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Foreign relations of Kiribati

Politics of Kiribati
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Foreign relations

Kiribati is a full member of the Commonwealth, the IMF and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999. Kiribati hosted the Thirty-First Pacific Islands Forum in October 2000. Kiribati has Least Developed Country Status and its interests rarely extend beyond the region. Through accession to the Lomé Convention, then Cotonou Agreement, Kiribati is also a member of the African Caribbean and Pacific Group. Kiribati maintains good relations with most countries and has particularly close ties to Pacific neighbours Japan, Australia, South Korea and New Zealand. Kiribati briefly suspended its relations with France in 1995 over that country's decision to renew nuclear testing in the South Pacific.

Kiribati established diplomatic relations with Taiwan in November 2003, but cut off all relations in September 2019 when Kiribati switched diplomatic recognition to Beijing. Taiwan's foreign minister stated that Kiribati had "unrealistic" expectations from China and ordered the embassy to evacuate.[1]

Regional relations

Kiribati maintains strong regional ties in the Pacific. Until recently it was a full member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, the South Pacific Tourism Organisation, the Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Kiribati is one of the eight signatories of the Nauru Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Management of Fisheries of Common Interest which collectively controls 25–30% of the world's tuna supply and approximately 60% of the western and central Pacific tuna supply [1]. In 1985, Kiribati was one of the nine initial endorsers of the Treaty of Rarotonga creating the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty.

Extra-regional relations

Kiribati was admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations in 1979 upon its independence, and to the United Nations in 1999.

Additionally outside the region, Kiribati is a member or participant of the ACP (Lomé Convention), the Asian Development Bank, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the IMF, International Maritime Organization, International Olympic Committee, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Universal Postal Union and the World Meteorological Organization. Finally, while Kiribati is not a member of the World Trade Organization, it does retain observer status.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Kiribati maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  Australia 12 July 1979[2]
2  Canada 12 July 1979[3]
3  Fiji 12 July 1979[4]
4  Solomon Islands 12 July 1979[5]
5  United Kingdom 12 July 1979[6]
6  Japan 21 March 1980[7]
7  New Zealand 29 April 1980[8]
8  South Korea 2 May 1980[9]
9  Netherlands 6 June 1980[10]
10  China 25 June 1980[11]
11  Germany 1 July 1980[12]
12  Vanuatu 30 July 1980[13]
13  United States 12 August 1980[14]
14  Chile 20 January 1981[15]
15  Malaysia 15 March 1982[16]
16  France 13 October 1982[17]
17  Peru 29 October 1983[18]
18  Portugal 15 November 1983[19]
19  Tuvalu March 1984[20]
20  Israel 21 May 1984[21]
21  Greece 1984[22]
22  India 7 August 1985[23]
23  Papua New Guinea Before 1986[24]
24  Marshall Islands 4 June 1988[25]
25  Federated States of Micronesia 9 December 1988[26]
26  Maldives 20 March 1989[27]
27  Singapore 7 September 1989[28]
28  Russia 5 September 1990[29]
29  Bangladesh Before 1995[30]
30  Nauru Before 1995[30]
—  Holy See 10 April 1995[31]
31  Palau 12 July 1995[32]
32  Italy 7 December 1995[33]
33  South Africa 30 August 1999[34]
34  Philippines 25 March 2000[35]
35  Ireland September 2000[36]
36  Morocco 21 March 2001[37]
37  Cuba 2 September 2002[38]
38   Switzerland 1 June 2004[39]
39  Austria 2004[40][41]
40  Thailand 29 June 2005[42]
41  Iceland 15 September 2005[43]
42  Mexico 13 October 2005[44]
43  Argentina 21 September 2006[45]
44  Czech Republic 27 June 2007[46]
45  Turkey 20 June 2008[47]
46  Brazil 21 September 2010[48]
47  Egypt 25 September 2010[49]
48  Finland 25 March 2011[50]
49  Spain 24 September 2011[43]
50  Gambia 27 September 2012[51]
51  Georgia 28 September 2012[52]
52  Sweden 28 September 2012[53]
53  Indonesia 8 May 2013[54]
—  Cook Islands 3 September 2013[55]
54  Lithuania 15 January 2014[43]
55  Mongolia 15 January 2014[43]
56  Montenegro 17 January 2014[43]
57  Kazakhstan 18 February 2014[43]
58  Kuwait 4 March 2014[43]
59  Monaco 20 June 2014[43]
60  Estonia 4 September 2014[56]
61  Vietnam 15 September 2014[43]
62  Poland 2 March 2015[57]
63  Latvia 10 April 2015[43]
64  Brunei 26 January 2016[58]
65  Qatar 28 March 2016[43]
66  Hungary 17 June 2016[43]
67  Croatia 26 August 2016[43]
68  Seychelles 27 February 2017[59]
69  Jordan 8 August 2017[60]
70  Dominica 22 January 2018[43]
71  Romania 9 July 2018[61]
72  Bahrain 25 September 2018[43]
73  Saint Lucia 25 September 2018[62]
74  Armenia 26 September 2018[63]
75  United Arab Emirates 13 January 2019[64]
76  Tajikistan 5 April 2019[43]
77  Norway 17 August 2019[65]
78  Kyrgyzstan 26 September 2019[43]
79  Nicaragua 17 May 2021[43]
80  Andorra 27 May 2021[43]
81  Pakistan 3 June 2021[43]
82  Slovenia 8 June 2021[43]
83  San Marino 20 August 2021[43]
84  Paraguay 20 October 2021[43]
85  Algeria 29 October 2021[66]
86  Jamaica 26 April 2022[67]
87  Malta 21 September 2022[43]
88  Saudi Arabia 18 December 2023[43]
89  Panama 30 January 2024[43]
90  Oman 2 July 2024[43]
91  Bulgaria 17 July 2024[43]
92    Nepal 17 July 2024[43]
93  Dominican Republic 18 July 2024[43]
94  Moldova 11 September 2024[43]
95  Guatemala 4 October 2024[68]
96  Belgium Unknown
97  Samoa Unknown
98  Tonga Unknown

Bilateral relations

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 12 July 1979
 China 25 June 1980, broke off 29 November 2003. Restored 27 September 2019.[70]
Main article: China–Kiribati relations
Kiribati President Taneti Mamau and Republic of China President Tsai Ing-wen in May 2016.

Kiribati firstly established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1980. At that time, Kiribati had been the home to a satellite tracking base for PRC space program from 1997 until 2003.[71] On 7 November 2003, Kiribati established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC). Although it did not sever ties with the PRC, expressing the intention to continue relations, Beijing suspended ties on 29 November after failed attempts to lobby President Anote Tong to change his mind.

On 9 January 2004, the ROC opened its embassy in Kiribati.[72] On 31 May 2013, Kiribati opened its embassy in Taipei. This was the first ever Kiribati embassy outside of Oceania. Teekoa Iuta became Kiribati's first ambassador to the country.[73] On 20 September 2019, Kiribati switched diplomatic relations from Taiwan to China, effectively cutting all relations to Taiwan.[74] Taiwanese Foreign Minister Joseph Wu said Beijing had used "dollar diplomacy" to influence the Kiribati government.[75]

On 15 July 2023, the Chinese military hospital ship “Peace Ark” made harbor at Tarawa, Kiribati, the first Chinese military vessel to visit Kiribati. The seven-day visit was to include humanitarian and medical assistance, part of China’s effort to build relationships in the region, and was to be followed by stops in Tonga, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and East Timor.[76][77]

 Cuba 2 September 2002[78]
Main article: Cuba–Kiribati relations

In the late 2000s, Kiribati began to strengthen its relations with Cuba. Cuba provides medical aid to Kiribati. There are currently sixteen doctors providing specialised medical care in Kiribati, with sixteen more scheduled to join them.[79] Cuban doctors have reportedly provided a dramatic improvement to the field of medical care in Kiribati, reducing the child mortality rate in that country by 80%[80] As of September 2008, over twenty I-Kiribati medical students are studying in Cuba, at Cuba's expense.[81][82]

In September 2008, President Anote Tong attended the first Cuba-Pacific Islands ministerial meeting in Havana. By meeting President Raúl Castro to discuss "mutual friendship and cooperation", he became the first Pacific leader to pay a state visit to Cuba.[81] The two countries signed an agreement on increased cooperation in the field of health.[83]

 France 3 December 1982, broke off 6 September 1995, Restored 6 February 1997
Main article: France–Kiribati relations

The two countries maintain official diplomatic relations, but no diplomatic presence on each other's territory; the French embassy in Suva is accredited to Kiribati.[84]

In 1995, Kiribati briefly suspended its diplomatic relations with France in protest against French nuclear tests at Mururoa in French Polynesia.[85]

 Georgia 28 September 2012
Main article: Georgia–Kiribati relations
  • Georgia is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Canberra, Australia.
 Germany 1 July 1980

German shipping companies opened a trade school for seamen in 1967. It exists until today. About I-Kiribati 5,000 seaman work for German shipping companies today.[86]

  • Kiribati has an honorary consul in Hamburg.
  • Germany has no embassy in Tarawa. The German embassy in Wellington is accredited for Kiribati.
 India 6 August 1985
Main article: India–Kiribati relations

Diplomatic relations between Kiribati and India were established on 6 August 1985.[87] At the Post Forum Dialogue partner meeting in 2006, India announced that it would provide a grant-in-aid of US$100,000 annually to each of the 14 Pacific Island countries, including Kiribati.[88] This was increased to US$125,000 from 2009.[89]

 Mexico 13 October 2005
  • Kiribati does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Kiribati from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[90]
 New Zealand 12 July 1979
  • Kiribati has an honorary consulate in Wellington.
  • New Zealand has a high commission in Tarawa.[91]
 South Korea 2 May 1980
Main article: Kiribati–South Korea relations

The Republic of Kiribati and the Republic of Korea have established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1980.

  • Kiribati and South Korea have nice diplomatic relations and others things.[92]
 United Kingdom 12 July 1979

Britain has long-standing historic links with Kiribati. The first British visitor to Kiribati was reputed to be Commodore John Byron in 1765, the immediate predecessor of James Cook's more famous explorations of the Pacific between 1769 and 1779. With the growth of the British settlement in Australia's New South Wales, whaling became a key element of the regional economy, and up to the 1870s British whalers were regular visitors to the waters surrounding Kiribati. Through its network of sovereign posts in the region (Fiji, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and Australia), the UK maintains bilateral programmes with Kiribati sponsored by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Department for Environment and Department for International Development and other government departments. The UK Government's engagement in Kiribati is largely delivered through the Commonwealth, the European Union and The Asian Development Bank.

 United States 12 August 1980
Main article: Kiribati–United States relations

Following its independence in 1979, Kiribati signed a treaty of friendship with the United States.[93] The United States Department of State characterizes U.S.–Kiribati relations as "excellent", as of 2009.[93] Diplomatic relations are conducted by the I-Kiribati Ambassador to the United States. Although the U.S. does not maintain a diplomatic office or consulate in Kiribati, staff from the American embassy in Suva, Fiji make frequent visits to Kiribati.[93] The U.S. provides economic development assistance through multilateral institutions.[93] From 1967 to 2008, the United States Peace Corps operated in Kiribati.[93]

Aid & Development

Kiribati receives development aid from the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Canada, USA, the Asian Development Bank, UN agencies and (until 2019) Taiwan. In recent years it has accounted for 20–25% of Kiribati's GDP. Recent projects and notable inputs by the EU have included telecommunications (improvement of telephone exchanges and provision of radio and navigation equipment), the development of seaweed as an export crop, solar energy systems for the outer islands, the upgrading of the Control Tower and fire fighting services at Tarawa's Bonriki International Airport, outer island social development, health services and extensive support for the Kiribati Vocational Training Programme. Additionally, Cuba provides doctors, as well as scholarships for I-Kiribati medical students.[81]

See also

References

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Daftar puding

Berikut adalah nama-nama puding beserta gambar dan asal negaranya. Daftar ini belum tentu lengkap. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. (March 2009) Daftar Ini adalah daftar dinamis, yang mungkin tidak dapat memuaskan standar tertentu untuk kelengkapan. Anda dapat membantu dengan mengembangkannya dengan menambahkan klaim yang diberikan sumber tepercaya. Nama Foto Asal Almond jelly Hong Kong Ashure Turki Asida Timur Tengah dan Indonesia Pudim Abade de Priscos Portugal Puding pis…

Guyancourt

Peta infrastruktur dan tata guna lahan di Komune Guyancourt.  = Kawasan perkotaan  = Lahan subur  = Padang rumput  = Lahan pertanaman campuran  = Hutan  = Vegetasi perdu  = Lahan basah  = Anak sungaiGuyancourtNegaraPrancisArondisemenVersaillesAntarkomuneCommunautéd'agglomérationde Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Guyancourt merupakan sebuah komune di pinggiran baratdaya Paris, Prancis. Terletak 21.2 km (13.2 mil) dari pusat kota Paris, di kota baru Saint-Q…

Slumberland (film)

2022 film by Francis Lawrence This article is about the 2022 film based on the comic. For the 1989 film, see Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland. SlumberlandOfficial release posterDirected byFrancis LawrenceScreenplay by David Guion Michael Handelman Based onLittle Nemoby Winsor McCayProduced by Peter Chernin Jenno Topping David Ready Francis Lawrence Starring Jason Momoa Marlow Barkley Chris O'Dowd Kyle Chandler Weruche Opia CinematographyJo WillemsEdited byMark YoshikawaMusic byPinar Toprak…

Alta, Utah

Artikel ini tidak memiliki kategori atau memiliki terlalu sedikit kategori. Bantulah dengan menambahi kategori yang sesuai. Lihat artikel yang sejenis untuk menentukan apa kategori yang sesuai.Tolong bantu Wikipedia untuk menambahkan kategori. Alta, UtahKotaArea Ski Alta, Februari 2011 BenderaLocation in Salt Lake County dan negara bagian Utah.Lokasi Utah di Amerika SerikatKoordinat: 40°34′51″N 111°38′14″W / 40.58083°N 111.63722°W / 40.58083; -111.63722Koordin…

Christian VII dari Denmark

Christian VIIPotret oleh Alexander Roslin, sekitar 1772Raja Denmark dan Norwegia (selengkapnya..) Berkuasa14 Januari 1766 – 13 Maret 1808Penobatan1 Mei 1767Kapel Istana ChristiansborgPendahuluFrederick VPenerusFrederick VIInformasi pribadiKelahiran(1749-01-29)29 Januari 1749Istana Christiansborg, KopenhagenKematian13 Maret 1808(1808-03-13) (umur 59)RendsburgPemakamanKatedral RoskildeWangsaOldenburgAyahFrederick V dari DenmarkIbuLouise dari Britania RayaPasanganCaroline Matilda d…

Castres

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Castres (homonymie). Ne doit pas être confondu avec Castres (Aisne) ou Castre. Castres Castres dite « La petite Venise du Languedoc » (vieilles maisons sur l'Agout). Blason Logo Administration Pays France Région Occitanie Département Tarn(sous-préfecture) Arrondissement Castres(chef-lieu) Intercommunalité Communauté d'agglomération de Castres-Mazamet(siège) Maire Mandat Pascal Bugis 2020-2026 Code postal 81100 Code commune 81065 Démographie …

Aída Román

Mexican archer (born 1988) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Román and the second or maternal family name is Arroyo. Aída RománRomán at the 2012 Summer OlympicsPersonal informationFull nameAída Nabila Román ArroyoNationalityMexicanBorn (1988-05-21) May 21, 1988 (age 35)Mexico City, MexicoHeight5 ft 6 in (168 cm)Weight134 lb (61 kg)SportCountry MexicoSportArcheryEventRecurveCoached bySong I WooAchievements and titlesHighes…

العلاقات اليمنية التنزانية

العلاقات اليمنية التنزانية اليمن تنزانيا   اليمن   تنزانيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات اليمنية التنزانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين اليمن وتنزانيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة اليمن …

Marvel Animation

Marvel AnimationLogo Sede centrale a Glendale, California Stato Stati Uniti Fondazione25 gennaio 2008 Sede principaleGlendale GruppoMarvel Studios (The Walt Disney Company) Persone chiave Eric Radomski (SVP, Studios) Cort Lane (SVP, Marvel Animation & Family Entertainment) Dan Buckley (presidente) SettoreIntrattenimento ProdottiAnimazione Sito webwww.marvel.com Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Marvel Animation, LLC è uno studio di animazione statunitense che realizza film e se…

Atomic Energy Act of 1954

United States federal law that covers nuclear materials and facilities Atomic Energy Act of 1954Long titleAn Act to amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, as amended, and for other purposes.Enacted bythe 83rd United States CongressEffectiveAugust 30, 1954CitationsPublic law83-703Statutes at Large68 Stat. 919CodificationActs amendedAtomic Energy Act of 1946Titles amended42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social WelfareU.S.C. sections amended42 U.S.C. ch. 14Legislative historyIntroduced…

Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima

1961 composition by Krzysztof Penderecki Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshimaby Krzysztof PendereckiAtomic cloud over Hiroshima, 1945Native nameTren pamięci ofiar HiroszimyFull titlePolish: Tren pamięci ofiar Hiroszimy na 52 instrumenty smyczkowe (Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for 52 string instruments)Year1961 (1961)PeriodContemporary, postmodernismGenreSonorism, avant-gardeStyleThrenodyFormOrchestral pieceDedicationVictims and Hibakusha of the atomic bombing of HiroshimaPublisher…

Kategoria e Parë 1961

Kategoria e Parë 1961 Competizione Kategoria e Parë Sport Calcio Edizione 24ª Organizzatore FSHF Luogo  Albania Partecipanti 10 Risultati Vincitore  Partizani Tirana(8º titolo) Retrocessioni Vllaznia, Tomori Statistiche Miglior marcatore Panajot Pano (17) Incontri disputati 90 Gol segnati 240 (2,67 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1960 1962-1963 Manuale La Kategoria e Parë 1961 fu la 24ª edizione della massima serie del campionato albanese di calcio concluso …

Enteogeno

Alcuni dei contenuti riportati potrebbero generare situazioni di pericolo o danni. Le informazioni hanno solo fine illustrativo, non esortativo né didattico. L'uso di Wikipedia è a proprio rischio: leggi le avvertenze. Un gruppo di Lophophora williamsii Il termine enteogeno è utilizzato generalmente per indicare particolari sostanze psicoattive, caratterizzate da un marcato effetto psichedelico o allucinogeno, che favoriscono esperienze mistiche e spirituali.[1][2][3]&…

Antoine de Lalouvère

Antoine de LalouvèreVeterum geometria promota in septem de cycloide libris, 1660BiographieNaissance 24 août 1600AuchDécès 2 septembre 1664 (à 64 ans)ToulouseActivité MathématicienAutres informationsOrdre religieux Compagnie de Jésusmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Antoine de Lalouvère (ou Antoine de Laloubère) né à Auch, Gers (France), le 24 août 1600 et décédé à Toulouse le 2 septembre 1664, est un prêtre jésuite français et mathématicien de renom. On tr…

中华人民共和国国家元首列表

  提示：此条目页的主题不是中華人民共和國最高領導人。 中华人民共和国 中华人民共和国政府与政治系列条目 执政党 中国共产党 党章、党旗党徽 主要负责人、领导核心 领导集体、民主集中制 意识形态、组织 以习近平同志为核心的党中央 两个维护、两个确立 全国代表大会 （二十大） 中央委员会 （二十届） 总书记：习近平 中央政治局 常务委员会 中央书记处 中…

Soros Fund Management

Private investment firm Soros Fund Management, LLCCompany typePrivateIndustryFinancial servicesFounded1970; 54 years ago (1970) in New York City, New York, U.S.FounderGeorge SorosHeadquartersNew York City, United StatesArea servedWorldwideKey people George Soros (chairman) Dawn Fitzpatrick (CEO) AUM$25 billionWebsitesorosfundmgmt.com Soros Fund Management, LLC is a privately held American investment management firm. It is currently structured as a family office, but formerly as…

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府與…

10-я пехотная дивизия (Российская империя)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. 10-я дивизия. У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. 13-я дивизия. У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. 17-я дивизия. 10-я пехотная дивизия Годы существования 5 февраля 1806 — 1918 Страна Российская империя Подчи…

Manfred Geisler

German footballer For the German sport shooter, see Manfred Geisler (sport shooter). You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (March 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate,…

Monsoon Shootout

2013 film written and directed by Amit Kumar Monsoon ShootoutFilm PosterDirected byAmit KumarWritten byAmit KumarProduced byGuneet MongaTrevor IngmanMartijn de Grunt Shahnaab AlamMeraj ShaikhStarringNawazuddin SiddiquiVijay VarmaTannishtha ChatterjeeNeeraj KabiGeetanjali ThapaSreejita DeCinematographyRajeev RaviEdited byAtanu MukherjeeEwa LindMusic bySongs:Rochak KohliViveick-MayurChinmay HarsheVikram-ChetanBackground score:Gingger ShankarAtif AfzalProductioncompaniesMoving PicturesYaffle FilmsS…

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