Flag of Oklahoma

Oklahoma
Other names	Oklahoma flag, Native America's flag
Use	Civil and state flag
Proportion	2∶3
Adopted	April 2, 1925 (modifications in 1941, 1988, and 2006)
Design	A rectangular field of sky blue on which is placed an Osage war shield with six crosses and seven pendant eagle feathers above the word 'Oklahoma' in white. Superimposed onto the crosses of the war shield is a calumet and an olive branch.
Designed by	Louise Fluke

The flag of Oklahoma, also known as the Oklahoma flag, is a rectangular field of sky blue on which is placed an Osage war shield with six crosses and seven pendant eagle feathers above the name of the state in a white Eurostile text in all capitals. Superimposed onto the crosses of the war shield is a calumet (peace pipe) and an olive branch.^[1]

History

The Flag of Oklahoma flying outside the Capitol in 2007.

Oklahoma's first flag was adopted in 1911, four years after statehood. The flag featured a large centered white star fimbriated in blue on a red field. The number 46 was written in blue inside the star, as Oklahoma was the forty-sixth state to join the Union.^[2] It was designed by Ruth D. Clement, a founder of the state branch of the Daughters of the Confederacy.

A contest, sponsored by the Daughters of the American Revolution, was held in 1924 to replace the flag, as red flags were closely associated with the red flag of communism. The winning entry by Louise Fluke, of Shawnee, Oklahoma, which was adopted as the state flag on April 2, 1925, resembled the current flag without the word Oklahoma on it. That word was added in 1941^[3] as part of an effort to combat widespread illiteracy,^[4] although there is no evidence the change to the flag played any significant role in such.


State flag (1911–1925)	State flag (1925–1941)	State flag (1941–1988)	State flag (1988–2006)

Design

Oklahoman flag from 1961 with erroneous design

Erroneously-rendered Oklahoman flag on 1976 postage stamp

The official design of the flag of Oklahoma has remained the same since 1941, however, unauthorized flag designs became prevalent throughout the state, so much so that the correct and official design of the flag was becoming lost. These unauthorized flags displayed stylized eagle feathers, incorrectly shaped crosses, an incorrectly shaped pipe, wrong colors, or combinations of these and other errors. In 2005, an Oklahoma Boy Scout leader designing patches for a National Jamboree contingent was looking for an image of the Oklahoma state flag and noticed that there were multiple unauthorized designs of the Oklahoma state flag displayed on state government, historical, and educational websites. With some research he was able to identify the official design to use, but because of the prevalence of unauthorized designs, he contacted his state representative,^[5] and was the impetus to standardize the colors and shapes by Oklahoma Senate Bill 1359^[6] and signed into law by Governor Brad Henry on May 23, 2006, taking effect on November 1, 2006.^[6]

In 2001, the North American Vexillological Association surveyed its members on the designs of the 72 U.S. state, territorial, and Canadian provincial flags and ranked the Oklahoma flag 39th.^[7]

Symbolism

The flag of Oklahoma is one of two U.S. state flags (along with New Mexico) to depict distinct Native American iconography.^{[note 1]} The blue field represents devotion and loyalty. The shield surmounted by the pipe and olive branch represents defensive or protective warfare, showing a love of peace by a united people.^[8] The flag of Oklahoma closely resembles the flag of the Choctaw Nation carried into battle by men of the Second Indian Brigade or "Choctaw Brigade" during the American Civil War.^[9] The Choctaw flag, a replica of which hung in the Oklahoma Historical Museum, having been described as a rectangular field of blue, on which was placed a large red circular war shield bordered by a band of white; superimposed upon the face of the shield was a white bow, two arrows, and tomahawk crossed at right angles.^[10]

Display and use

In 2015, a new specialty license plate honoring the first flag was authorized by the legislature and signed into law. A minimum of 100 pre-orders were required and fulfilled.^[11]

Salute

The state legislature adopted the following salute to the flag in 1982:

"I salute the Flag of the State of Oklahoma: Its symbols of peace unite all people."

Notes

^ The Florida and Massachusetts flags contain state seals depicting Native people.

References

^ Wilson, Linda D. "Fluke, Louise Funk (1900–1986)". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society. FL005. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
^ "Oklahoma's First State Flag". April 13, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
^ "The Oklahoma State Flag". NetState. NState, LLC. February 6, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2015. Colors shall be colorfast and shall not bleed one into another. Added by Laws 1925, c. 234, p. 340, § 1. Amended by Laws 1941, p. 90, § 1; Laws 2006, c. 181, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2006.
^ "State of Oklahoma Genealogy Trails Data".
^ Jim Lewis, Cherokee Area Council
^ ^a ^b "Enrolled Senate Bill No. 1359". Oklahoma State Courts Network. May 23, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2015. This act shall become effective November 1, 2006.
^ Kaye, Ted (June 10, 2001). "NEW MEXICO TOPS STATE/PROVINCIAL FLAGS SURVEY, GEORGIA LOSES BY WIDE MARGIN". NAVA News. Vol. 34, no. 2 Issue #170. North American Vexillological Association. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
^ State Symbols USA:Oklahoma State Flag. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
^ "Don Healy's Native American Flags: Choctaw Nation." Retrieved January 15, 2014.
^ Cannon, Devereaux D. Jr. (2005) [1st pub. St. Luke's Press:1988]. The Flags of the Confederacy: An Illustrated History. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-565-54109-2. OCLC 1330349084.
^ "RED FLAG: New specialty plate celebrates Oklahoma's first flag and official motto". November 1, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2016.