H1426+428

H1426+428
H1426+428
	The BL Lac object H1426+428.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation	Boötes
Right ascension	14h 28m 32.60s
Declination	+42° 40′ 20.97″
Redshift	0.129265
Heliocentric radial velocity	38,753 km/s
Distance	1.911 Gly (585.91 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	16.45
Apparent magnitude (B)	16.95
Characteristics
Type	BL LAC
Other designations
	1ES 1426+428, LEDA 2203750, 4FGL J1428.5+4240, 1ES 1426+42.8, TeV J1428+426, 1RXS J142832.6+424028, RX J1428.5+4240

H1426+428 also known as 1ES 1426+428, is a high-frequency peaked BL Lacertae object (HBL)^[1]^[2] located in the constellation of Boötes. It is located at a relatively high^[3] redshift of (z) 0.129,^[4] and was discovered in 1984 by astronomers who presented a catalogue of X-ray sources taken with the HEAO 1 satellite.^[5]

H1426+428 is classified as a blazar.^[6] It is also a distant source of TeV gamma rays.^[7]^[8] It has low power and a synchrotron peak that is above 100 KeV.^[6]^[9] Furthermore, H1426+428 is possibly hosted in an elliptical galaxy and is luminous in X-ray bands. It has a 2-6 keV luminosity of ~10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹.^[10]

The gamma emission in H1426+428 is found to have an average flux. Its spectrum is very steep and shows a differential spectral index of γ = -3.60 ± 0.57, when observed by the Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope (CAT) in Very High energy gamma ray bands between 1998 and 2000.^[11] This steep spectrum is mainly contributed by the absorption of gamma rays in the intergalactic medium^[12] or by diffused cosmic infrared background.^[11]

In 2002, H1426+428 exhibited variability in the 3-24 keV X-ray spectra.^[13] However in 2006, it was in a period of X-ray inactivity, showing no gamma rays, when observed by CELESTE Cherenkov telescope .^[14] The Tev activity in H1426+428 only increased just before 2008, with it experiencing flare activity for four days in 2009.^[15] A long-term X-ray flare was detected in H1426+428 in January 2021 by the X-ray telescope onboard Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.^[16] This was followed by a very high energy gamma ray flux in March 2021.^[17]

H1426+428 has a compact radio core with a ~ 17 mJy flux density. In additional, it has a faint radio jet extending towards northwest with a project position angle of -25°.^[18] There is also a faint radio halo that is surrounding the radio core as well^[19] but it has weak radio and optical polarization.^[20]

References

^ Nilsson, K.; Lindfors, E.; Takalo, L. O.; Reinthal, R.; Berdyugin, A.; Sillanpää, A.; Ciprini, S.; Halkola, A.; Heinämäki, P.; Hovatta, T.; Kadenius, V.; Nurmi, P.; Ostorero, L.; Pasanen, M.; Rekola, R.; Saarinen, J.; Sainio, J.; Tuominen, T.; Villforth, C.; Vornanen, T.; Zaprudin, B. (2018). "Long-term optical monitoring of TeV emitting blazars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 620: A185. arXiv:1810.01751. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833621.
^ Mueller, C.; Akhter, N.; Ball, J.; Bramel, D.A.; Carson, J.; Covault, C.E.; Driscoll, D.; Fortin, P.; Gingrich, D.M.; Hanna, D.S.; Jarvis, A.; Kildea, J.; Lindner, T.; Mukherjee, R.; Ong, R.A. (April 2011). "Very high-energy observations of the two high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects 1ES 1218+304 and H 1426+428". Astroparticle Physics. 34 (9): 674–678. arXiv:1104.2770. Bibcode:2011APh....34..674M. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.010. ISSN 0927-6505.
^ Fan, Y. Z.; Dai, Z. G.; Wei, D. M. (February 2004). "Strong GeV emission accompanying TeV blazar H1426+428" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 415 (2): 483–486. arXiv:astro-ph/0310893. Bibcode:2004A&A...415..483F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034472. ISSN 0004-6361.
^ Horan and the VERITAS Collaboration, D. (2001). "Observations of the BL Lac object, 1H1426+428 at TeV gamma-ray energies". AIP Conference Proceedings. 587. AIP: 324–328. Bibcode:2001AIPC..587..324H. doi:10.1063/1.1419423.
^ Nugent, J. J.; Jensen, K. A.; Nousek, J. A.; Garmire, G. P.; Mason, K. O.; Walter, F. M.; Bowyer, C. S.; Stern, R. A.; Riegler, G. R. (January 1983). "HEAO A-2 soft X-ray source catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 51: 1. Bibcode:1983ApJS...51....1N. doi:10.1086/190838. ISSN 0067-0049.
^ ^a ^b Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "Observers detect intraday variability of blazar 1ES 1426+42.8". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-10-21.
^ Horan, D.; Bond, I. H.; Boyle, P. J.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Carter-Lewis, D.; Celik, O.; Cui, W.; Daniel, M.; D'Vali, M.; de la Calle Perez, I.; Duke, C.; Falcone, A.; Fegan, D. J.; Fegan, S. J. (2003-07-01). "Observations of H1426+428 from 1999 to 2002 with the Whipple Observatory 10 m Telescope". International Cosmic Ray Conference. 5: 2647. arXiv:astro-ph/0305579. Bibcode:2003ICRC....5.2647H.
^ Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.; Barrio, J.; Beilicke, M.; Bernlöhr, K.; Börst, H.; Bojahr, H.; Bolz, O.; Contreras, J.; Cornils, R.; Cortina, J.; Denninghoff, S.; Fonseca, V.; Girma, M.; Gonzalez, J. (2002-03-01). "TeV gamma rays from the blazar H 1426+428 and the diffuse extragalactic background radiation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 384 (3): L23 – L26. arXiv:astro-ph/0202072. Bibcode:2002A&A...384L..23A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020206. ISSN 0004-6361.
^ Chang, X; Xiong, D R; Yi, T F; Liu, C X; Bhatta, G; Xu, J R; Gong, Y L (2024-08-07). "Optical intraday variability analysis for the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1426+42.8". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 533 (1): 120–130. arXiv:2409.06983. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1839. ISSN 0035-8711.
^ Horan, D.; Badran, H.M.; Bond, I.H.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Carson, M.J.; Carter-Lewis, D.A.; Catanese, M.; Cui, W.; Dunlea, S.; Das, D.; Calle Perez, I. de la; D'Vali, M. (June 2002). "Detection of the BL Lacertae Object H1426+428 at TeV Gamma-Ray Energies". The Astrophysical Journal. 571 (2): 753–762. arXiv:astro-ph/0202185. Bibcode:2002ApJ...571..753H. doi:10.1086/340019.
^ ^a ^b Djannati-Ataï, A.; Khelifi, B.; Vorobiov, S.; Bazer-Bachi, R.; Chounet, L. M.; Debiais, G.; Degrange, B.; Espigat, P.; Fabre, B.; Fontaine, G.; Goret, P.; Gouiffes, C.; Masterson, C.; Piron, F.; Punch, M. (2002-08-09). "Detection of the BL Lac object 1ES 1426+428 in the Very High Energy gamma-ray band by the CAT Telescope from 1998–2000" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 391 (3): L25 – L28. arXiv:astro-ph/0207618. Bibcode:2002A&A...391L..25D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021034. ISSN 0004-6361.
^ Petry, D.; Bond, I.H.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Carter-Lewis, D.A.; Cui, W. (November 2002). "The TeV Spectrum of H1426+428". The Astrophysical Journal. 580 (1): 104–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0207506. Bibcode:2002ApJ...580..104P. doi:10.1086/343102.
^ Falcone, A.D. (April 2004). "X-ray and TeV observations of the extreme BL Lac AGN H1426+428 during 2002". New Astronomy Reviews. 48 (5–6): 415–417. Bibcode:2004NewAR..48..415F. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.051. ISSN 1387-6473.
^ Smith, D. A.; Brion, E.; Britto, R.; Bruel, P.; Bussons Gordo, J.; Dumora, D.; Durand, E.; Eschstruth, P.; Espigat, P.; Holder, J.; Jacholkowska, A.; Lavalle, J.; Le Gallou, R.; Lott, B.; Manseri, H. (2006-09-12). "Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and 1ES 1426+428 at 100 GeV with the CELESTE Cherenkov telescope" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 459 (2): 453–464. arXiv:astro-ph/0608247. Bibcode:2006A&A...459..453S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065884. ISSN 0004-6361.
^ Strigunov, K. S.; Zhovtan, A. V. (March 2015). "Long-term observations of the blazar 1ES 1426+428 with the GT-48 Cerenkov telescope". Astronomy Reports. 59 (3): 175–182. Bibcode:2015ARep...59..175S. doi:10.1134/s1063772915020079. ISSN 1063-7729.
^ Kapanadze, Bidzina (2021-04-01). "Long-Term X-ray Flaring Activity of the TeV-Detected Blazar H1426+428". The Astronomer's Telegram. 14560: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel14560....1K.
^ Quinn, John (March 2021). "VERITAS detection of an elevated VHE flux from the blazar H 1426+428". The Astronomer's Telegram. 14501: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel14501....1Q.
^ Piner, B. Glenn; Pant, Niraj; Edwards, Philip G. (May 2008). "The Parsec-Scale Jets of the TeV Blazars H1426+428, 1ES 1959+650, and PKS 2155−304: 2001–2004". The Astrophysical Journal. 678 (1): 64–77. arXiv:0801.2749. Bibcode:2008ApJ...678...64P. doi:10.1086/533521. ISSN 0004-637X.
^ Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.; Falomo, R. (October 2004). "A Sample of Low-Redshift BL Lacertae Objects. I. The Radio Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 613 (2): 752–769. arXiv:astro-ph/0406255. Bibcode:2004ApJ...613..752G. doi:10.1086/423231. ISSN 0004-637X.
^ Kollgaard, R. I.; Gabuzda, D. C.; Feigelson, E. D. (March 1996). "Parsec-Scale Radio Structure of Four X-Ray--selected BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 460: 174. Bibcode:1996ApJ...460..174K. doi:10.1086/176959. ISSN 0004-637X.

External links

[1] Nilsson, K.; Lindfors, E.; Takalo, L. O.; Reinthal, R.; Berdyugin, A.; Sillanpää, A.; Ciprini, S.; Halkola, A.; Heinämäki, P.; Hovatta, T.; Kadenius, V.; Nurmi, P.; Ostorero, L.; Pasanen, M.; Rekola, R.; Saarinen, J.; Sainio, J.; Tuominen, T.; Villforth, C.; Vornanen, T.; Zaprudin, B. (2018). "Long-term optical monitoring of TeV emitting blazars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 620: A185. arXiv:1810.01751. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833621.

[2] Mueller, C.; Akhter, N.; Ball, J.; Bramel, D.A.; Carson, J.; Covault, C.E.; Driscoll, D.; Fortin, P.; Gingrich, D.M.; Hanna, D.S.; Jarvis, A.; Kildea, J.; Lindner, T.; Mukherjee, R.; Ong, R.A. (April 2011). "Very high-energy observations of the two high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects 1ES 1218+304 and H 1426+428". Astroparticle Physics. 34 (9): 674–678. arXiv:1104.2770. Bibcode:2011APh....34..674M. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.010. ISSN 0927-6505.

[3] Fan, Y. Z.; Dai, Z. G.; Wei, D. M. (February 2004). "Strong GeV emission accompanying TeV blazar H1426+428" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 415 (2): 483–486. arXiv:astro-ph/0310893. Bibcode:2004A&A...415..483F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034472. ISSN 0004-6361.

[4] Horan and the VERITAS Collaboration, D. (2001). "Observations of the BL Lac object, 1H1426+428 at TeV gamma-ray energies". AIP Conference Proceedings. 587. AIP: 324–328. Bibcode:2001AIPC..587..324H. doi:10.1063/1.1419423.

[5] Nugent, J. J.; Jensen, K. A.; Nousek, J. A.; Garmire, G. P.; Mason, K. O.; Walter, F. M.; Bowyer, C. S.; Stern, R. A.; Riegler, G. R. (January 1983). "HEAO A-2 soft X-ray source catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 51: 1. Bibcode:1983ApJS...51....1N. doi:10.1086/190838. ISSN 0067-0049.

[:0-6] Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "Observers detect intraday variability of blazar 1ES 1426+42.8". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-10-21.

[7] Horan, D.; Bond, I. H.; Boyle, P. J.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Carter-Lewis, D.; Celik, O.; Cui, W.; Daniel, M.; D'Vali, M.; de la Calle Perez, I.; Duke, C.; Falcone, A.; Fegan, D. J.; Fegan, S. J. (2003-07-01). "Observations of H1426+428 from 1999 to 2002 with the Whipple Observatory 10 m Telescope". International Cosmic Ray Conference. 5: 2647. arXiv:astro-ph/0305579. Bibcode:2003ICRC....5.2647H.

[:1-8] Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.; Barrio, J.; Beilicke, M.; Bernlöhr, K.; Börst, H.; Bojahr, H.; Bolz, O.; Contreras, J.; Cornils, R.; Cortina, J.; Denninghoff, S.; Fonseca, V.; Girma, M.; Gonzalez, J. (2002-03-01). "TeV gamma rays from the blazar H 1426+428 and the diffuse extragalactic background radiation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 384 (3): L23 – L26. arXiv:astro-ph/0202072. Bibcode:2002A&A...384L..23A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020206. ISSN 0004-6361.

[9] Chang, X; Xiong, D R; Yi, T F; Liu, C X; Bhatta, G; Xu, J R; Gong, Y L (2024-08-07). "Optical intraday variability analysis for the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1426+42.8". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 533 (1): 120–130. arXiv:2409.06983. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1839. ISSN 0035-8711.

[10] Horan, D.; Badran, H.M.; Bond, I.H.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Carson, M.J.; Carter-Lewis, D.A.; Catanese, M.; Cui, W.; Dunlea, S.; Das, D.; Calle Perez, I. de la; D'Vali, M. (June 2002). "Detection of the BL Lacertae Object H1426+428 at TeV Gamma-Ray Energies". The Astrophysical Journal. 571 (2): 753–762. arXiv:astro-ph/0202185. Bibcode:2002ApJ...571..753H. doi:10.1086/340019.

[:2-11] Djannati-Ataï, A.; Khelifi, B.; Vorobiov, S.; Bazer-Bachi, R.; Chounet, L. M.; Debiais, G.; Degrange, B.; Espigat, P.; Fabre, B.; Fontaine, G.; Goret, P.; Gouiffes, C.; Masterson, C.; Piron, F.; Punch, M. (2002-08-09). "Detection of the BL Lac object 1ES 1426+428 in the Very High Energy gamma-ray band by the CAT Telescope from 1998–2000" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 391 (3): L25 – L28. arXiv:astro-ph/0207618. Bibcode:2002A&A...391L..25D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021034. ISSN 0004-6361.

[12] Petry, D.; Bond, I.H.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Carter-Lewis, D.A.; Cui, W. (November 2002). "The TeV Spectrum of H1426+428". The Astrophysical Journal. 580 (1): 104–109. arXiv:astro-ph/0207506. Bibcode:2002ApJ...580..104P. doi:10.1086/343102.

[13] Falcone, A.D. (April 2004). "X-ray and TeV observations of the extreme BL Lac AGN H1426+428 during 2002". New Astronomy Reviews. 48 (5–6): 415–417. Bibcode:2004NewAR..48..415F. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.051. ISSN 1387-6473.

[14] Smith, D. A.; Brion, E.; Britto, R.; Bruel, P.; Bussons Gordo, J.; Dumora, D.; Durand, E.; Eschstruth, P.; Espigat, P.; Holder, J.; Jacholkowska, A.; Lavalle, J.; Le Gallou, R.; Lott, B.; Manseri, H. (2006-09-12). "Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and 1ES 1426+428 at 100 GeV with the CELESTE Cherenkov telescope" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 459 (2): 453–464. arXiv:astro-ph/0608247. Bibcode:2006A&A...459..453S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065884. ISSN 0004-6361.

[15] Strigunov, K. S.; Zhovtan, A. V. (March 2015). "Long-term observations of the blazar 1ES 1426+428 with the GT-48 Cerenkov telescope". Astronomy Reports. 59 (3): 175–182. Bibcode:2015ARep...59..175S. doi:10.1134/s1063772915020079. ISSN 1063-7729.

[16] Kapanadze, Bidzina (2021-04-01). "Long-Term X-ray Flaring Activity of the TeV-Detected Blazar H1426+428". The Astronomer's Telegram. 14560: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel14560....1K.

[17] Quinn, John (March 2021). "VERITAS detection of an elevated VHE flux from the blazar H 1426+428". The Astronomer's Telegram. 14501: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel14501....1Q.

[18] Piner, B. Glenn; Pant, Niraj; Edwards, Philip G. (May 2008). "The Parsec-Scale Jets of the TeV Blazars H1426+428, 1ES 1959+650, and PKS 2155−304: 2001–2004". The Astrophysical Journal. 678 (1): 64–77. arXiv:0801.2749. Bibcode:2008ApJ...678...64P. doi:10.1086/533521. ISSN 0004-637X.

[19] Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.; Falomo, R. (October 2004). "A Sample of Low-Redshift BL Lacertae Objects. I. The Radio Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 613 (2): 752–769. arXiv:astro-ph/0406255. Bibcode:2004ApJ...613..752G. doi:10.1086/423231. ISSN 0004-637X.

[20] Kollgaard, R. I.; Gabuzda, D. C.; Feigelson, E. D. (March 1996). "Parsec-Scale Radio Structure of Four X-Ray--selected BL Lacertae Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 460: 174. Bibcode:1996ApJ...460..174K. doi:10.1086/176959. ISSN 0004-637X.

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H1426+428

References

External links

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