Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer

Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer
OperatorNIER, KARI
ManufacturerBAE Systems, Space and Mission Systems
Instrument typeUV/Vis spectrometer
FunctionAtmospheric chemistry and pollution monitoring
Mission duration10 years
Began operations2020 [1]
Websitenesc.nier.go.kr/en/html/index.do
Properties
Resolution0.6 nm
Spectral band300–500 nm (UV, Vis)
Host spacecraft
SpacecraftGEO-KOMPSAT-2B[1]
OperatorKARI
Launch date18 February 2020, 22:18:00 UTC
RocketAriane 5 ECA
Launch siteGuiana Space Center, Kourou, French Guiana]
OrbitGeostationary, 128.2° E

Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is an air quality observation satellite mission of National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) of Korea,[2] with the science P.I. institute at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.[3] GEMS was built by Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) [4] and BAE Systems, Space and Mission Systems (formerly Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp (BATC)),[5] and launched by Ariane 5 from Guiana Space Center, Kourou, on February 18, 2020.[6] GEMS is the first ultraviolet(UV)-visible hyperspectrometer in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) to observe air quality over Asia at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution.[7] [3] [8] Before GEMS, satellite remote sensing of air quality was from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) providing observations 1–2 times a day (e.g. OMI, TROPOMI, MOPITT etc.).[9][10][11] EPIC onboard DISCOVR has provided atmospheric composition observations including aerosol and ozone from the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point, L1, covering the sunlit part of the Earth.[12] GEMS has provided successfully the diurnal variation of air quality over Asia in addition to spatial distribution since Nov. 2020, after the in orbit test (IOT). Diurnal variation of emissions from urban, industry, ship track, and wildfires, dust outbreak, volcanic eruption, and UV indices are well captured by GEMS.[13]

GEMS is the first component of the geostationary constellation of air quality observation, together with the NASA's TEMPO over North America launched in 2023[14] and ESA's Sentinel-4 over Europe launched in 2025,[15] as recognized by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS).[16] Furthermore, there is an initiative to launch a similar UV-Vis instrument over the Middle East and Africa, known as Middle East & Africa Space-based Monitoring of Atmospheric-pollution(MEASMA) to cover missing part of the globe.

References

  1. ^ "JCSAT-17 & GEO-KOMPSAT-2B | Ariane 5 ECA". 17 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Environmental Satellite Center". National Institute of Environmental Research. Archived from the original on 2026-04-30.
  3. ^ a b Kim, Jhoon; et al. (2020). "New Era of Air Quality Monitoring from Space: Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 101: E1–E22. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0013.1.
  4. ^ "KARI's GK-2B (Cheollian 2B)".
  5. ^ "Ball Aerospace-built Geostationary Air Quality Instrument Launches Successfully". February 19, 2020.
  6. ^ "Ariane 5's second launch of 2020".
  7. ^ "South Korea launches first satellite in a global constellation to monitor air quality. | Climate & Clean Air Coalition".
  8. ^ Choi, Won Jun; et al. (2018). "Introducing the geostationary environment monitoring spectrometer". Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. 12 (4) 044005. Bibcode:2018JARS...12d4005C. doi:10.1117/1.JRS.12.044005.
  9. ^ Levelt, Pieternel F.; et al. (2018). "The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Overview of 14 years in space". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 18 (8): 5699–5745. Bibcode:2018ACP....18.5699L. doi:10.5194/acp-18-5699-2018.
  10. ^ "TROPOMI Observing Our Future | TROPOMI Observing Our Future | TROPOMI: TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument". www.tropomi.eu. April 17, 2023.
  11. ^ "MOPITT | Terra".
  12. ^ "EPIC :: DSCOVR". epic.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  13. ^ "AMT – Special issue – GEMS: First year in operation (AMT/ACP inter-journal SI)".
  14. ^ "TEMPO - NASA Science". 16 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Sentinel-4".
  16. ^ "A Geostationary Satellite Constellation for Observing Global Air Quality: An International Path Forward" (PDF). Committee on Earth Observation Satellites. 2011-04-12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2026-04-29.

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