Frank J. Cannon

Frank J. Cannon
Frank J. Cannon
United States Senator; from Utah
	In office; January 22, 1896 – March 3, 1899
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	Thomas Kearns
Delegate to the; U.S. House of Representatives; from Utah Territory's at-large district
	In office; March 4, 1895 – January 4, 1896
Preceded by	Joseph L. Rawlins
Succeeded by	Clarence Emir Allen (Representative)
Personal details
Born	Frank Jenne Cannon; January 25, 1859; Great Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, U.S.
Died	July 25, 1933 (aged 74); Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Political party	Silver Republican ; Republican (previously)
Spouse(s)	Martha Brown (d. 1909) ; May Brown (m. 1909)
Children	Frank; Olive; Dorothy
Alma mater	University of Deseret

Frank Jenne Cannon (January 25, 1859 – July 25, 1933) was the first United States Senator from Utah, who served from 1896 to 1899.^[1]

Early life

Born in Salt Lake City, Cannon was the eldest child of Sarah Jenne Cannon and George Q. Cannon. His father was an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and later was a member of its First Presidency. After attending the school in Salt Lake City, Frank Cannon studied at University of Deseret, graduating at the age of 19. He married Martha Brown of Ogden in 1878.^[2]

Political career

In the string of events preceding the announcement of Wilford Woodruff in September, 1890 that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints would not sanction additional polygamist marriages, Cannon played a role in shuttling communications between the US Congress and Church leadership.^[3]

In 1891 he helped to organize the Utah Republican Party.^[2] After a failed bid to become delegate from the Utah Territory, he succeeded and served from March 4, 1895, to January 4, 1896. Cannon was chosen in 1896 to serve as senator by the Utah Legislature in spite of LDS church leadership favoring his father for the job. He served in the United States Senate, initially, as a member of the Republican Party; however, he later became a member of the Silver Republican Party, founded by his successor (and future employer at The Salt Lake Tribune) Thomas Kearns.^[2]

Cannon lost re-election in 1899. Utah's state legislators indicated they would not support Cannon for re-election shortly after the November 1898 elections. Cannon had voted against the Dingley Act, which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry.^[4] It was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy, who now opposed his re-election.^[4] Other factors were his support for Free Silver, rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington, DC, and the fact that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats.^[4]^[5] Alfred W. McCune, one of Salt Lake City's most prominent businessmen, sought and won the backing of the LDS Church in his bid for the seat.^[6] But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election. One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast, and no winner emerged.^[7] On February 18, a state representative accused McCune of trying to buy his vote.^[8] A seven-member legislative voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge,^[7]^[8] and although ballotting resumed on March 8 McCune still lacked enough votes to win office (he had only 25 votes).^[7]^[8] The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator,^[9]

Utah's U.S. Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901. The Republicans regained their majority in the state legislature in the election of 1900 and elected a wealthy mine owner Thomas Kearns to fill the seat.^[7] The election was still hotly disputed. Kearns received only 8 votes on the first ballot, and balloting continued for four more days.^[10] On January 22, Kearns won the election by a vote of 37-to-25 (with a unanimous block of Republican votes).^[10]^[11]

Cannon affiliated with the Democratic Party in 1900 and served as its state chairman 1902–1904.^[1]

Later life

After failing to be re-elected to the U.S. Senate by the Utah legislature, in part due to opposition by the Mormon hierarchy, Cannon worked as the editor of several newspapers, including The Salt Lake Tribune,^[2] the Ogden Herald (Ogden, Utah) and established the Ogden Standard in 1888.^[12] Between 1904 and 1911, Cannon consistently supported the anti-Mormon American Party in newspaper editorials.

Cannon later rejected Mormonism and wrote a book, with Harvey J. O'Higgins, called Under the Prophet in Utah exposing the rigidly hierarchical nature of the Mormon organization. The book denounced what the authors described as the "church" leadership's "absolutism" and "interference" in politics: "[Mormons] live under an absolutism. They have no more right of judgment than a dead body. Yet the diffusion of authority is so clever that nearly every man seems to share in its operation... and feels himself in some degree a master without observing that he is also a slave".^[13] The book details the negotiations Cannon participated in on Utah's behalf leading to statehood in exchange for official rejection of polygamy and LDS leadership's domination of civil politics during the 1890s, and the subsequent back-sliding he observed in the years following statehood.

During the last two decades of his life, he lectured against Mormonism and in support of "free silver" policies (as opposed to the Gold Standard). He died, at the age of 74, in Denver, in 1933.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b "Cannon, Frank J." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Godfrey, Kenneth (1994), "Cannon, Frank J.", Utah History Encyclopedia, University of Utah Press, ISBN 9780874804256, archived from the original on March 21, 2024, retrieved April 3, 2024
^ Lyman, Edward Leo (1994), "Manifesto (Plural Marriage)", Utah History Encyclopedia, University of Utah Press, ISBN 9780874804256, archived from the original on May 30, 2023, retrieved August 3, 2024, [T]he Cullom-Struble Bill . . . was on its way to passage when powerful Republican party leader James G. Blaine intervened to at least postpone it, with the stipulation that church leaders alter their stance on plural marriage. There was some indirect communication between Blaine and a former congressional friend, George Q. Cannon, First Counselor in the presidency of the LDS Church, through the latter's politically active son, Frank J. Cannon.
^ ^a ^b ^c Powell 1994, p. 70.
^ United States Congressional serial set. 1906. p. 860. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ Alexander 1996, p. 10.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Whitney, O.F. (1916). Popular History of Utah. p. 527. Retrieved January 3, 2017. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c United States Congressional serial set. 1906. p. 863. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ "UTAH WITH ONE SENATOR - Legislature Adjourns Sine Die Without Electing Cannon's Successor" (PDF). The New York Times. March 11, 1899. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Years. D. Appleton & Company. 1902. p. 771. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ Powell 1994, p. 158.
^ Eldredge, Michael S. (2016). "Fifty Years of Liberal and Conservative Newspaper Views in Ogden, Utah, 1870-1920". Utah Historical Quarterly. 84 (1): 26–47. doi:10.5406/utahhistquar.84.1.0026. ISSN 0042-143X. JSTOR 10.5406/utahhistquar.84.1.0026. S2CID 246573903.
^ Cannon, Frank Jeanne; O'Higgins, Harvey Jerrold (1911). Under the Prophet in Utah. Boston, Massachusetts: C. M. Clarke Publishing Company. Retrieved March 17, 2011.

Sources

Alexander, Thomas G. (1996). Mormonism in transition: a history of the Latter-Day Saints, 1890-1930 (Illini books ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois. ISBN 0252065786.
Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. D. Appleton & Company. 1902.
Elections, United States Congress Senate Committee on Privileges and (1905). Proceedings Before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests Against the Right of Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold His Seat ... [Jan. 16, 1904- ].
Powell, Allan Kent, ed. (1994), Utah History Encyclopedia, University of Utah Press, ISBN 9780874804256, archived from the original on August 11, 2023, retrieved April 3, 2024

External links

Works by Frank J. Cannon at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Frank J. Cannon at the Internet Archive
Finding aid author: Garrett Schroath. "Frank J. Cannon papers". Prepared for the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Provo, UT. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
Frank J. Cannon letter, MSS SC 2042 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Joseph L. Rawlins	Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from Utah Territory 1895–1896	Succeeded by statehood achieved
U.S. Senate
Preceded by None	U.S. senator (Class 1) from Utah 1896–1899 Served alongside: Arthur Brown, Joseph L. Rawlins	Succeeded by Thomas Kearns