Draft:Isbal


Isbal is a term in Islam that refers to the practice of lowering clothing, especially trousers or sarong, until it passes the ankles. In some Islamic views, isbal is considered not recommended, and may even be prohibited under certain conditions. It is closely related to the attitude of tawadhu (humility) and avoiding pride, because it is seen as excessive behavior or as indicating social status.[1][2]

Linguistically, isbal is the verbal noun from the verb “asbala”, meaning to lower, let hang, or lengthen. Terminologically, as explained by Imam Ibnul ‘Aroby and other scholars, it refers to lengthening and trailing the garment until it covers the ankles and touches the ground, whether done out of pride or not.[3]

Hadiths on Isbal

The concept of isbal originates from several hadiths that address the lengthening of garments beyond the ankles. These narrations form the primary textual foundation for the discussion on this topic.[1]

One of the most well-known hadiths states:

“Whoever drags his garment out of pride and arrogance, Allah will not look at him on the Day of Resurrection.”

— Sahih al-Bukhari 5783; Sahih Muslim 2085.

This is reinforced by another narration:

“There are three groups of people to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection and for whom there will be a painful punishment.” The Prophet ﷺ mentioned these three groups three times. Abu Dharr asked, “May they be ruined! Who are they, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “The one who lets his garment hang below his ankles, the one who reminds others of his favors, and the one who sells his goods by false oaths.”

— Sahih Muslim 106; Sunan Abi Dawud 4087; Sunan an-Nasa'i 4455.

Additional hadiths include:

“Whatever is below the ankles is in the Fire.”

— Sahih al-Bukhari 5797; Sunan Ibn Majah 3573.

“Beware of isbal in clothing, for it is from pride, and Allah does not love pride.”

— Sunan Abi Dawud 4084; Musnad Ahmad 4/65.

Mughirah ibn Shu'bah reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Sufyan ibn Sahl, “O Sufyan! Do not do isbal, for indeed Allah does not love those who do isbal.”

— Sunan Ibn Majah 3574; Musnad Ahmad 4/26.

A narration involving Ibn Umar further illustrates the Prophet’s emphasis on this matter:

Ibn Umar said: “I passed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while my lower garment was trailing. He said, ‘O Abdullah, raise your garment!’ I raised it. He said again, ‘Raise it more!’ So I raised it further. From then on I always kept it at that length.” Some people asked how high, and he replied, “To the middle of the calves.”

— Sahih Muslim 2086.

Scholarly opinions

Scholarly views on isbal show notable differences, particularly regarding whether the prohibition applies only when pride is present or in all circumstances. There is unanimous agreement among scholars that lengthening the garment below the ankles with the intention of pride or arrogance is strictly prohibited and constitutes a major sin. This position is based on the clear warnings found in the hadith literature.[4]

When isbal is performed without any intention of pride, the opinions diverge. The majority of classical scholars from the four madhhabs (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali) hold that it is not haram in the absence of pride, although some consider it makruh (disliked). This view is supported by the understanding that the prohibition in the hadith is specifically linked to arrogance. Early authorities such as Abu Hanifa are reported to have worn garments that trailed without being criticized for it when pride was absent.[5]

In contrast, a number of scholars, including some from the Maliki school and many contemporary figures such as Ibn Baz, Ibn Uthaymeen, and Salih al-Fawzan, argue that isbal is prohibited even without explicit pride. They base this position on the general wording of the hadiths and the view that the practice often leads to or implies arrogance. According to this perspective, the warning “Whatever is below the ankles is in the Fire” applies broadly.[6][7]

The Hanbali and Maliki schools generally emphasize the role of intention more strongly, while some scholars within these schools and others adopt a stricter approach. The Hanafi school is often described as more flexible on the matter when pride is not involved. These differences reflect varying methodologies in interpreting the hadith texts and applying them to daily practice.[8][9]

Practice and debate

In contemporary Muslim societies, the application of the ruling on isbal varies considerably. In communities that follow stricter interpretations, particularly those influenced by Salafi thought, many men deliberately wear their garments above the ankles as a precaution and as a means of following the apparent meaning of the hadith. This practice is often promoted in educational settings and religious gatherings.[10]

In more moderate or culturally diverse communities, especially in regions where Western-style clothing such as trousers is the norm, the issue of isbal receives less emphasis. Many scholars in these contexts argue that as long as there is no intention of pride or arrogance, the lengthening of garments below the ankles does not carry the same ruling as in earlier times when such clothing was associated with showing off status.[11]

The topic continues to generate discussion and occasional debate among Muslims. Some view strict adherence to wearing garments above the ankles as an important part of reviving the Sunnah, while others see it as a matter of personal choice or cultural adaptation, provided pride is avoided. These differing approaches often reflect broader differences in how Islamic rulings are understood and applied in modern contexts.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b Hawari, Hanif. "Pengertian Isbal, Dalil dan Hukumnya Menurut Para Ulama". detikhikmah. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  2. ^ Liputan6.com (2023-08-09). "Isbal Adalah Model Pakaian Laki-Laki Melebihi Mata Kaki, Ketahui Hukumnya". liputan6.com. Retrieved 2024-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ "Larangan Isbal, Melabuhkan Pakaian Hingga Menutup Mata Kaki | Almanhaj". almanhaj.or.id. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  4. ^ Hawari, Hanif. "Pengertian Isbal, Dalil dan Hukumnya Menurut Para Ulama". detikhikmah. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  5. ^ "The view of the majority with regard to letting garments hang below the ankle". IslamQA. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  6. ^ "What is the Islamic ruling on lowering the pants beneath the ankles?". Fiqh Council. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  7. ^ "Is It Prohibited to Wear Clothes Below The Ankles?". IslamQA. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  8. ^ a b Armansyah, Armansyah (2019-10-14). "POLEMIK ISBAL DAN SOMBONG SERTA PENDAPAT ULAMA TERKAIT MUKHTALIF AL HADITS". SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah dan Hukum. 3 (2): 244–263. doi:10.52266/sangaji.v3i2.471. ISSN 2615-1359.
  9. ^ "Letting Garments Hang Below Your Ankles in the Maliki School". SeekersGuidance. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  10. ^ "Isbaal (Men wearing garments that extend below the ankles)". Abdurrahman.org. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
  11. ^ "What is the Islamic ruling on lowering the pants beneath the ankles?". Fiqh Council. Retrieved 2024-10-31.

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