Parts of this article (those related to recent history) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(April 2024)
Funafuti is the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu.[1][2] It has a population of 6,320 people (2017 census).[3] More people live in Funafuti than the rest of Tuvalu combined, with it containing approximately 60% of the nation's population. It consists of a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres (66 and 1,312 feet) wide, encircling a large lagoon (Te Namo) 18 km (11 miles) long and 14 km (9 miles) wide. The average depth of the Funafuti lagoon is about 20 fathoms (36.5 meters or 120 feet).[4] With a surface area of 275 square kilometres (106.2 sq mi), it is by far the largest lagoon in Tuvalu. The land area of the 33 islets around the atoll of Funafuti totals 2.4 square kilometres (0.9 sq mi); taken together, they constitute less than one percent of the total area of the atoll. Cargo ships can enter Funafuti's lagoon and dock at the port facilities on Fongafale.
The capital of Tuvalu is sometimes said to be Fongafale or Vaiaku, but, officially, the entire atoll of Funafuti is its capital,[5] since it has a single government that is responsible for the whole atoll.
The installed PV capacity in Funafuti in 2020 was 735 kW compared to 1800 kW of diesel (16% penetration).[6]
History
The oral history of Funafuti is that the founding ancestor came from Samoa.[7][8][9] The name of one of the islets, Funafala, means 'the pandanus of Funa' ("Funa" is a word meaning "chief" and is also found in the name of the atoll Funafuti).[10]
The first European to visit Funafuti was Arent Schuyler de Peyster. He was an American from New York, and captain of the armed brigantine or privateer vessel Rebecca, which was sailing under British colors.[11][12] In May 1819, de Peyster passed through the southern Tuvalu waters, and sighted Funafuti. He named it Ellice's Island, after an English politician, Edward Ellice, who was the member of parliament for Coventry and the owner of the Rebecca's cargo.[13]
In the 1850s, John (Jack) O'Brien became the first European to settle in Tuvalu. He became a trader on Funafuti and married Salai, the daughter of Funafuti's paramount chief;[15] with his family name continuing on Funafuti.[16]Alfred Restieaux, a native of England, lived and worked as a trader on Funafuti from July 1881 until about 1888 or 1889.[17][18]
George Westbrook, a trader based in Funafuti, recorded a tropical cyclone that struck Funafuti on 23–24 December 1883. At the time the cyclone struck, he was the lone inhabitant of Fongafale, because Tema, a Samoan missionary, had taken everyone else to Funafala to work on erecting a church. The cyclone destroyed the buildings in Fongafale, including the church and the trading stores belonging to George Westbrook and Alfred Restieaux. Little damage occurred at Funafala, however, and the people returned to rebuild at Fongafale.[20][21]
In 1892, Captain Edward Davis of HMS Royalist provided a report describing the traders and trading activities he observed on each of the islands he visited. Davis identified Jack O'Brien as a trader on Funafuti,[23] and O’Brien was also reported to be living on the atoll in 1896.[24]
In 1894 Count Rudolph Festetics de Tolna, his wife Eila (née Haggin), and her daughter Blanche Haggin visited Funafuti aboard the yacht Le Tolna.[25][26] The Count spent several days photographing men and woman of Funafuti.[27]
The population of Funafuti during the years 1860 to 1900 is estimated to have been between 280[28] and 300 people.[29] The Funafuti Post Office opened around 1911.[30]
In June 1996, the Funafuti Conservation Area was established along the western rim of the reef, encompassing six islets.[37] It has an area of 33 km2 (12 square miles), containing 20 per cent of the reef area of Funafuti. The land area of the six islets in the conservation area is 8 ha (20 acres). Below is a list of the islets in the conservation area, in order from north to south, with their estimated areas in hectares:
Tepuka Vilivili, 3
Fualopa, 2
Fuafatu, 0.2
Vasafua, 0.5
Fuakea, 1.5
Tefala, 1
Darwin's Drill
There is a site on Funafuti called Darwin's Drill, where boreholes were drilled in 1896, 1897 and 1898, by the Royal Society of London, as part of a scientific investigation designed to find out whether traces of shallow-water organisms could be found deep down in the coral. It was intended as a test of Charles Darwin's theory of coral atoll formation.[38][39] Professor Sollas, the leader of the 1896 expedition, published a report on the study of the atoll.[40] Professor Edgeworth David of the University of Sydney was a member of the 1896 expedition, and the leader of the 1897 expedition.[41][42] Photographers on the expeditions recorded people, communities and scenes at Funafuti.[43]
In respect of its role in testing the theory, Funafuti atoll was included by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022.[44]
In 1972, Funafuti lay in the path of Cyclone Bebe during the 1972–73 South Pacific cyclone season. Bebe was a pre-season tropical cyclone that hit the Gilbert, Ellice, and Fiji island groups.[45] The cyclone system was first spotted on 20 October. It intensified and grew in size through 22 October. At about 4 p.m. on Saturday the 21st, sea water bubbled through the coral on the airfield and rose to a height of about 5 feet (1.5 m). Cyclone Bebe continued to ravage the area through Sunday 22 October. The Ellice Islands Colony's ship Moanaraoi, which was in the lagoon, survived. However, three tuna boats were wrecked. Waves broke over the atoll. Five people died: two adults and a 3-month-old child were swept away by waves, and two sailors who had been in the wrecked tuna boats were drowned.[46] Cyclone Bebe knocked down 90% of the area's houses and trees. The storm surge created a wall of coral rubble along the ocean side of Fongafale and Funafala that was about 10 miles (16 km) long, and was about 10 feet (3.0 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) thick at the bottom.[46][47][48][49] The storm surge also destroyed or contaminated the area's sources of fresh drinking water.
Geography
Islands
There are at least 29 islets in the Funafuti atoll.[1] The largest is Fongafale, followed by Funafala. At least three of these islets are inhabited: Fongafale (the main island) in the east, Funafala in the south, and Amatuku in the north.
The district of Funafuti comprises nine villages on six islets, with four of the villages located on Fongafale. They and their populations as of the 2012 census are listed below:[3]
The Funafuti atoll's lagoon (Te Namo in Tuvaluan) is 24.5 km (151⁄4 miles) long, north to south, and 17.5 km (103⁄4 miles) wide, east to west, and has an area of 275 km2 (106 sq. mi.), making it by far the largest lagoon in the nation of Tuvalu. It is about 52 metres (28 fathoms) deep in some places, but only 6 metres (31⁄4 fathoms) deep in other places (because it has several submerged rocks and reefs along its bottom, some of which are that close the surface). The deepest basin is in the northern part of the lagoon (the maximum recorded depth is 54.7 metres [30 fathoms]), while the southern part of the lagoon has a very narrow, shallow basin.[50] The Funafuti Conservation Area is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) across the lagoon from the main island of Fongafale, and is accessed by boat.
Landmarks
Tausoa Lima Falekaupule is the traditional meeting house on Funafuti. Tausoalima means "hand of friendship" and Falekaupule means "traditional island meeting hall." There is the Funafuti Lagoon Hotel, and other guesthouses as well as homes, constructed both in the traditional manner, out of palm fronds, and more recently out of cement blocks. The most prominent building on Funafuti atoll is the Fētu'ao Lima (Morning Star Church) of the Church of Tuvalu.
Other sites of interest are the remains of Japanese aircraft that crashed on Funafuti during World War II. The airfield was constructed during World War II. It was adapted to serve as the Funafuti International Airport, which serves both as the airstrip for the flights from Fiji as well as providing a place for sporting and other recreational activities.
A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually at Fongafale on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008, with teams coming to Funafuti from the outer islands to compete in the games.[51]Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground on Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games and South Pacific Games.
Funafuti has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classificationAf). Because it experiences frequent cyclones, it is not considered to have an equatorial climate. It sees an extraordinary amount of rainfall throughout the year, being the fourth-wettest national capital in the world behind Monrovia, Freetown and Conakry. Unlike those West African capitals, Funafuti has no dry season: the town has no month in which less than 200 millimetres (7.9 in) rain falls, and an average of about 3,500 millimetres (140 in) of precipitation annually. As is common in many areas with a tropical rainforest climate, the temperature varies little during the year; average daily temperatures hover around 28 °C (82 °F) year-round.
Climate data for Funafuti 1981–2000 for temperature mean; 1936–2000 for temperature extremes; 1951–1990 for average precipitation; 1947–1990 for average precipitation days; 1961–1990 for average relative humidity; 1978–1990 for mean daily sunshine hours
Fiji Airways, the owner of Fiji Airlines (trading as Fiji Link) operates air transport services three times per week (on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday) between Suva and Funafuti. The flights originate in Nadi, and use ATR 72-600 aircraft, which can carry up to 68 passengers.
Fongafale has port facilities and two passenger/cargo ships, Nivaga III and Manu Folau, which make roundtrips between Fongafale and the outer islands about once every three or four weeks, and also travel between Suva, Fiji,[53] and Funafuti about three or four times a year.
In 2015 the Japanese government donated a ship, the Nivaga III, to Tuvalu, to replace the Nivaga II, which had served Tuvalu since 1989.[54]
Politics
The Funafuti Falekaupule is the local council, with the Kaupule as the executive of the Falekaupule.[55] On Fongafale, the Funafuti Kaupule is responsible for approvals of the construction of houses or extension to an existing buildings on private land and the Lands Management Committee is the responsible authority in relation to lands leased by Government.[56]
There are two junior schools, the Seventh Day Adventist Primary School and Nauti Primary School, which has a register of more than 900 pupils and is the largest primary school in Tuvalu (45 per cent of the total primary school enrollment).[60]
Sir Toaripi Lauti, GCMGPC (28 November 1928 – 25 May 2014): first Chief Minister of the Ellice Islands (from 2 October 1975 to 1 October 1978); first Prime Minister of Tuvalu (from 1 October 1978 to 8 September 1981); third Governor General of Tuvalu (from 1 October 1990 to 1 December 1993).
Sir Kamuta Latasi, KCMGOBEPCMP (born 1936): fourth Prime Minister of Tuvalu (from 1993 to 1996); Speaker of the Parliament of Tuvalu (2006 to September 2010, and December 2010 to March 2014).
^Talakatoa O'Brien (1983). Tuvalu: A History, Chapter 1, Genesis. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu.
^De Peyster, J. Watts 1821–1907. Military (1776–'79) transactions of Major, afterwards Colonel, 8th or King's foot, Arent Schuyler de Peyster (with details of the discovery of the Ellice and de Peyster Islands in the Pacific Ocean, in May, 1819). Reproduction of original in: Bibliotheque Nationale du Quebec. ISBN0665040512.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Laumua Kofe, Palagi and Pastors, Tuvalu: A History, Ch. 15, Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu, 1983
^Tyler, David B. – 1968 The Wilkes Expedition. The First United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society
^Resture, Jane. Hurricane 1883. Tuvalu and the Hurricanes: ‘Gods Who Die’ by Julian Dana as told by George Westbrook. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^Festetics De Tolna, Comte Rodolphe, Chez les cannibales: huit ans de croisière dans l'océan Pacifique à bord du, Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1903
^"The Aristocrat and His Cannibals" Count Festetics von Tolna's travels in Oceania, 1893–1896. musée du quai Branly. 2007.
^"Néprajzi Múzeum Könyvtára". The library of the Ethnographic Museum of Hungary. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
^Newton, W. F. (1967). "The Early Population of the Ellice Islands". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 76 (2): 197–204.
^Bedford, Richard; Macdonald, Barrie; Monro, Doug (1980). "Population Estimates for Kiribati and Tuvalu". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 89 (1): 199.
^Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
^McQuarrie, Peter (1994). Strategic atolls: Tuvalu and the Second World War. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury/ Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN0958330050.
^Sollas, William J. (1899). "Funafati: the study of a coral atoll". Natural Science. 14: 17–37.
^Branagan, D.F. (2005): T.W. Edgeworth David: A Life: Geologist, Adventurer and "Knight in the Old Brown Hat", National Library of Australia, Canberra, pp. 85–105. ISBN0 642 10791 2
^David, Mrs Edgeworth, Funafuti or Three Months on a Coral Atoll: an unscientific account of a scientific expedition, London: John Murray, 1899
^Photography Collection, University of Sydney Library
^Bureau of Meteorology (1975) Tropical Cyclones in the Northern Australian Regions 1971–1972 Australian Government Publishing Service
^ abResture, Jane (5 October 2009). Hurricane Bebe 1972. Tuvalu and the Hurricanes: 'The Hurricane in Funafuti, Tuvalu' by Pasefika Falani (Pacific Frank). Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^Baines, G.B.K., Beveridge, P.J. & Maragos, J.E. (1974). "Storms and island building at Funafuti Atoll, Ellice Islands". Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Coral Reef Symposium.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^2012 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Analytical Report (April 2013). "Tuvalu: Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework – Improving Quality of Education"(PDF). Ministry of Education and Sports, and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development from the Government of Tuvalu; and the United Nations System in the Pacific Islands. Archived from the original(PDF) on 13 February 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Richard HelmsBiografiKelahiran30 Maret 1913 Philadelphia Kematian22 Oktober 2002 (89 tahun)Washington, D.C. Penyebab kematianSel mieloma Tempat pemakamanPermakaman Nasional Arlington, Section 7, grave 8142-1 38°52′38″N 77°04′13″W / 38.877232°N 77.070247°W / 38.877232; -77.070247 Daftar duta besar Amerika Serikat untuk Iran 5 April 1973 – 1r Januari 1977 Direktur CIA 30 Juni 1966 – 2 Februari 1973 ← Wil…
Laure 2015Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Laureano Sanabria RuizTanggal lahir 22 Maret 1985 (umur 38)Tempat lahir Madrid, SpanyolTinggi 1,66 m (5 ft 5 in)Posisi bermain Bek kananInformasi klubKlub saat ini Deportivo La CoruñaNomor 15Karier junior Real MadridKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2005–2006 Real Madrid C 34 (0)2006–2007 Leganés 32 (0)2007–2008 Deportivo B 25 (0)2007– Deportivo La Coruña 95 (2) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga d…
Komatsu LAV Sebuah Komatsu LAV ditampilkan dengan penanda Brigade Penerjun Ke-1 Jenis Light armored vehicle Negara asal Japan Sejarah pemakaian Masa penggunaan 2002-sekarang Digunakan oleh Jepang Pada perang Perang Irak Sejarah produksi Tahun 1997[1] Produsen Komatsu Biaya produksi ¥30 Juta[2] Spesifikasi Berat 4500 kg Panjang 4.4 m Lebar 2.04 m Tinggi 1.85 m Awak 4+1 (operator MG atau ATGM) Senjatautama Bisa menggotong Sumitomo M249 LMG atau senap…
Seorang pemuda hikikomori di Jepang, 2004. Hikikomori (引きこもり, ひきこもり, atau 引き籠もりcode: ja is deprecated , arti harfiah: menarik diri, mengurung diri) adalah istilah Jepang untuk fenomena di kalangan remaja atau dewasa muda di Jepang yang menarik diri dan mengurung diri dari kehidupan sosial. Istilah hikikomori merujuk kepada fenomena sosial secara umum sekaligus sebutan untuk orang-orang yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok sosial ini. Menurut Kementerian Kesehatan, Tenaga…
Biografi ini tidak memiliki sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak dapat dipastikan. Bantu memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus.Cari sumber: H. S. Dillon – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) H.S. DillonLahirHarbrinderjit Singh Dillon(1945-04-…
Bagian dari seriGereja Katolik menurut negara Afrika Afrika Selatan Afrika Tengah Aljazair Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Chad Eritrea Eswatini Etiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guinea Khatulistiwa Jibuti Kamerun Kenya Komoro Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagaskar Malawi Mali Maroko Mauritania Mauritius Mesir Mozambik Namibia Niger Nigeria Pantai Gading Republik Demokratik Kongo Republik Kongo Rwanda Sao Tome dan Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland Sud…
Stazione Spaziale Internazionale Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) è il programma commerciale della NASA per il trasporto di merci alla Stazione spaziale internazionale.[1] Le azienda vincitrici della Fase 1 del programma (CRS-1) furono la SpaceX e la Orbital Sciences Corporation (dal 2018 Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems), che si aggiudicarono rispettivamente 12 e 8 missioni, poi estese a 20 e 11 missioni.[2][3] Queste missioni ebbero luogo tra ottobre 2012 e marzo …
LG dan Life's Good dialihkan ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat LG (disambiguasi) dan Life Is Good (disambiguasi). Artikel ini memerlukan pemutakhiran informasi. Harap perbarui artikel dengan menambahkan informasi terbaru yang tersedia. LG Corporation주식회사 LGSebelumnyaLucky-Goldstar (1983–1995)JenisPublikKode emitenKRX: 003550IndustriKonglomeratDidirikan5 Januari 1947; 77 tahun lalu (1947-01-05)PendiriKoo In-hwoiKantorpusatSeoul, Korea SelatanWilayah operasiSeluruh duniaTok…
David HawkinsFoto pengenal Los Alamos milik David HawkinsLahir(1913-02-28)28 Februari 1913El Paso, TexasMeninggal24 Februari 2002(2002-02-24) (umur 88)Boulder, ColoradoKebangsaanAmericanDikenal atasTeorema Hawkins–SimonLatar belakang akademisAlma materUniversitas StanfordUniversitas California, BerkeleyTesisA Causal Interpretation of Probability (Interpretasi Kausal dari Probabilitas)Karya akademisLembagaUniversitas George WashingtonUniversitas Colorado David Hawkins (28 Februari 1913…
Kapal Patroli milik POLRI. Kejahatan hadir dalam berbagai bentuk di Indonesia dan diancam dengan cara seperti hukuman mati, denda dan/atau penjara. Kejahatan berdasarkan jenis Kejahatan terhadap orang asing di Indonesia Tindak pidana ringan yang meliputi pencurian begal dan pencopetan, ada di Indonesia, biasanya terjadi di lokasi yang ramai. Taksi penipuan umum terjadi di Indonesia, di mana taksi palsu dianggap sebagai taksi asli. Pelancong asing sering tertipu oleh tipu daya ini, dan akhirnya d…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2023. Rubyروبيرانيا حسين محمد توفيقInformasi latar belakangNama lahirRania Hussein Muhammad Taufiqرانيا حسين محمد توفيقNama lainRubyLahir8 Oktober 1981 (umur 42)Kairo, MesirGenreMusik ArabPekerjaanaktrispenyanyiTahu…
Batang TembesiSungai Tembesi, Tembesi RiverKapal sedang berlayar di Sungai Batang Tembesi sekitar tahun 1939.Lokasi mulut sungaiTampilkan peta SumatraBatang Tembesi (Indonesia)Tampilkan peta IndonesiaLokasiNegaraIndonesiaProvinsiJambiCiri-ciri fisikHulu sungaiGunung Masurai - lokasiKabupaten Merangin Muara sungaiBatang Hari - lokasiKabupaten BatanghariInformasi lokalZona waktuWIB (UTC+7)GeoNames1624221 Batang Tembesi adalah sungai di provinsi Jambi, pulau Sumatra, Indonesia, …
Kontrak berjangka atau juga dikenal dengan sebutan futures contract dalam dunia keuangan merupakan suatu kontrak standard yang diperdagangkan pada bursa berjangka, untuk membeli ataupun menjual aset acuan dari instrumen keuangan pada suatu tanggal dimasa akan datang, dengan harga tertentu. Tanggal dimasa akan datang tersebut disebut dengan istilah tanggal penyerahan atau dikenal juga dengan istilah delivery date atau tanggal penyelesaian akhir (final settlement date). Harga tertentu disebut deng…
Bagian dari seriSosialisme Perkembangan Sejarah sosialisme Perdebatan kalkulasi sosialis Ekonomi sosialis Gagasan Penghitungan dalam barang Kepemilikan kolektif Koperasi Kepemilikan bersama Demokrasi ekonomi Perencanaan ekonomi Kesetaraan kesempatan Asosiasi bebas Demokrasi industri Model masukan-keluaran Internasionalisme Kupon kerja Keseimbangan material Ekonomi sejawat ke sejawat(Ekonomi berbagi) Produksi untuk penggunaan Kepemilikan negara Manajemen mandiri Dividen sosial Kepemilikan sosial …
Kieran Dowell Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Kieran O'Neill Dowell[1]Tanggal lahir 10 Oktober 1997 (umur 26)Tempat lahir Ormskirk, InggrisPosisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini EvertonNomor 51Karier junior2005– EvertonKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2014– Everton 0 (0)Tim nasional‡2012 Inggris U-16 1 (0)2013–2014 Inggris U-16 7 (0)2014– Inggris U-18 1 (0) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik dan akurat per 11 Desember 2…
United ArtistsUnited Artists CorporationUnited Artists Pictures, Inc.United Artists Films, Inc.United Artists Entertainment, LLCJenisStudio filmIndustriFilm, MusikDidirikan5 Februari 1919PendiriMary PickfordCharlie ChaplinDouglas FairbanksD. W. GriffithDitutup31 Desember 2019KantorpusatMGM Tower, Century City, Los AngelesTokohkunciPaula WagnerTom CruiseProdukFilmPemilikMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc.IndukIndependen (1919–1967)Transamerica (1967–1981)MGM/UA Entertainment Co. (1981–1986)MG…
Sarah Bernhardt fotografata da Nadar nel 1864. Sarah Bernhardt, nata Henriette Rosine Bernard[1] (Parigi, 22 ottobre 1844 – Parigi, 26 marzo 1923), è stata una celebre attrice teatrale e cinematografica francese. Soprannominata La voix d'or (La voce d'oro) e La divina, Sarah Bernhardt è considerata una delle più grandi attrici teatrali del XIX secolo. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Vita privata 3 Teatro 4 Filmografia 4.1 Attrice 4.2 Sceneggiatrice 5 Opere 6 Onorificenze 7 Nella cultura di mas…