Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B

F-111B
White variable geometry-wing jet aircraft landing on carrier
F-111B, BuNo 151974, approaching USS Coral Sea in July 1968
Role Interceptor
National origin United States
Manufacturer General Dynamics and Grumman
First flight 18 May 1965
Primary user United States Navy
Number built 7
Developed from General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark

The General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B was a long-range carrier-based interceptor aircraft planned as a follow-on to the F-4 Phantom II for the United States Navy (USN).

The F-111B was developed during the 1960s by General Dynamics in conjunction with Grumman for the U.S. Navy as part of the joint Tactical Fighter Experimental (TFX) with the United States Air Force (USAF) to produce a common fighter for the services that could perform a variety of missions. It incorporated innovations such as variable-geometry wings, afterburning turbofan engines, and a long-range radar and missile weapons system.

Designed in parallel with the F-111 "Aardvark", which was adopted by the Air Force as a strike aircraft, the F-111B suffered development issues and changing Navy requirements for an aircraft with maneuverability for dogfighting. The F-111B was not ordered into production and the F-111B prototypes were used for testing before being retired. The planned F-111B was replaced by the smaller and lighter Grumman F-14 Tomcat, which carried over the AWG-9/Phoenix weapons system, engines, and a similar swing-wing configuration.

Development

Background

Main article: General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark § Development

The F-111B was part of the 1960s TFX program. The USAF's Tactical Air Command (TAC) was largely concerned with the fighter-bomber and deep strike/interdiction roles; their version of the aircraft would be a follow-on to the F-105 Thunderchief fighter-bomber. In June 1960, the USAF issued a specification for a long-range interdiction and strike aircraft able to penetrate Soviet air defenses at very low altitudes and very high speeds to deliver tactical nuclear weapons against crucial targets.[1]

Meanwhile, the U.S. Navy sought a long-range, high-endurance interceptor to defend its aircraft carrier battle groups against long-range anti-ship missiles launched from Soviet jet bombers, such as the Tupolev Tu-16, Tupolev Tu-22, and Tupolev Tu-22M, along with submarines. The Navy needed a Fleet Air Defense (FAD) aircraft with a more powerful radar, and longer range missiles than the F-4 Phantom II to intercept both enemy bombers and missiles.[2]

Tactical Fighter Experimental (TFX)

The Air Force and Navy requirements appeared to be different. However, on 14 February 1961, the new U.S. Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, formally directed that the services study the development of a single aircraft that would satisfy both requirements. Early studies indicated the best option was to base the Tactical Fighter Experimental (TFX) on the Air Force requirement and a modified version for the Navy.[3] In June 1961, Secretary McNamara ordered the go ahead on TFX despite Air Force and Navy efforts to keep their programs separate.[4]

The USAF and the Navy could only agree on swing-wing, two seat, twin engine design features. The USAF wanted a tandem seat aircraft for low level penetration, while the Navy wanted a shorter, high altitude interceptor with side by side seating.[3] Also, the USAF wanted the aircraft designed for 7.33 g with Mach 2.5 speed at altitude and Mach 1.2 speed at low level with a length of approximately 70 ft (21 m). The Navy had less strenuous requirements of 6 g with Mach 2 speed at altitude and high subsonic speed (approx. Mach 0.9) at low level with a length of 56 ft (17.1 m).[3][5] The Navy also wanted a 48-inch (120 cm) radar dish for long range and a maximum takeoff weight of 50,000 pounds (23,000 kg).[6] So McNamara developed a basic set of requirements for TFX based largely on the Air Force's requirements. He changed to a 36-inch (91 cm) dish for compatibility and increased the maximum weight to approximately 60,000 lb (27,200 kg) for the Air Force version and 55,000 lb (24,900 kg) for the Navy version. Then on 1 September 1961 he ordered the USAF to develop it.[5][6]

A request for proposal (RFP) for the TFX was provided to industry in October 1961. In December of that year Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed, McDonnell, North American and Republic submitted their proposals. The proposal evaluation group found all the proposals lacking, but the best should be improved with study contracts. Boeing and General Dynamics were selected to enhance their designs. Three rounds of updates to the proposals were conducted with Boeing being picked by the selection board. Instead Secretary McNamara selected General Dynamics' proposal in November 1962 due to its greater commonality between Air Force and Navy TFX versions. The Boeing aircraft versions shared less than half of the major structural components. General Dynamics signed the TFX contract in December 1962. A Congressional investigation followed but did not change the selection.[7]

Design phase

Black-and-white photo of jet aircraft flying above scattered clouds with wings swept back.
F-111B, BuNo 151970 in flight over Long Island, New York, in 1965

The Air Force F-111A and Navy F-111B variants used the same airframe structural components and TF30-P-1 turbofan engines. They featured side by side crew seating in an escape capsule as required by the Navy, versus individual ejection seats. The F-111B's nose was 8.5 feet (2.59 m) shorter due to its need to fit on existing carrier elevator decks, and had 3.5 feet (1.07 m) longer wingspan to improve on-station endurance time. The Navy version would carry an AN/AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler radar and six AIM-54 Phoenix missiles. The Air Force version would carry the AN/APQ-113 attack radar and the AN/APQ-110 terrain-following radar and air-to-ground ordnance.[8]

Lacking experience with carrier-based fighters, General Dynamics teamed with Grumman for assembly and test of the F-111B aircraft. In addition, Grumman would also build the F-111A's aft fuselage and the landing gear. The first test F-111A was powered by YTF30-P-1 turbofans and used a set of ejection seats, since the escape capsule was not yet available.[8] It first flew on 21 December 1964.[9] The first F-111B was also equipped with ejection seats and first flew on 18 May 1965.[10] To address stall issues in certain parts of the flight regime, the F-111's engine inlet design was modified in 1965–66, ending with the "Triple Plow I" and "Triple Plow II" designs.[11] The F-111A achieved a speed of Mach 1.3 in February 1965 with an interim intake design.[8][11]

F-111B

F-111Bs, BuNo 151970 and 151971, over Long Island during testing

The weight goals for both F-111 versions proved to be overly optimistic.[12] Excessive weight plagued the F-111B throughout its development. The prototypes were far over the requirement weight. Design efforts reduced airframe weight but were offset by the addition of the escape capsule. The additional weight made the aircraft underpowered. Lift was improved by changes to the wing control surfaces. A higher thrust version of the engine was planned.[13]

With the F-111B program in distress, Grumman began studying improvements and alternatives. In 1966, the Navy awarded Grumman a contract to begin studying advanced fighter designs. Grumman narrowed down these designs to its Model 303 design.[14] With this the F-111B's end appeared near by mid-1967.[15] During March 1968 congressional hearings for the aircraft, Vice Admiral Thomas F. Connolly, then Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Air Warfare, responded to a question from Senator John C. Stennis as to whether a more powerful engine would cure the aircraft's woes, saying, "There isn't enough power in all Christendom to make that airplane what we want!"[16] By May 1968 both Armed Services committees of Congress voted not to fund production and in July 1968 the DoD ordered work stopped on F-111B.[17] A total of seven F-111Bs were delivered by February 1969.[18]

Replacement

The F-14 that Grumman proposed as a replacement for the F-111B, was designed around the same engine/radar/missile combination.

The F-111B's replacement eventually entered service as the Grumman F-14 Tomcat. It was derived from Grumman's initial Model 303 design and reused the TF30 engines from the F-111B, though the Navy planned on replacing them with an improved engine later.[19] While it was lighter than the F-111B, it was still the largest and heaviest U.S. fighter to takeoff and land from an aircraft carrier.[20] Its size was a consequence of the requirement to carry the large AWG-9 radar and AIM-54 Phoenix missiles, both from the F-111B, while exceeding the F-4's maneuverability.[21] While the F-111B was armed only for the interceptor role, the Tomcat incorporated an internal M61 Vulcan cannon, provisions for Sidewinder and Sparrow air-to air missiles, and provisions for bombs.[22][23] While the F-111B did not reach service, land-based, non-fighter F-111 variants were in service with the U.S. Air Force for many years, and with the Royal Australian Air Force until 2010.

Design

The F-111B was an all-weather interceptor aircraft intended to defend U.S. Navy carrier battle groups against bombers and anti-ship missiles.[24] The F-111 features variable geometry wings, an internal weapons bay and a cockpit with side by side seating. The cockpit is part of an escape crew capsule.[25] The wing sweep varies between 16 degrees and 72.5 degrees (full forward to full sweep).[26] The airframe consisted mostly of aluminum alloys with steel, titanium and other materials also used.[27] The fuselage is a semi-monocoque structure with stiffened panels and honeycomb sandwich panels for skin.[26][27] The F-111B was powered by two Pratt & Whitney TF30 afterburning turbofan engines and included the AN/AWG-9 radar system for controlling the AIM-54 Phoenix air-to-air missiles.[28] Poor visibility over the nose made the aircraft more difficult to handle for carrier operations.[29]

The F-111 offered a platform with the range, payload, and Mach-2 performance to intercept targets quickly, but with swing wings and turbofan engines, it could also loiter on station for long periods. The F-111B would carry six AIM-54 Phoenix missiles, its main armament. Four of the Phoenix missiles mounted on wing pylons and two in the weapons bay.[24] The missile pylons added significant drag when used.[29]

Operational history

F-111B, BuNo 151974, being launched from USS Coral Sea in July 1968. It was the only F-111B to perform carrier operational trials.

Flight testing

Flight tests on the F-111B continued at NAS Point Mugu, California and NAWS China Lake, California even after the program had been terminated.[10] In July 1968, the pre-production F-111B Bureau Number 151974, was used for carrier trials aboard USS Coral Sea. The evaluation was completed without issue.[30]

Hughes continued Phoenix missile system development with four F-111Bs.[30] In all, two F-111Bs were lost in crashes and a third seriously damaged.[18] The F-111B's last flight was with 151792 from California to New Jersey in mid-1971. The seven F-111Bs flew 1,748 hours over 1,173 flights.[30]

Variants

F-111B numbers 1 to 3 were initial prototypes; and No. 4 and 5 were prototypes with lightened airframes.[31] No. 6 and 7 had lightened airframes and improved TF30-P-12 engines and were built to near production standard.[31] These were also approximately 2 feet (0.6 metres) longer due to an added section between the cockpit and radome.[32] The first five aircraft included Triple Plow I intakes. The last two had Triple Plow II intakes.[33] The first three B-models were fitted with ejection seats and the remainder included the escape crew capsule.[34]

List of F-111Bs[31][35][36]
Number Serial number Description Location or fate
1 151970 Prototype with heavy airframe, TF30-P-3 engines After flight test use was scrapped in December 1969.
2 151971 Prototype with heavy airframe, TF30-P-3 engines Used for Hughes missile testing. Lost in a crash on 11 September 1968.
3 151972 Prototype with heavy airframe, TF30-P-3 engines Was damaged and retired. Was used for jet blast testing at NATF, NAES Lakehurst, NJ and was probably scrapped there.
4 151973 Prototype with lightened airframe, TF30-P-3 engines Destroyed in double engine failure crash on 21 April 1967.
5 151974 Prototype with lightened airframe, TF30-P-3 engines Crash landed at NAS Point Mugu, CA in October 1968. Was dismantled at NAS Moffett Field, CA in 1970.
6 152714 Pre-production version, TF30-P-12 engines Used for Hughes missile tests. Retired in 1969. Removed from inventory in 1971 and used for parts. Was photographed in 2008 in a Mojave, California scrapyard.[37]
7 152715 Pre-production version, TF30-P-12 engines Retired and stored at NAWS China Lake, CA (awaiting restoration).[38]
An F-111B on the deck of an aircraft carrier being towed.
F-111B, BuNo 151974, on USS Coral Sea in July 1968. It crash-landed at NAS Point Mugu, California on 11 October 1968 and was subsequently scrapped.

Operators

 United States

Specifications (F-111B pre-production)

A line drawing of the F-11B showing front, top, and side view.
A F-111B on support inside a large wind tunnel
F-111B, BuNo 151974, at NAS Moffett Field, California during full-scale wind tunnel flight control tests
The first pre-production F-111B 152714 in storage at Davis Monthan AFB in 1971

For pre-production aircraft #6 & #7:

Data from Thomason,[39] Miller,[40] Logan[41]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2 (pilot and weapons system operator)
  • Length: 68 ft 10 in (20.98 m)
  • Height: 15 ft 9 in (4.80 m)
  • Airfoil: NACA 64-210.68 root, NACA 64-209.80 tip
  • Empty weight: 46,100 lb (20,910 kg)
  • Gross weight: 79,000 lb (35,800 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 88,000 lb (39,900 kg)
  • Wing span:
    • Spread: 70 ft (21.3 m)
    • Swept: 33 ft 11 in (10.34 m)
  • Wing area:
    • Spread: 655.5 ft2 (60.9 m2)
    • Swept: 550 ft2 (51.1 m2)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-3 turbofans, 10,750 lbf (47.8 kN) thrust each dry, 18,500 lbf (82 kN) with afterburner

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 1,450 mph (2,330 km/h, 1,260 kn)
  • Maximum speed: Mach 2.2
  • Range: 2,100 mi (3,390 km, 1,830 nmi) ; with 6 AIM-54 missiles and 23,000 lb fuel internal
  • Ferry range: 3,200 mi (5,150 km, 2,780 nmi) ; with 2 x 450 gal external tanks
  • Service ceiling: 65,000 ft (19,800 m)
  • Rate of climb: 21,300 ft/min (108 m/s)
  • Thrust/weight: 0.47
  • Wing loading:
    • Spread: 120 lb/ft2 (586 kg/m2)
    • Swept: 144 lb/ft2 (703 kg/m2)

Armament

  • Guns: 1× M61 Vulcan 20 mm (0.787 in) Gatling cannon (seldom fitted)
  • Hardpoints: 6 underwing pylons for ordnance and external fuel tanks
  • Missiles: 6 × AIM-54 Phoenix long range air-air missiles (four under wings, two in weapons bay)

Avionics

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Citations

  1. ^ Gunston 1978, pp. 12–13.
  2. ^ Thomason 1998, pp. 3–5.
  3. ^ a b c Gunston 1978, pp. 8, 10–15.
  4. ^ Eden 2004, pp. 196–197.
  5. ^ a b Miller 1982, pp. 11–15.
  6. ^ a b Gunston 1978, pp. 16–17.
  7. ^ Gunston 1978, pp. 18–20.
  8. ^ a b c Baugher, Joe. "General Dynamics F-111A." General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, 23 December 1999.
  9. ^ Eden 2004, p. 197.
  10. ^ a b Baugher, Joe. "General Dynamics/Grumman F-111B" General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, 7 November 2004.
  11. ^ a b Gunston 1978, pp. 25–27.
  12. ^ Miller 1982, p. 52.
  13. ^ Thomason 1998, p. 43.
  14. ^ Spick 2000, pp. 71–72.
  15. ^ Miller 1982, p. 54.
  16. ^ Bernier
  17. ^ Gunston 1978, p. 35.
  18. ^ a b Logan 1998, pp. 254–255.
  19. ^ Spick 2000, pp. 72–74, 112.
  20. ^ Gunston and Spick 1983, p. 112.
  21. ^ Thomason 1998, p. 54.
  22. ^ "F-14 Tomcat." GlobalAircraft.org. Retrieved: 15 November 2010.
  23. ^ Colucci, Frank. "Building the Bombcat." Archived 2016-03-19 at the Wayback Machine "hobbyfanatics.com, 31 July 2003. Retrieved: 15 November 2010.
  24. ^ a b Thomason 1998, pp. 15–16.
  25. ^ Eden 2004, pp. 196–201.
  26. ^ a b Miller 1982, p. 80.
  27. ^ a b Logan 1998, pp. 17–18.
  28. ^ Logan 1998, pp. 254–257.
  29. ^ a b Ciminera, Mike. "F-14 Design Evolution". Youtube - Peninsula Srs Videos. Youtube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  30. ^ a b c Thomason 1998, p. 53.
  31. ^ a b c Miller 1982, pp. 52–55.
  32. ^ Logan 1998, pp. 254–256.
  33. ^ Logan 1998, p. 254.
  34. ^ Thomason 1998, p. 16.
  35. ^ Thomason 1998, pp. 20–26, 33, 42, 44, 46.
  36. ^ Logan 1998, pp. 258–260.
  37. ^ Photograph of a F-111B in a scrapyard near Mojave port.
  38. ^ U.S. Naval Museum of Armament & Technology
  39. ^ Thomason 1998, pp. 55–56.
  40. ^ Miller 1982, pp. 66, 80.
  41. ^ Logan 1998, pp. 302–303.

Bibliography

  • Bernier, Robert (2018). "Was the Navy's F-111 Really That Bad?". Air & Space Smithsonian. Washington, DC: Air&Space Smithsonian. ISSN 0886-2257.
  • Eden, Paul, ed. (2004). "General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark/EF-111 Raven". Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft. London: Amber Books. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.
  • Gunston, Bill (1978). F-111. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-15753-5.
  • Logan, Don (1998). General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History. ISBN 0-7643-0587-5.
  • Miller, Jay (1982). General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark". Aero Series. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers. ISBN 0-8168-0606-3.
  • Neubeck, Ken (2009). F-111 Aardvark. Walk Around. Vol. 57. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal. ISBN 978-0-89747-581-5.
  • Thomason, Tommy (1998). Grumman Navy F-111B Swing Wing. Naval Fighters. Vol. 41. Simi Valley, CA: Ginter Books. ISBN 978-0-9426-1241-7.
  • Thornborough, Anthony M. (1989). F-111 Aardvark. Warbirds Fotofax. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-935-0.
  • Thornborough, Anthony M.; Peter E. Davies (1989). F-111: Success in Action. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-988-1.
  • Wilson, Stewart (2000). Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications. ISBN 1-875671-50-1.
  • Winchester, Jim (2006). Military Aircraft of the Cold War. The Aviation Factfile. London: Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-929-3.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Dynamics F-111B.
Read more information:

Dhaka

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Dhaka (disambiguasi). Dhaka ঢাকাDaccaIbu kotaJulukan: Kota Masjid, Ibu kota Becak DuniaNegara BangladeshDistrikDistrik DhakaPendirian1608Pemberian status kota1947Pemerintahan • JenisMunisipalitas • Wali kotaSadeque Hossain KhokaLuas • Ibu kota304 km2 (117 sq mi) • Luas perairan48,56 km2 (1,875 sq mi)Ketinggian[1]4 m (13,12 ft)Populasi (2008)[2] …

Contea di Dougherty

Questa voce sull'argomento contee della Georgia (Stati Uniti d'America) è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Contea di DoughertyconteaLocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Georgia AmministrazioneCapoluogoAlbany Data di istituzione15 dicembre 1853 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo31°32′24″N 84°13′12″W / 31.54°N 84.22°W31.54; -84.22 (Contea di Dougherty)Coordinate: 31°32′24″N 84°13′12″W&#…

Garrincha

Garrincha Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Manuel Francisco dos SantosTanggal lahir (1933-10-28)28 Oktober 1933Tempat lahir Pau Grande (RJ), BrasilTanggal meninggal 20 Januari 1983(1983-01-20) (umur 49)Tempat meninggal Rio de Janeiro, BrasilTinggi 1,69 m (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Gelandang sayapKarier junior1948–1952 Pau GrandeKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1953–1965 Botafogo 236 (98)1966 Corinthians 4 (0)1967 Portuguesa Carioca 0 (0)1968 Atlético Junior 1 (0…

Dapra

DapraDapra Dalam perkapalan, dapra[1] adalah peredam yang digunakan untuk meredam benturan yang terjadi pada saat kapal akan merapat ke dermaga atau pada saat kapal yang sedang ditambatkan tergoyang oleh gelombang atau arus yang terjadi di pelabuhan. Untuk mampu melakukan peredaman, dapra biasanya memiliki daya serap energi yang tinggi dan gaya reaksi yang rendah.[2] Dapra umumnya terbuat dari karet, busa elastomer, atau plastik. Jenis dapra yang digunakan tergantung pada banyak …

Pulau Loeha

LoehaKoordinat2°46′26.000″LS,121°33′8.000″BTNegaraIndonesiaProvinsiSulawesi SelatanKabupatenLuwu TimurPopulasiPerkiraan 150 KK Loeha adalah nama sebuah pulau kecil yang terletak di tengah Danau Towuti dan termasuk ke dalam wilayah administratif Desa Loeha, Kecamatan Towuti, Kabupaten Luwu Timur, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Secara astronomis, pulau ini terletak di titik koordinat 2°46′26.000″LS,121°33′8.000″BT. Pulau ini merupakan pulau yang terluas di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. P…

Betty Loh Ti

Betty Loh TiNama asalHanzi: 樂蒂LahirHsi Chung-i(1937-07-24)24 Juli 1937Shanghai, Republik TiongkokMeninggal27 Desember 1968(1968-12-27) (umur 31)Hong Kong BritaniaPekerjaanactressTahun aktif1952–1968Suami/istriPeter Chen Ho ​ ​(m. 1962; c. 1967)​AnakRuth ChenPenghargaanGolden Horse Awards – Pemeran wanita terbaik1963 The Love Eterne Betty Loh Ti Hanzi tradisional: 樂蒂 Hanzi sederhana: 乐蒂 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu…

Doncaster Rovers F.C.

Doncaster RoversNama lengkapDoncaster Rovers Football ClubJulukanThe RoversDonnyBerdiri1879StadionStadion Keepmoat(Kapasitas: 15,231)KetuaJohn RyanManajerPaul DickovLigaLiga Championship2012–13ke-1, Liga Satu(Juara dan promosi)Situs webSitus web resmi klubPencetak gol terbanyakTom Keetley (180) Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga Musim ini Doncaster Rovers Football Club merupakan sebuah tim sepak bola Inggris yang saat ini bermain di Liga Championship Inggris. Didirikan pada tahun…

List of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese-American populations

Darker colors indicate counties with higher percentage of Vietnamese population, from 2000 US Census The following is a list of U.S. cities with large Vietnamese-American populations. They consist of cities with at least 10,000 Vietnamese Americans or where Vietnamese Americans constitute a large percentage of the population. The information contained here was based on the 2010 U.S. census. Vietnamese-Americans immigrated to the United States in different waves. The first wave of Vietnamese from…

Badan Informasi Geospasial

Badan Informasi Geospasial BIGGambaran umumDasar hukumPeraturan Presiden Nomor 94 Tahun 2011KepalaProf. Dr.rer.nat. Muh Aris Marfai, M.Sc.[1]Sekretaris UtamaDr. Ir. RA. Belinda Arunarwati Margono, M.Sc.DeputiDeputi Bidang Informasi Geospasial DasarIr. Mohamad Arief Syafi'i, M.Eng.Sc.Deputi Bidang Informasi Geospasial TematikDr. Antonius Bambang WijanartoDeputi Bidang Infrastruktur Informasi GeospasialDr. Ibnu Sofian, M.Eng.InspekturHabib Subagio, S.Si., M.Si.Kantor pusatJl.Raya Jaka…

Negara bagian dan wilayah federal di Malaysia

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Negara bagian dan wilayah federal di Malaysia – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Pembagian administratif Malaysia Tingkat I Negara bagian • Wilayah persekutuan Tingkat II Distrik R…

Haim Katz

Haim KatzLahir21 Desember 1947 (umur 76)Tempat lahirJermanTahun aliyah1949Knesset15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23Faksi yang diwakili di Knesset1999–2003One Nation2003–LikudJabatan menteri2015–2019Menteri Buruh, Kesejahteraan dan Pelayanan Sosial Haim Katz (Ibrani: חַיִּים כַּץ, lahir 21 Desember 1947) adalah seorang politikus Israel. Ia sekarang menjabat sebagai anggota Knesset untuk Likud, meskipun ia mundur dari jabatan Menteri Kesejahteraan dan Pelayanan Sosial pada 16…

Hayama, Kanagawa

Hayama 葉山町KotaHayama Town Hall BenderaLambangLocation of Hayama in Kanagawa PrefectureHayama Koordinat: 35°16′21″N 139°35′10″E / 35.27250°N 139.58611°E / 35.27250; 139.58611Koordinat: 35°16′21″N 139°35′10″E / 35.27250°N 139.58611°E / 35.27250; 139.58611CountryJapanRegionKantōPrefectureKanagawaDistrictMiuraLuas • Total17,06 km2 (659 sq mi)Populasi (April 1, 2021) • Total…

Weekend Edition (Australian program)

Australian TV series or program Weekend EditionGenreNews, Current Affairs, CommentaryPresented byGreg Thomson (2016–2018)Jaynie Seal (2016–present)Country of originAustraliaOriginal languageEnglishProductionCamera setupMulti-cameraRunning time3 hours (inc. adverts)Original releaseNetworkSky News LiveRelease9 July 2016 (2016-07-09) –presentRelatedAgenda Weekend Edition is an Australian news and current affairs television program on Sky News Live on Saturdays and Sundays. It is the…

Belanja tidak terduga

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Belanja tidak terduga adalah pengeluaran anggaran untuk kegiatan yang sifatnya tidak biasa dan tidak diharapkan berulang seperti penanggulangan bencana alam, bencana sosial, dan pengeluaran tidak terduga lainnya yang sangat diperlukan dalam rangka penyel…

List of urban local bodies in Rajasthan

Rajasthan has 11 Municipal Corporations, 33 Municipal Councils and 169 Municipal Boards or Nagar Pachayats. Thus Rajasthan has a total 213 Municipalities or Urban Local Bodies(ULBs).[1] The Rajasthan Municipalities Act, 2009 governs the administration of all the urban local bodies in the state.[2] The Department of Local Self Government of the Rajasthan Government monitors the administration of all the municipalities in the state.[3] The last elections to civic bodies in …

Head Start

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Operation Head Start. Sekolah Heart Start Kabupaten Washtenaw, Michigan di Kotapraja Superior Head Start adalah sebuah program dari Departemen Layanan Manusia dan Kesehatan Amerika Serikat yang menyediakan pendidikan sejak dini komprehensif, kesehatan, nutrisi, dan layanan keterlibatan orang tua untuk anak-anak berpendapatan rendah dan keluarga mereka. Sumber daya dan layanan program tersebut dirancang untuk menstabilkan hubungan keluarga, memajukan kebaikan emosional …

List of Moby-Dick characters

Moby-Dick (1851) is a novel by Herman Melville. While some characters only appear in the shore-based chapters at the beginning of the book, and others are captains and crewmembers of other ships, the majority of the characters are officers or crewmembers of the whaling ship, Pequod. Ishmael Main article: Ishmael (Moby-Dick) Ishmael is the narrator of the book. He recounts the whaling voyage led by Captain Ahab while also explaining the history and mechanics of whaling and attempting to promote t…

Vehicle registration plates of Nigeria

Nigeria vehicle license plates Former registration plate of Lagos (1992 to 2011)[1]Commercial registration plate Nigerian vehicle registration plates in current use were introduced in 1992 and revised in 2011. Nigeria and Liberia are the only two African countries that use the North American standard 6 × 12 inches (152 × 300 mm), with Egypt using an approximately similar size of 170 x 350 mm. The international code for Nigeria is WAN (West Africa Nigeria). The license plates are genera…

Ash-Shakhrah

The Stone—south is towards the top of the image Ash-Sakhrah (Bahasa Inggris: The Foundation Stone (Ibrani: אבן השתייה, alih aksara Even haShetiya) atau Rock (Bahasa Arab: alih aksara Sakhrah, Bahasa Ibrani: alih aksara: Sela) itu nama sebuah batu yang terletak di dalam Kubah Shakhrah di Yerusalem. Batu ini juga dikenal dengan nama Pierced Stone karena memiliki lubang kecil di pojok tenggara untuk memasuki gua yang berada dibawahnya,yaing dikenal dengan nama Well of Souls. Tempat ini m…

Brave (peramban web)

Brave Brave 1.57.57 pada macOSTipeperamban web BerdasarkaChromium Versi pertama12 Oct 2016 v1.0.3 (Android) 14 Dec 2018 v1.7 (iOS)Versi stabilDaftarAndroid, iOS, Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows: 1.62.153 (25 Januari 2024) GenrePeramban webLisensiMPL 2.0[1]Karakteristik teknisSistem operasiWindowsmacOSLinuxAndroidiOSPlatformx86_64, IA-32 (en) dan ARM MesinBlink, V8, (WebKit di iOS)Formatdistribusi digital Bahasa pemrogramanJavascript, Cascading Style Sheets dan C Informasi pengembangPembu…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya