Draft:Trichogrammatini

Trichogrammatini
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Hymenoptera
Superfamily:
Chalcidoidea
Family:
Trichogrammatidae
Subfamily:
Trichogrammatinae
Tribe:
Trichogrammatini

Haliday, 1851

Trichogrammatini is a tribe of minute parasitoid wasps in the family Trichogrammatidae, within the superfamily Chalcidoidea. It is placed in the subfamily Trichogrammatinae and includes the genus Trichogramma, one of the best-known groups of egg parasitoids used in biological pest control.[1][2]

Taxonomy

Trichogrammatini was named by Haliday in 1851. The UK Species Inventory lists Trichogrammatini Haliday, 1851 as a tribe within Trichogrammatinae, family Trichogrammatidae.[1]

The classification of Trichogrammatidae has been revised several times. A major review by Doutt and Viggiani in 1968 treated the classification of the family, and later work has refined the placement of genera and tribes.[3] In a review of New World genera of Trichogrammatidae, Pinto recognised two subfamilies and four tribes, with Trichogrammatinae represented by Trichogrammatini and Oligositinae represented by Paracentrobiini, Chaetostrichini and Oligositini.[4]

Molecular phylogenetic work has also examined relationships within Trichogrammatidae and evaluated the usefulness of male genitalia for higher-level classification.[5]

Description

Members of Trichogrammatini are very small wasps, like other members of Trichogrammatidae. Trichogrammatids are among the smallest known insects, with adult body lengths commonly ranging from about 0.2 to 1.5 mm.[2] They are generally compact-bodied chalcid wasps with three-segmented tarsi, short wing venation and wings that may be fringed with long marginal hairs.[2]

Identification of genera and species in Trichogrammatidae is difficult because of their minute size and reduced morphology. Taxonomic studies often use fine morphological characters, including male genitalia, as well as molecular data.[4]

Biology

Trichogrammatini are egg parasitoids. Female wasps lay their eggs inside the eggs of other insects, and the developing parasitoid larva consumes the host embryo before emerging as an adult.[2]

Host use differs among genera. UC Riverside notes that some trichogrammatid genera, including Trichogramma, parasitize eggs from several insect orders, whereas other genera appear to be restricted to a single host order.[2] Hosts of Trichogrammatidae include eggs of Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.[2]

Biological control

The tribe is economically important because it includes Trichogramma, a genus widely used in augmentative biological control. Species of Trichogramma attack the eggs of many pest Lepidoptera and can be mass-reared and released in agricultural systems.[2] These parasitoids are used to suppress pests before larvae hatch and begin feeding on crops.

Genera

Genera placed in Trichogrammatini include Trichogramma, Trichogrammatoidea, Poropoea, Ophioneurus, Mirufens and Pterandrophysalis.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Trichogrammatidae Haliday, 1851". UK Species Inventory. Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Trichogrammatidae". Hymenoptera Systematics. University of California, Riverside. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
  3. ^ Doutt, R. L.; Viggiani, G. (1968). "The classification of the Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 35: 477–586. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
  4. ^ a b Pinto, John D. (2006). "A review of the New World genera of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 15 (1): 38–163. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
  5. ^ Owen, Albert K.; George, Jeremiah; Pinto, John D.; Heraty, John M. (2007). "A molecular phylogeny of the Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with an evaluation of the utility of their male genitalia for higher level classification". Systematic Entomology. 32 (2): 227–251. Bibcode:2007SysEn..32..227O. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00361.x.


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