Maguire was born in Dublin, Ireland.[2] She studied psychology at University College Dublin and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA Hons) degree in 1990.[2] She studied Clinical and experimental neuropsychology at University of Wales, Swansea and graduated with a Master of Science degree in 1991.[6][2] She undertook her Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree at University College Dublin,[9][10] Ireland, where she first became interested in the neural basis of memory while working with patients as a neuropsychologist at Beaumont Hospital, Dublin. She completed her PhD in 1994,[9] and her doctoral thesis was titled Real-world spatial memory following temporal-lobe surgery in humans.[9]
Maguire and others have noted that a distributed set of brain regions supports human episodic (autobiographical) memory, defined as the memory for personal everyday events,[12] and that this brain network overlaps considerably with that supporting navigation in large-scale space and other diverse cognitive functions such as imagination and thinking about the future.[13] In her research Maguire seeks to place episodic memory in the context of wider cognition so as to understand how common brain areas, and possibly common processes, support such disparate functions. In this way she hopes to gain novel and fundamental insights into the mechanisms that are involved.[11]
Her team uses standard whole brain and high resolution structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with behavioural testing and neuropsychological examination of amnesic patients to pursue their aims. They mainly employ ecologically valid or 'real life' experimental paradigms to examine brain-behaviour relationships; examples include using virtual reality to examine navigation,[14][15] investigating autobiographical memories of people's personal past experiences, and their ability to imagine fictitious and future scenes and events. Perhaps the most famous of these is her series of studies on London taxi drivers,[16][17][18] where she documented changes in hippocampal structure associated with acquiring the knowledge of London's layout. A redistribution of grey matter was indicated in London Taxi Drivers compared to controls. This work on hippocampal plasticity not only interested scientists, but also engaged the public and media world-wide.
This is also true of her other work such as that showing that patients with amnesia cannot imagine the future[19] which several years ago was rated as one of the scientific breakthroughs of the year;[20] and her other studies demonstrating that it is possible to decode people's memories from the pattern of fMRI activity in the hippocampus.[21][22]
Besides her direct scientific activities, Maguire and her research group have an active public engagement agenda, involving public lectures, school visits and demonstrations, TV, radio and internet contributions, and collaborations with several artists, encouraging people of all ages to think about the value of science in their everyday lives. In February 2014, Maguire delivered a Friday Evening Discourse at The Royal Institution.[26]
Honours and awards
Maguire has won a number of prizes for outstanding contributions to science, including:
2003, the Ig Nobel Prize for Medicine, awarded for 'presenting evidence that the brains of London taxi drivers are more highly developed than those of their fellow citizens'[27]
^ abcMaguire, Eleanor A. (1994). Real-world spatial memory following temporal-lobe surgery in humans (PhD thesis). University College Dublin. OCLC605310948. ProQuest301509150.
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