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Gengma Dai and Va Autonomous County

Gengma
耿马县
ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥪᥒ ᥛᥣᥳ
gaeng mīex sin
Autonomous county
耿马傣族佤族自治县
Gengma Dai and Va Autonomous County
Location of Gengma County (red) and Lincang City (pink) within Yunnan province
Location of Gengma County (red) and Lincang City (pink) within Yunnan province
Gengma is located in Yunnan
Gengma
Gengma
Location of the seat in Yunnan
Coordinates: 23°32′17″N 99°23′49″E / 23.538°N 99.397°E / 23.538; 99.397
CountryChina
ProvinceYunnan
Prefecture-level cityLincang
County seatGengma
Area
 • Total3,837 km2 (1,481 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Total285,683
 • Density74/km2 (190/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)
Postal code
677500
Area code0883
Websitewww.yngm.gov.cn

Gengma Dai and Va Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 耿马傣族佤族自治县; traditional Chinese: 耿馬傣族佤族自治縣; pinyin: Gěngmǎ Dǎizú Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn; Tai Nüa: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥪᥒ ᥛᥣᥳ; Awa: gaeng mīex) is located in Lincang City, in the west of Yunnan province, China.

History

The name of the Gengma come from the Pali word "Sinthunath" meaning a place where people follow white horses. People call this city's name was named after the Ming Dynasty's Hongwu period. and was written on the front cover "History of Burma" said Kung Ma

The main ethnic groups in the Gengma chieftains are Tai and Wa. The Tai people here moved from Mao Luang (Mong Mao) in the 14th century. They brought Mao Luang traditions with them. The original Wa people live in mountainous areas and do not have their own dialect.

In 1988, the county was affected by two strong earthquakes. It killed a total of 939 people and caused major destruction.[2]

Saophas

The origin name is Sinthunath meaning the site person find the white horse everyone called Mong Kying Keng Hkam meaning the site located of jewelry and golden

the ethnic is Tai and Wa, Tai people emigrated from Mong Mao Long since 14 century they took the tradition and culture from Mong Mao come to here and the Wa ethnic they live on a high mountain and have there personal language.

Saophas :

1) Hkam Chuea Hpa 1397－1452
2) Hkam Kyoeng Hpa (Hkam Hso) 1452－1472 son
3) Hkam Piam Hpa (Hkam Piam) 1472－1502 son
4) Hkam Zin Hpa (Hkam Ching) 1503－1557 son
5) Hkam Phing Hpa 1557－1601 son
6) Hkam Moen Hpa 1601－1614 son
7) Hkam Ming Hpa 1614－1633 bro
8) Nang Xiao Li 1633－1659 regent, wife of Hkam Ming Hpa son
9) Hkam Mai Hpa 1659－1693 son
10) Hkam Chawng Hpa 1693－1699 son
11) Hkam Sang Hpa 1700－1732 son
12) Hkam Kai Hpa 1732－1765 son
13) Hkam Kang Hpa 1765－1771 regent, bro
14) Hkam Chai Hpa (Hkam Chuan Hpa) 1771－1803 1st son
15) Hkam Yan Chao 1803－1808 3rd son
16) Hkam Kyang Hpa 1808－1820 son
17) Hkam Htiet Hpa 1820－1825 2nd bro of Hkam Yan Chao
18) Shamawali 1825－1836 regent mother of Hkam Yan Chao
19) Hkam Earn Phai 1836－1851 nephew of Hkam Yan Chao
20) Hkam Earn Hso 1852－1858 bro
21) Hkam Long Chang 1858－1897 2nd son
22) Hkam Fu Hpa 1897－1915 son
23) Hkam Kaw Hpa 1915－1933 son
24) Hkam Chi Hpa 1933－1950 5th bro

Administrative divisions

Gengma Dai and Va Autonomous County has 4 towns, 4 townships and 1 ethnic township.[3]

4 towns
4 townships
1 ethnic township

Climate

Climate data for Gengma, elevation 1,144 m (3,753 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.9
(82.2) 		31.0
(87.8) 		33.1
(91.6) 		35.3
(95.5) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.5
(97.7) 		33.5
(92.3) 		33.4
(92.1) 		32.8
(91.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		29.2
(84.6) 		27.1
(80.8) 		36.5
(97.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9) 		24.9
(76.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		29.7
(85.5) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.2
(82.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.9
(84.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		27.1
(80.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.8
(55.0) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.9
(73.2) 		20.7
(69.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		13.2
(55.8) 		19.7
(67.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4) 		7.9
(46.2) 		11.7
(53.1) 		15.3
(59.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		14.7
(58.4)
Record low °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		1.7
(35.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		15.4
(59.7) 		15.6
(60.1) 		16.1
(61.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−2.0
(28.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25.3
(1.00) 		14.5
(0.57) 		20.8
(0.82) 		58.4
(2.30) 		132.9
(5.23) 		180.5
(7.11) 		277.9
(10.94) 		220.8
(8.69) 		158.8
(6.25) 		127.1
(5.00) 		48.6
(1.91) 		14.5
(0.57) 		1,280.1
(50.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 3.2 5.2 11.1 16.4 23.2 26.2 22.7 17.9 15.1 6.2 3.6 154.1
Average relative humidity (%) 72 63 56 59 68 79 84 83 81 81 78 77 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 222.9 222.3 234.1 225.4 209.6 146.1 115.3 142.5 160.7 169.3 194.2 207.7 2,250.1
Percent possible sunshine 66 69 63 59 51 36 28 36 44 48 59 63 52
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5]

Ethnic groups

There are 1,004 Jingpo people located in the following five villages of Gengma County.[6]

  • New Jingpo hamlet 景颇新寨, Mangkang Village 芒抗村, Hepai Township 贺派乡[7]
  • Nalong 那拢组, Nongba Village 弄巴村, Gengma Town 耿马镇[8]
  • Hewen 贺稳组, Jingxin Village 景信村, Mengding Town 孟定镇[9]
  • Hebianzhai 河边寨, Qiushan Village 邱山村, Mengding Town 孟定镇[10]
  • Caobazhai 草坝寨, Mang'ai Village 芒艾村, Mengding Town 孟定镇[11]

References

  1. ^ "临沧市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报" (in Chinese). Government of Lincang. 2021-07-14.
  2. ^ Ramirez, Marizen; Peek-Asa, Corinne (2005). "Epidemiology of Traumatic Injuries from Earthquakes". Epidemiologic Reviews. 21 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxi005. PMID 15958426.
  3. ^ "国家统计局" (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  4. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  5. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  6. ^ Dai Qingxia [戴庆厦]. 2010. The Status Quo and Evolution of Language Use of The Jingpo Nationality in Gengma [耿马县景颇族语言使用现状及其演变]. Beijing: Commercial Press [商务印书馆]. ISBN 9787100071529
  7. ^ "耿马傣族佤族自治县贺派乡芒抗村民委员会景颇自然村". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  8. ^ "耿马傣族佤族自治县耿马镇弄巴村委会弄巴大寨(那拢)自然村". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  9. ^ "耿马傣族佤族自治县孟定镇景信村委会贺稳自然村". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  10. ^ "耿马傣族佤族自治县孟定镇邱山村委会河边寨自然村". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
  11. ^ "耿马傣族佤族自治县孟定镇芒艾村委会". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
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