Earl of Buchan

Earldom of Buchan
Earldom of Buchan
	; Blazon Quarterly: 1st, Azure a Barrulet en crancelin of four Strawberry Leaves between three Garbs Or (Buchan); 2nd, Argent a Pale Sable in dexter canton a Rose Gules barbed and seeded Vert (Erskine); 3rd, Or a Lymphad Sable sails furled and oars in action and at the masthead a Beacon all proper surmounted of a Fess checky Azure and Argent charged with a Mullet of the second (Stewart of Buchan); 4th, Argent a Lion passant guardant Gules crowned with an Imperial Crown and gorged with an Open Crown Or a Label of three points of the second charged on the centre point with a Crescent of the third (Ogilvy of Auchterhouse); on an Escutcheon en surtout Gules an Eagle displayed Or armed and membered Azure looking towards the Sun in Splendour in dexter chief (Lordship of Cardross);
Creation date	1469
Creation	Third
Created by	James III of Scotland
Peerage	Peerage of Scotland
First holder	James Stewart
Present holder	Henry Erskine, 18th Earl
Heir apparent	Alexander Erskine, Lord Cardross
Subsidiary titles	Lord Cardross
Seat(s)	Newnham House

The Mormaer (/mɔːrˈmɛər/) or Earl of Buchan (/ˈbʌxən/) was originally the provincial ruler of the medieval province of Buchan. Buchan was the first Mormaerdom in the High Medieval Kingdom of the Scots to pass into the hands of a non-Scottish family in the male line. The earldom had three lines in its history, not counting passings from female heirs to sons. Today, it is held by the Erskine family as a peerage. The current holder is Harry Erskine, 18th Earl of Buchan (b. 1960). Subsidiary titles are Lord Cardross and Lord Auchterhouse and Baron Erskine.

Mormaerdom of Buchan

The first recorded person who definitely held the position of mormaer was Gartnait, whose patronage is noted in the Gaelic Notes on the Book of Deer. The latter is the only significant source for the mormaerdom, and its existence makes Buchan one of Scotland's best documented provinces for native cultural institutions. After the death of Fergus, before 1214, Buchan became the first native mormaerdom to pass into the hands of a foreign family, the Comyns, though only through marriage. Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan inherited and continued his mother's title and line until it was conquered and forfeited during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

1374 creation

The title remained in crown hands until, later in the century, the title went to Alexander Stewart, the "Wolf of Badenoch". By this point, however, Buchan was drastically truncated and no longer a provincial lordship.

1469 creation

In 1469 the earldom was conferred on James Stewart. He was made Lord Auchterhouse at the same time, also in the Peerage of Scotland. Stewart was the second son of Sir James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, and the younger brother of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (see Earl of Atholl, 1457 creation). The title descended in the direct male line until the death of his grandson, John, the third Earl, in 1551. John's only son by his first marriage, John Stewart, Master of Buchan, had been killed at the Battle of Pinkie in 1547. Buchan was therefore succeeded by his granddaughter, Christina, suo jure Countess of Buchan, the daughter of the Master of Buchan. She married Robert Douglas, son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven and brother of William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton. Robert assumed the title of Earl of Buchan in right of his wife. He was succeeded by his daughter, Mary, suo jure Countess of Buchan. She married James Erskine, younger son of John Erskine, Earl of Mar. James assumed the earldom in right of his wife. In 1617 they were created by Royal charter Earl and Countess of Buchan, with remainder to the heirs male of the marriage, whom failing, to the legitimate and nearest heirs-male and assignees of the Earl. In 1633 the precedence of the earldom was established by Act of Parliament as 1469. This line of the family failed on the death of their grandson, the eighth Earl, who died unmarried in 1695. The title passed by the terms of the 1617 charter to the heirs male of the 6th Earl i.e. to the heirs male of his younger brother Henry Erskine (see below). Since 1695, the earls of Buchan are not heirs of line of the 1st Earl of Buchan.^[2]

The late Earl was succeeded by his kinsman David Erskine, 4th Lord Cardross, who became the ninth Earl. He was the great-grandson of Henry Erskine, younger brother of James Erskine, Earl of Buchan (of the 1617 creation; see Lord Cardross for earlier history of this branch of the Erskine family). His right to the earldom was acknowledged by the Scottish Parliament in 1698 and he later sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, the tenth Earl. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society. His eldest surviving son, David, the eleventh Earl, was the founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland but is best remembered as an eccentric. The latter was succeeded by his nephew, Henry, the twelfth Earl, the son of Henry Erskine, Lord Advocate, third son of the tenth Earl. In 1850 Caroline, the wife of the 12th Earl, and David the 13th Earl, both converted to Roman Catholicism.^[3]

The line of the twelfth Earl failed on the death of his great-grandson, the fifteenth Earl, who died unmarried in 1960. The fifteenth Earl was succeeded by his kinsman, Donald Erskine, 7th Baron Erskine, who became the sixteenth Earl. He was a descendant of Lord Chancellor Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine, fourth son of the tenth Earl (see Baron Erskine for earlier history of this branch of the family). As of 2022^[update], the titles are held by the sixteenth Earl's grandson, the eighteenth Earl, who succeeded his father in that year.

The family seat is Newnham House, near Newnham, Hampshire.

List of titleholders

Early Mormaers/Earls of Buchan

Sarcophagus-effigy of Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, at Dunkeld Cathedral, where he was buried.

Unknowns
?Cainnech (fl. early 12th century)
Gartnait (fl. after 1131)
Éva (Éua) ingen Garnait (fl. 1174 )
- m. Colbán (fl. 1174 )
Fergus (d. before 1214)
Marjory
- m. William Comyn, Justiciar of Scotia and Warden of Moray (d. 1233)
Alexander Comyn (d. 1289)
John Comyn (d. 1308)
- Forfeited; Title claimed by Alice Comyn, and her husband Henry Beaumont (d. 1340)

Earls of Buchan; Second creation (1374)

Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan (d. 1394 or 1405)
Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (d. 1420), in 1406 he granted earldom to his son
John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (d. 1424) – Killed at the Battle of Verneuil
James I of Scotland. (d. 1437)^[4]
- Mary Stewart, Countess of Buchan (1428–1465), Countess from 1444
- Wolfert VI van Borselen (1433–1489), jure uxoris Earl of Buchan from 1444 until 1469, Stadholder of Holland, Friesland and Zeeland

Earls of Buchan; Third creation (1469)

James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan (1442–1487)
Alexander Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan (d. 1505)
John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Buchan (c. 1497–1551)
Christina Stewart, 4th Countess of Buchan (d. 1580)
James Douglas, 5th Earl of Buchan (d. 1601)
Mary Douglas, 6th Countess of Buchan (d. 1628) (title of 6th Earl assumed by her husband James Erskine, 6th Earl of Buchan (died 1640))
James Erskine, 7th Earl of Buchan (succeeded 1640, d. 1664)
William Erskine, 8th Earl of Buchan (d. 1695)
David Erskine, 9th Earl of Buchan (d. 1745)
Henry David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan (1710–1767)
David Stewart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan (1742–1829)
Henry David Erskine, 12th Earl of Buchan (1783–1857)
David Stuart Erskine, 13th Earl of Buchan (1815–1898)
Shipley Gordon Stuart Erskine, 14th Earl of Buchan (1850–1934)
Ronald Douglas Stewart Mar Erskine, 15th Earl of Buchan (1878–1960)
Donald Cardross Flower Erskine, 16th Earl of Buchan (1899–1984)
Malcolm Erskine, 17th Earl of Buchan (1930–2022)
Henry Thomas Alexander Erskine, 18th Earl of Buchan (b. 1960)

Present peer

Henry Erskine, 18th Earl of Buchan (born 31 May 1960) is the elder son of the 17th Earl and his wife Hilary Diana Cecil Power. He was educated at Eton College and was styled as Lord Cardross between 1984 and 11 September 2022, when he succeeded to the peerages. In 1987 he married Charlotte Catherine Lucinda Beaumont, a daughter of Matthew Henry Beaumont and a granddaughter of Wentworth Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Allendale. They had two sons:^[5]

Alexander Erskine, Lord Cardross (born 1990), heir apparent
Frederick Alastair Erskine (born 1992)

Family tree

Male-line family tree, Earls of Buchan, Earls of Traquair and Barons Erskine.

James Stewart
1st Earl of Buchan
1442–1499

Stewarts of Traquair

Alexander Stewart
2nd Earl of Buchan
died 1505

John Stewart
1st of Traquair
1489-1513

John Stewart
3rd Earl of Buchan
1498–1551

William Stewart
2nd of Traquair
died 1538

John Stewart
Master of Buchan
died 1547

Robert Stewart
3rd of Traquair
died 1548

Sir
John Stewart
4th of Traquair
died 1591

Sir
William Stewart
5th of Traquair
died 1605

James Stewart
6th of Traquair
died 1606

Robert Douglas
4th Earl of Buchan
died 1580

Christina Stewart
4th Countess of Buchan
1498–1551

John Stewart
younger of Traquair
died 1606

Earls of Traquair

John Douglas
5th Earl of Buchan
died 1547

John Erskine
19th/2nd Earl of Mar
1562-1634

John Stewart
1st Earl of Traquair
1600-1659

Mary Douglas
6th Countess of Buchan
died 1628

James Erskine
6th Earl of Buchan
died 1640

Henry Erskine
Master of Cardross
1672-1745

John Stewart
2nd Earl of Traquair
1623-1666

James Erskine
7th Earl of Buchan
died 1664

David Erskine
2nd Lord Cardross
1626-1671

William Stewart
3rd Earl of Traquair
1657-1673

Charles Stewart
4th Earl of Traquair
1659-1741

William Erskine
8th Earl of Buchan
died 1695

Henry Erskine
3rd Lord Cardross
1650-1693

Charles Stewart
5th Earl of Traquair
1697-1764

John Stewart
6th Earl of Traquair
1698-1779

David Erskine
9th Earl of Buchan
1672-1745

Charles Stewart
7th Earl of Traquair
1746-1827

Henry Erskine
10th Earl of Buchan
1710-1767

Charles Stewart
8th Earl of Traquair
1781-1861

David Erskine
11th Earl of Buchan
1742-1829

Henry Erskine
1746-1817

Thomas Erskine
1st Baron Erskine
1750-1823

Sir David Erskine

Henry Erskine
12th Earl of Buchan
1783-1857

David Erskine
2nd Baron Erskine
1776-1855

Baron Erskine

David Erskine
13th Earl of Buchan
1815-1899

Thomas Erskine
3rd Baron Erskine
1802-1877

John Erskine
4th Baron Erskine
1804-1882

Shipley Erskine
14th Earl of Buchan
1850-1934

William Erskine
5th Baron Erskine
1841-1913

Ronald Erskine
15th Earl of Buchan
1878-1960

Montagu Erskine
6th Baron Erskine
1865-1957

Donald Erskine
16th Earl of Buchan
1899-1984

Malcom Erskine
17th Earl of Buchan
1930-2022

Henry Erskine
18th Earl of Buchan
born 1960

Alexander Erskine
Lord Cardross
born 1990

References

^ Bartholomew Scotland of old : clan names map; the lands, the arms and the crests. 1983. ISBN 0-7028-1709-0
^ Scottish peerages were often changed by Royal charters, surrenders and regrants until 1707. Thus, the terms of the original remainder could be changed, as was done in 1617, or the precedence changed as was done by Parliament in 1633. In a few cases, such as the earldom of Buchan, the title was directed away from the heir of line of the original grantee to a stranger in blood.
^ Gorman Converts to Rome 1899 (4th edition)
^ McGladdery,p.7
^ Burkes Peerage, vol. 1 (1999), p. 62; vol. 1 (2003), p. 564

Bibliography

Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1922), Vol. II, p. 180, n. 3
Jackson, Kenneth (ed.), The Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer (The Osborn Bergin Memorial Lecture 1970), (Cambridge, 1972)^{[page needed]}
Paul, James Balfour, The Scots Peerage, Vol. II, (Edinburgh, 1909)^{[page needed]}
Roberts, John L., Lost Kingdoms: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages, (Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 55–6
Young, Alan, "Buchan in the 13th century" in Alexander Grant & Keith J. Stringer (eds.) Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community Essays Presented to G. W. S. Barrow, (Edinburgh, 1993)^{[page needed]}
Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. London: London: Dean & son, limited. p. 148.

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Donald Cardross Flower Erskine, 16th Earl of Buchan
Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Malcolm Harry Erskine, 17th Earl of Buchan
Gaelic Notes on the Book of Deer
McGladdery, Christine, James II. Edinburgh 1990, p. 7.

[1] Bartholomew Scotland of old : clan names map; the lands, the arms and the crests. 1983. ISBN 0-7028-1709-0

[2] Scottish peerages were often changed by Royal charters, surrenders and regrants until 1707. Thus, the terms of the original remainder could be changed, as was done in 1617, or the precedence changed as was done by Parliament in 1633. In a few cases, such as the earldom of Buchan, the title was directed away from the heir of line of the original grantee to a stranger in blood.

[3] Gorman Converts to Rome 1899 (4th edition)

[4] McGladdery,p.7

[5] Burkes Peerage, vol. 1 (1999), p. 62; vol. 1 (2003), p. 564

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Earl of Buchan

Mormaerdom of Buchan

1374 creation

1469 creation

List of titleholders

Early Mormaers/Earls of Buchan

Earls of Buchan; Second creation (1374)

Earls of Buchan; Third creation (1469)

Present peer

Family tree

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

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