Anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Guinea[5][6]
Insignia
GRUMEC Brief
Military unit
The Combat Divers Group (Portuguese: Grupamento de Mergulhadores de Combate), abbreviated to GRUMEC, is a special operations and counterterrorism unit of the Brazilian Navy. Their main attributions include tasks such as reconnaissance, sabotage, hostage rescue and the elimination of targets of strategic value in maritime and riverine environments.
Subordinate to the Submarine Force Command, GRUMEC teams can be deployed from one of the Navy's vessels as well as via rotary-wing and fixed-wing aircraft, mini-submarines, kayaks, via diving or in inflatable boats that can be launched from the submarine while it is still under water.[7]
A member of the force is known as a "MEC", which is an abbreviation of "mergulhador de combate", meaning "combat diver".
History
GRUMEC operators during ASPIRANTEX 2019.
GRUMEC's history dates back to 1964, when two officers and two seamen of the Brazilian Navy passed the US's UDT-SEALs course. From their experience, the Divisão de Mergulhadores de Combate (Combat Divers Division) was created in 1970 at the Almirante Castro e Silva Base. Two years later, two officers and three seamen were sent to France, where they passed the "Nageurs de Combat" course. Mixing the French techniques, which focused on diving, with the American doctrine, which also emphasized land operations, the Curso Especial de Mergulhador de Combate (Special Combat Diver Course) was created in 1974, at what is now the Centro de Instrução e Adestramento Almirante Áttila Monteiro Aché (CIAMA).[8]
With the increasing demand for combat divers that followed, this Combat Divers Division was transformed into the Grupo de Mergulhadores de Combate (Combat Divers Group) in 1983, becoming subordinate to the Submarine Force Command. On 12 December 1997, the Grupamento de Mergulhadores de Combate (Combat Divers Group) was created, being activated in the 10th of March 1998.[1]
The Brazilian Navy Combat Diver's indoctrination and training methods are similar to other combat diver units such as the AmericanSEALs, British SBS (Special Boat Service) or the Commando Hubert of the French Navy Commandos Marine.
For officers of the Navy, the initial requirements include passing medical and psychological examinations, testing in a recompression chamber and arduous physical tests. The call CAMECO (Enhancement Course of Combat Diver for Officers) lasts 46 weeks, is divided into four phases and aims to enable the military to operate diving equipment, weapons, explosives, tactics and techniques used for unconventional warfare and conflict low intensity, enabling them to perform, in short, the various types of Special Operations. Officers, of course, special emphasis is given to planning operations, but as a whole, the materials include: physical training and military defense; hygiene and first aid campaign, self-contained open-circuit, fighting techniques, riverine operations, demolition, weapons, communications, shore reconnaissance, submarine special operations, military planning process and case study, contemporary management, leadership; introduction to microcomputers, communications system of the Navy, and Intelligence.
For enlisted (corporals or male sergeants with less than 30 years of age and able to reenlist), there is a C-ESP-MEC - Combat Divers Special Course, whose requirements for admission are the same as CAMECO. The duration is 45 weeks of instructional activities also drawn as to the officers, but those who endure the enormous physical and mental pressure of the course will be adequately prepared for the specialized tasks assigned to MECS. GRUMEC training is the longest among Brazilian special operations forces.[8][9]
C-ESP-MEC is divided in three steps, named Alpha, Bravo and Charlie.
Step Alpha (17 weeks): 13 weeks of physical training plus 4 weeks of physical training mixed with open circuit diving training.[8]
Step Bravo (22 weeks): 11 weeks involving physical training, hygiene and first aid and personal defense as well as theoretical courses on communications, combat techniques, demolition and armaments. In this phase, candidates begin their training on land special operations exercises, being submitted to extreme physical and psychological hardships and requiring the attributes of combat leadership, esprit de corps, objectivity, improvisation and decision-making when subjected to high risks or stress. The weather is always kept as close as possible to what would be found in a real operational situation. The other 11 weeks see the candidates being taught courses such as physical training, personal defense, combat techniques, submarine special operations, including closed circuit diving, and amphibious operations.[8]
Step Charlie (6 weeks): Considered an "advanced internship", this step involves training in riverine operations in the Amazon or Pantanal, and mountain warfare training in São João Del Rey. Candidates will also head to Manaus to take the Army's Jungle Survival Internship at the Centro de Instrução de Guerra na Selva (CIGS), as well as other similar courses.[8]
One of the last tests for GRUMEC candidates involves a 16 km swim, to be taken in pairs and using sidestroke, from Ilha Grande to Angra dos Reis. The pair of swimmers, meant to motivate each other during the crossing, is the inspiration for the GRUMEC unit pin depicting two sharks.[10]
After graduating the course, the sailor is called to serve in GRUMEC, where he has a full complement of training program and conduct advanced courses and internships in various areas such as deactivation of explosive devices (EOD), basic skydiving (static line jump), jumpmaster, HALO jump, HALO jumpmaster, precursor paratrooper (PREC), folding, maintenance and supplies by air (DOMPSA) stage basic mountaineering course in jungle operations, operational stage in the Pantanal, stage sniper (sniper), among others.
Attributions
MECs conduct boarding demonstrations during Operation Guinex III.
Often operating out of the Navy's vessels, GRUMEC is present in most of the fleet's activities. Domestically, the group often takes part in training exercises that involve boarding vessels and oil platforms, as well as riverine operations in the Pantanal and Amazon.[1]
GRUMEC took part in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Haiti and Lebanon. In the Brazilian Navy's contribution to the UNIFIL Maritime Task Force, the operators were responsible for boarding potentially armed vessels entering Lebanese territorial waters and instructing the Lebanese Navy on how to perform these types of operations.[4][3]
The group often trains alongside other frogman units from friendly countries, such as other Latin American operators or in Joint Combined Exchange Trainings (JCETs) with the U.S. Navy SEALs.[12][13][14][15][16]
Structure
Though largely classified, GRUMEC is reportedly composed of three special operations divisions, responsible for conducting activities such as special reconnaissance and direct action, and one Special Rescue and Recovery Group, designated as GERR-MEC (Grupo Especial de Retomada e Resgate - Mergulhador de Combate), responsible for high-complexity operations such as hostage rescue in environments such as ships and oil rigs.
MECs may only join GERR-MEC after having years of experience in the unit.[17][18]
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