Geography of Vanuatu

Geography of Vanuatu
Region	Pacific Ocean
Coordinates	16°00′S 167°00′E / 16.000°S 167.000°E
Area	Ranked 157th
• Total	12,189 km2 (4,706 sq mi)
• Land	100%
• Water	0%
Coastline	2,528 km (1,571 mi)
Borders	None
Highest point	Mount Tabwemasana ; 1,877 metres (6,158 ft)
Lowest point	Pacific Ocean ; 0 metres (0 ft)
Exclusive economic zone	663,251 km2 (256,083 sq mi)

Vanuatu (formerly called the New Hebrides) is a nation and group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It is composed of over 80 islands with 2,528 kilometres (1,571 mi) of coastline and a total surface area of 12,189 square kilometres (4,706 sq mi). It's a small country with a total size of 12,189 km² (4,706 sq mi). Due to the spread out islands it has the 39th largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 663,251 km² (256,083 sq mi).

Vanuatu's geographic coordinates are 16°00′S 167°00′E / 16.000°S 167.000°E / -16.000; 167.000. It is part of Oceania. Its immediate neighbours include the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia, and Australia is the closest continent.

Terrain

Vanuatu is a mountainous archipelago of volcanic origin with narrow coastal plains.

The highest of all the mountains is Mount Tabwemasana at 1,877 metres (6,158 ft). Its tropical climate is moderated by southeast trade winds, and its natural resources include, hardwood forests, and fish. As of 2011, 1.64% of its land area is arable, 10.25% is devoted to crops, and a further 88.11% to other land usage.

Natural disasters include tropical cyclones or typhoons from January to April and volcanic activity which sometimes causes minor earthquakes. Tsunamis are also a hazard.

A majority of the population does not have access to a potable and reliable supply of water. Deforestation is another major concern on the islands.

Vanuatu is party to a number of international agreements, including agreements on Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, and Tropical Timber 94.

Closely tied to the Law of the Sea, Vanuatu lays maritime claim to 24 nautical miles (nm) of contiguous zone, 12 nm of territorial sea, and 200 nm of continental shelf and exclusive economic zone.^[1]

A beach on Efate
A stream on Efate

Climate

Vanuatu has a tropical climate, more specifically a tropical rainforest climate (Af in the Köppen climate classification), with noticeably wetter and drier months and hot, humid conditions year-round.. As the trade winds are almost permanent and tropical cyclones are not rare in Port Vila and Vanuatu, the climate is not equatorial but a maritime trade-wind tropical climate.^[2]

Vanuatu can be affected by tropical cyclones. Cyclone Pam was one of the worst cyclones to ever hit Vanuatu,^[3]^[4]^[5] and had been described as a worst-case scenario for the country,^[6] with the estimated cost of damage being in the hundreds of millions.^[7] In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused severe damage to Vanuatu and other Pacific nations.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Climate data for Port Vila (Köppen Af)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	35.0 (95.0)	33.9 (93.0)	33.5 (92.3)	32.5 (90.5)	31.1 (88.0)	32.0 (89.6)	34.3 (93.7)	32.0 (89.6)	31.5 (88.7)	31.2 (88.2)	33.0 (91.4)	35.6 (96.1)	35.6 (96.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	31.3 (88.3)	31.2 (88.2)	30.8 (87.4)	29.9 (85.8)	28.8 (83.8)	27.4 (81.3)	26.4 (79.5)	27.0 (80.6)	27.7 (81.9)	28.5 (83.3)	29.2 (84.6)	30.7 (87.3)	29.1 (84.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	26.4 (79.5)	26.5 (79.7)	26.3 (79.3)	25.3 (77.5)	24.1 (75.4)	23.0 (73.4)	22.1 (71.8)	22.0 (71.6)	22.7 (72.9)	23.4 (74.1)	24.6 (76.3)	25.7 (78.3)	24.3 (75.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	22.5 (72.5)	23.0 (73.4)	22.6 (72.7)	22.0 (71.6)	20.2 (68.4)	19.8 (67.6)	18.2 (64.8)	18.0 (64.4)	18.4 (65.1)	19.6 (67.3)	20.7 (69.3)	21.7 (71.1)	20.5 (68.9)
Record low °C (°F)	15.8 (60.4)	15.0 (59.0)	16.3 (61.3)	14.5 (58.1)	13.4 (56.1)	10.0 (50.0)	8.5 (47.3)	10.0 (50.0)	9.9 (49.8)	11.0 (51.8)	12.6 (54.7)	15.2 (59.4)	8.5 (47.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	316.1 (12.44)	273.7 (10.78)	320.9 (12.63)	255.2 (10.05)	210.3 (8.28)	180.0 (7.09)	94.4 (3.72)	87.4 (3.44)	87.3 (3.44)	134.1 (5.28)	192.3 (7.57)	187.2 (7.37)	2,338.9 (92.09)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)	15.4	16.6	18.5	17.1	12.9	11.3	10.3	9.8	8.1	8.4	12.1	13.2	153.7
Average relative humidity (%)	84	85	86	87	85	85	83	82	80	81	82	83	84
Average dew point °C (°F)	24 (75)	24 (75)	24 (75)	23 (73)	21 (70)	21 (70)	20 (68)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	22 (72)	23 (73)	22 (71)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	220.1	155.4	198.4	165.0	170.5	162.0	148.8	167.4	174.0	198.4	180.0	195.3	2,135.3
Mean daily sunshine hours	7.1	5.5	6.4	5.5	5.5	5.4	4.8	5.4	5.8	6.4	6.0	6.3	5.8
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst^[12]
Source 2: Time and Date (dewpoints, between 2005-2015)^[13]