Edward Barnes (British Army officer)

Sir
Edward Barnes
GCB
Sir Edward Barnes GCB
5th Governor of British Ceylon
	In office; 18 January 1824 – 13 October 1831
Preceded by	James Campbell (acting)
Succeeded by	John Wilson (acting)
	Acting; 1 February 1820 – 2 February 1822
Preceded by	Robert Brownrigg
Succeeded by	Edward Paget
12th General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
	In office; 1820–?
Preceded by	Alexander Cosby Jackson
Succeeded by	James Campbell
Personal details
Born	28 October 1776
Died	19 March 1838 (aged 61); Walthamstow, Essex
Spouse	Maria Fawkes (m. 1823)
Children	Maria Anne (1825 – ?); Richard Hawksworth (1831–1904);
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Military service
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Branch/service	British Army
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands	General Officer Commanding, Ceylon; British Indian Army
Battles/wars	Peninsular War

Lieutenant General Sir Edward Barnes, GCB (28 October 1776 – 19 March 1838) was a British soldier who became governor of Ceylon.

Military career

Barnes joined the 47th Regiment of Foot in 1792 as an ensign, and quickly rose to field rank. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1807, serving in the Invasion of Martinique in 1809, and colonel in 1810. Two years later, he served on Wellington's staff in the Peninsular War. His services in this capacity gained him further promotion; as a major-general, he led a brigade in the Battle of Vitoria and took part in the battles the Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive and Orthez.^[1] He was awarded the Gold Cross and three clasps for his Peninsula service. Barnes served in the campaign of 1815 as adjutant-general, and was wounded at the Battle of Waterloo, where he was known as "our fire eating adjutant general".^[1] Already a KCB, he was a recipient of the Austrian Order of Maria Theresa 3rd Class, and the Russian Order of St Anne. ^[2]

In 1808 he was appointed the lieutenant-governor of Dominica serving in the position until 1812, when he was gazetted as lieutenant-governor of Antigua in December 1813, although he did not take up the appointment.

In 1819, his connection with Ceylon began. Lieutenant-General Barnes was appointed acting Governor of Ceylon from 1 February 1820 to 2 February 1822, succeeding Robert Brownrigg. He then served as governor of Ceylon from 18 January 1824 to 13 October 1831, succeeded by Robert Wilmot-Horton (1784–1841, governor 13 to 23 October 1831). He directed the construction of the great military road between Colombo and Kandy, and of many other lines of communication, made the first census of the population, and introduced coffee cultivation based on the West Indian system (1824). In 1831, he received the GCB. From 1832 to 1833, he was commander in-chief in India, with the local rank of general.^[2]

On his return home, he was appointed in 1834 Colonel of the 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot, a post he held until his death. The same year he stood for Parliament as Conservative candidate for Sudbury at a by-election. The votes between the two candidates were tied, and the returning officer gave Barnes his casting vote and declared him elected; however, his opponent petitioned against the outcome, denying that the returning officer had the right to a casting vote, and the issue had not been resolved before Parliament was dissolved. At the 1835 general election, Barnes was narrowly defeated, but he finally became MP for Sudbury at the third attempt in 1837;^[3] however, he died in the following year.^[2]

Along with Admiral William Bowles, Barnes was responsible for the establishment of the Army and Navy Club in Pall Mall, London.^[1]

Barnes' portrait was painted, for Ceylon, by John Wood, and a memorial statue was erected in Colombo in front of the President's House, Colombo from which point trunk road mileage was measured in Ceylon.^[4]

Personal life

Edward Barnes was born on 28 October 1776, the son of John Barnes and Anne née Parke.

He married Maria Fawkes (1798–1854), of Farnley Hall, on 31 July 1823 in Otley, Yorkshire.

Barnes died on 19 March 1838 at his home in Walthamstow, Essex and is buried in the churchyard of St. Mary's Church, Walthamstow. His gravesite is marked by a large monument, with an inscription giving details of his achievements in life.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Dalton, Charles (1904). The Waterloo roll call. With biographical notes and anecdotes. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. 29.
^ ^a ^b ^c Chisholm 1911.
^ F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
^ "Rewriting history Chinthana style". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
^ Gillian Wright (1 August 1991). Hill stations of India. Odyssey. p. 101. ISBN 978-962-217-137-4. Retrieved 11 February 2013.

Attribution

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barnes, Sir Edward" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Edward Barnes

Government offices
Preceded by Robert Brownrigg	Acting Governor of Ceylon 1820–1822	Succeeded by Edward Paget
Preceded by James Campbell acting governor	Governor of Ceylon 1824–1831	Succeeded by John Wilson acting governor
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir John Benn Walsh, Bt Michael Angelo Taylor	Member of Parliament for Sudbury 1834–1835 With: Sir John Benn Walsh, Bt	Succeeded by John Bagshaw Benjamin Smith
Preceded by John Bagshaw Benjamin Smith	Member of Parliament for Sudbury 1837–1838 With: Sir James John Hamilton, Bt 1837 Joseph Bailey 1837–1838	Succeeded by Joseph Bailey Sir John Benn Walsh, Bt
Military offices
Preceded by Alexander Cosby Jackson	General Officer Commanding, Ceylon 1820–?	Succeeded by James Campbell
Preceded by The Earl of Dalhousie	Commander-in-Chief, India 1832–1833	Succeeded by The Lord William Bentinck