HMNZS Monowai (F59)

Monowai in Milford Sound in 1933.
History
New Zealand
Name	SS Razmak
Namesake	Razmak in the Northwest Frontier
Builder	Harland and Wolff
Yard number	659[1]
Laid down	1923
Launched	16 October 1924
Completed	26 February 1925[1]
In service	1925
Out of service	1930
New Zealand
Name	SS Monowai
Namesake	Lake Monowai.[Note 1]
In service	1930
Out of service	1939
New Zealand
Name	HMNZS Monowai
Acquired	21 October 1939
Commissioned	30 August 1940
Decommissioned	18 June 1943
Identification	F59
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Monowai
Acquired	1943
Commissioned	18 June 1943
Decommissioned	August 1946
Fate	Scrapped 1960
New Zealand
Name	SS Monowai
Acquired	Returned to owners 1946
Fate	Sold for breaking up 1960
General characteristics
Class and type	armed merchant cruiser from 1944: landing ship/troopship
Tonnage	10,852 GRT, 4,925 NRT
Length	158.2/152.5 m (519/500 ft)
Beam	19.3 m (63 ft)
Propulsion	two-shaft reciprocal 4-cylinder QE plus low reduction twin exhaust turbines 14,740 bhp (10,990 kW)
Speed	18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) max
Complement	366 as AMC
Sensors and processing systems	SS1 Type Radar[2]
Armament	As AMC 8 × 6 in (152 mm) guns (4 each side) 2 × 3 in (76 mm) AA 6 × 20 mm Twin 20 mm with radar added June 1942 Some machine guns, 8 depth charges As LSI(L) 1 × 4 in (100 mm) gun 2 × QF 12-pounder 2 × QF 2-pounder AA 2 × 40 mm 2 × quad RPs 8 × 20 mm AA
Notes	Davits fitted for 20 LCAs (Landing Craft Assault) for 800 plus troops. Capacity of each 35 troops or 365 kg (805 lb) cargo.

HMNZS^[3] Monowai (F59) was a former Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O) merchant vessel. At the outbreak of World War II she became an armed merchant cruiser of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). She subsequently became HMS Monowai, a Landing Ship, Infantry and mostly operated as a troopship. In 1946 she returned to her old trade as a passenger ship.

SS Razmak was built at Greenock yard for P&O by Harland and Wolff, launched in 1924 and completed on 26 February 1925.^[1] She was designed for service between Bombay and Aden and spent several years in the Mediterranean Sea. When demand on her original route dried up, she was offered for sale and transferred to the antipodes. The Union Steam Ship Company, part of the P & O group, took her on in 1930 as their second SS Monowai and she ran a subsidized service from Wellington to Vancouver via several Pacific stops. From 24 November 1932 she ran mostly from Wellington to Sydney.

Guns suitable for Monowai had been ordered and stored at the Devonport Naval Base in Auckland. Monowai was requisitioned by the Royal New Zealand Navy on 21 October 1939 and was prepared for mounting the guns. Then followed a period of indecision, and in February 1940 work on her was suspended for over four months. After construction was completed in August 1940, she was commissioned.

The Japanese submarine I-20 conducted an unsuccessful attack on her on 16 January 1942.^[4]

Monowai was the first of two ships with this name to serve in the Royal New Zealand Navy. She was named after the New Zealand glacial lake Monowai. Monowai is a Māori word meaning "channel full of water".

As surplus, in 1943 she was transferred to Liverpool in the United Kingdom and handed over to the British Ministry of War Transport. Monowai went to Glasgow for conversion to an "Landing Ship, Infantry (Large)" or LSI(L). From June 1943 to February 1944 she was refitted with completely different armament, capacity for up to 1,800 fully equipped troops, and 20 Assault Landing Craft. She was used during the Normandy landings.

In the later period of the war she was used as a troopship transporting soldiers and after the end of the war in repatriation.

On 31 August 1946 she was returned to her owner. She resumed merchant service in January 1949 after extensive repair. In 1960 she was sold for breaking up in Hong Kong.

• TSS Monowai 1925–1960
• Monowai - A Steamships Of Many Faces