Draft:Fall of Tmutarakan
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Last edited by ~2026-38807-10 (talk | contribs) 41 days ago. (Update) |
| Kasog–Tmutorokan war | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kasog–Kievan Rus' wars | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
|
Kasogs (Circassians) Alans | Principality of Tmutorokan (part of Kievan Rus') | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Unknown Kasog and Alan leaders |
Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich (initially absent) Local Rus' commander (city defense) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
6,000 Alans (sent as reinforcements) Large Kasog army | Several thousand | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Very heavy | ||||||||
The Kasog–Tmutorokan war was a military campaign in which a coalition of Kasogs (ancestors of the Circassians destroyed the Principality of Tmutorokan, part of Kievan Rus'. The campaign was revenge for the defeat of the Kasogs by Prince Mstislav in 1022.[1][2][3]
Background
In 1022, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich of Tmutorokan defeated the Kasogs in single combat, killing their prince Rededya. According to Shora Nogmov's "History of the Adyghe People," the war began when the Adyghe prince Rededya challenged Prince Mstislav to single combat to avoid mass bloodshed: "So that troops would not be lost on either side, so that blood would not be shed in vain, and so that friendship would not be broken, defeat me and take everything I have."[1]
The Tmutorokan prince agreed and did not seek a champion in his army but went himself to face the giant's challenge. The opponents laid down their weapons and began a wrestling match that lasted several hours. Finally, Rededya fell, and the prince struck him with a knife. This event ended the war, and the Adygheans returned to their homeland, grieving more for the loss of their best warrior than for the failure of the campaign.[1]
The campaign
Several years after this campaign, the Adygheans gathered a significant army with the intention of avenging Rededya's death and conquering the Tmutorokan land. To increase their forces, they asked for help from the Alans, who sent them up to 6,000 chosen men.[1]
They marched into the Tmutorokan principality. Several thousand enemies came out to meet them. Many bloody battles were fought; many people died, many homes were destroyed, and much property was ruined. But the intention of the Adygheans was unshakable: to take cruel revenge for Rededya's death and to destroy Tmutorokan. The war continued for some time with the greatest stubbornness on both sides. Finally, the Adygheans defeated their enemies and ravaged the entire Tmutorokan region. After this victory, they returned to their homeland with rich booty and many prisoners.[1][2]
Aftermath
The city never recovered from this devastating blow. The Tmutorokan principality was completely destroyed, which explains why Russian chronicles from that time contain almost no mention of this first Russian colony in the Caucasus.[3]
From that time, a proverb has existed among the Adyghe tribes: "Tamtarakai uhunyame" (Да будет тебе участь Тамтаракая), meaning "May the fate of Tmutorokan befall you." They also say instead of cursing: "Tamtarakai ukh!" — "May you be Tmutorokan!"[1][3]
In the Circassian language «Сыт щхьж1э дгъэк1уэдрэ ныбжьэгъухэрик1, ди дзэхэрик!, лъыик! тхьэ дгъажэрэ»
References
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