Species of flowering plant
Echium vulgare viper's bugloss and blueweed ,[ 1] flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae . It is native to most of Europe and western and central Asia [ 2] [ 3] introduced species in north-eastern North America , south-western South America and the South and North Island of New Zealand.[ 1] [ 4] root was used in ancient times as a treatment for snake or viper bites .[ 5] toxic to horses and cattle through the accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the liver .[ 6] [ 7]
Description
It is a biennial or monocarpic perennial plant growing to 30–80 cm (12–31 in) tall, with rough, hairy, oblanceolate leaves .[ 8] [ 9] stamens protruding. The pollen is blue[ 10] stamens remain red, contrasting against the blue flowers. It flowers between May and September in the Northern Hemisphere . The Latin specific epithet vulgare means common.[ 5]
Distribution
It is native to Europe and temperate Asia. It has been introduced to Chile ,[ 11] New Zealand [ 12] North America , where it is naturalised in parts of the continent including northern Michigan ,[ 3] invasive species in Washington .[ 13] calcareous grassland and heaths , bare and waste places, along railways and roadsides and on coastal cliffs , sand dunes and shingle .[ 14]
Cultivation
E. vulgare is cultivated as an ornamental plant, and numerous cultivars have been developed. The cultivar 'Blue Bedder' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit .[ 15] [ 16]
Gallery
See also
References
^ a b Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. (2004) ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 203.
^ Flora Europaea : Echium vulgare ^ a b "Echium vulgare " . Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 17 December 2017 .^ "Echium vulgare L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. Retrieved 18 December 2022 .^ a b "Echium vulgare - Plant Finder" . www.missouribotanicalgarden.org . Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 19 September 2020 .^ "Guide to Poisonous Plants – College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences" . csuvth.colostate.edu . Colorado State University. Retrieved 19 September 2020 .^ Klemow, Kenneth M.; Clements, David R.; Threadgill, Paul F.; Cavers, Paul B. (1 January 2002). "The biology of Canadian weeds. 116. Echium vulgare L.". Canadian Journal of Plant Science . 82 (1): 235– 248. doi :10.4141/P01-058 . ^ Graves, Melissa; Mangold, Jane; Jacobs, Jim. "Biology, Ecology and Management of Blueweed" (PDF) . store.msuextension.org . Montana State University. Retrieved 22 October 2016 . ^ "Echium vulgare - Viper's Bugloss" . www.first-nature.com . Retrieved 2024-09-20 .^ Dorothy Hodges (1952). The pollen loads of the honeybee . Bee Research Association Ltd., London. ^ "Description and images of Echium vulgare (Hierba azul , Viborera , Ortiguilla), a native Chilean plant, provided by the supplier of native exotic Chilean seeds, Chileflora.com" . www.chileflora.com . Retrieved 2022-11-21 .^ "Echium vulgare" . New Zealand Plant Conservation Network . Retrieved 2020-11-28 .^ "Common viper's bugloss: Echium vulgare (Lamiales: Boraginaceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States" . www.invasiveplantatlas.org . Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. Retrieved 22 October 2016 .^ Fitter, R. & A. (1974). The Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe . Collins.
^ "RHS Plantfinder - Echium vulgare 'Blue Bedder' . Retrieved 12 January 2018 .^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF) . Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 35. Retrieved 24 January 2018 .
