French ship Souverain (1819)

	Decorative aft panel of Souverain, on display at Toulon naval museum
History
France
Namesake	"Sovereign"
Builder	Toulon
Laid down	1813
Launched	25 August 1819
Fate	Scrapped in 1905
General characteristics
Class and type	Océan class ship of the line
Displacement	5,095 tonnes
Tons burthen	2,700 tonnes
Length	65.18 m (213.8 ft) (196,6 French feet)
Beam	16.24 m (53.3 ft) (50 French feet)
Draught	8.12 m (26.6 ft) (25 French feet)
Propulsion	sail, 3 265 m²; 2400 shp steam engine (from 1853);
Complement	1 079 men
Armament	Rated as 120-gun:; lower deck: 32 36-pounder guns; middle deck: 34 24-pounder guns; upper deck: 34 18-pounder guns; forecastle: 18 8-pounder guns, 6 36-pounder carronades;

Souverain was an Océan type 118-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She was launched in 1819 and transformed into a steam ship in 1853.^[2]

Service history

Launched in 1819, Souverain was not commissioned before 16 April 1840. She then became the flagship of the Second Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, under the Captain Jouglas from 1841, and later under Captain Daguenet from 1842.^[2]

In 1842, the squadron patrolled the coast of Italy; a notable alumni of the cruise was then-Ensign Jean-Bernard Jauréguiberry.^[2]

Decommissioned after the cruise, Souverain was reactivated on 1 April 1846 to serve as the flagship of Joinville's escadre d’évolutions, with Captain Charner as flag officer. In July 1847, the squadron sailed to Tripoli on a background of tensions between France, Tripoli and Tunis.^[2]

In 1848, Admiral Charles Baudin relieved Joinville as head of the squadron. Baudin set his mark on Friedland, while Souverain, under Captain Le Barbier de Titian, remained as one of the strongest units of the squadron. She served off Italy, before returning to Toulon and being decommissioned on 18 November 1848.^[2]

From November 1853, engineer Sylvestre du Perron directed work on Souverain to add a 600-shp steam engine, after plans by Dupuy de Lôme, without lengthening the ship;^[3] Souverain started her new trials in June 1857, under Commander de Jouslard. In her new configuration, she still carried 110 guns. In 1862, she was reconfigured as a troopship for the Second French intervention in Mexico, with only 16 30-pounder long guns, under Captain Sévin. Souverain was listed in the reserve between 1863 and November 1866, when she took part in the French retreat from Mexico, under Captain Leblanc.^[2]

In February 1877, Souverain was recommissioned as a gunnery school, with a particular artillery and configuration to train gunners, comprising. She was under Captain Lefort from 1877 to 1878; Massias-Jurien de la Gravière from 1879 to 1880; Captain de Labarrière from 1881 to 1882; Alquier from 1883 to 1884; and Augey Dufresse in 1885. At this point, Couronne replaced her as school-ship for gunnery training, and she became a pontoon used as barracks for the Infanterie coloniale^[3] in Toulon.^[2]

Souverain in toulon as barracks hulk

Souverain as a hulk in Toulon harbour
Souverain as a hulk in Toulon harbour
Mars, Souverain and Eylau in Toulon harbour

Souverain was eventually sold for scrap and broken up in 1905.^[2]

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Roche, vol.1, p.421
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Mioque, Nicolas (2014-05-16). "Le Souverain (1819-1885)". Trois-Ponts! (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-25.
^ ^a ^b Demerliac, n°381, p.70

References

Demerliac, Alain (2004). La Marine de la Restauration et du Louis-Phillipe 1er: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1815 à 1848 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 2-906381-23-3.
Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 - 1870. p. 421. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
(in French) Le Souverain (1819 – 1885), Nicolas Mioque