Canting arms of Fox, Baron Holland: Ermine, on a chevron azure three fox's heads and necks erased or on a canton of the second a fleur-de-lys of the third
He succeeded in the baronies in December 1774, aged one, on the early death of his father, while his mother died shortly before his fifth birthday. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford,[1] where he became the friend of George Canning and John Hookham Frere. Lord Holland's uncle was the great Whig orator Charles James Fox, and he remained steadily loyal to the Whig party.[1]
Holland led the opposition to the Regency Bill in 1811, and he attacked the orders in council and other strong measures of the government taken to counteract Napoleon's Berlin Decrees. He denounced the treaty of 1813 with Sweden which bound Britain to consent to the forcible union of Norway, and he resisted the bill of 1816 for confining Napoleon in Saint Helena.[1] He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1830 and 1834[4] and 1835 and 1840[5] in the cabinets of Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne, and he was still in office when he died in October 1840.[1]
Ownership of slaves
With the Slave Compensation Act 1837 in the aftermath of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, the government paid compensation to former slaveholders.[6] Lord Holland was compensated under three awards for slaves on his estates in Jamaica, which had come to him through his wife, Elizabeth Webster (née Vassall).[7]
Writings
Lord Holland's statue rises from a pond in Holland Park, London.
Holland's protests against the measures of the Tory ministers were collected and published, as the Opinions of Lord Holland (1841), by Dr Moylan of Lincoln's Inn. Lord Holland's Foreign Reminiscences (1850)[8] contain much amusing gossip from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era. His Memoirs of the Whig Party (1852; 2 vols.)[9] is an important contemporary authority. He also published a small work on Lope de Vega (1806)[1][10] and a 2-volume work (1817) on the lives and writings of Lope de Vega and Guillén de Castro.[11][12] His whimsical short story Eve's Legend, in which the only vowel used is the letter E, is considered a precursor to the constraints of the Oulipo school. [13]
Family
After visiting Paris in 1791 Holland again went abroad to travel in France and Italy in 1793. At Florence he met Elizabeth Vassall, at that time Lady Webster, wife of Sir Godfrey Webster, 4th Baronet. She and her husband obtained a divorce, and she married Holland on 6 July 1797, becoming Elizabeth Fox, Baroness Holland. An illegitimate son, Charles Richard Fox, was born to them. He later rose to become a General in the British Army.
They had three more children who survived infancy: the Hon. Stephen Fox (d. 1800), Henry Edward Fox, 4th Baron Holland, and Hon. Mary Elizabeth Fox, married to Thomas Powys, 3rd Baron Lilford. In 1800 he was authorised to take the name of Vassall, and after 1807 he signed himself Vassall Holland, though the name was no part of his title.[1] Lord Holland died in October 1840, aged 66, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest and only surviving legitimate son, Henry. Lady Holland died in November 1845.
Vassall ward
Vassall ward in the London Borough of Lambeth is named after Henry Richard Vassall-Fox who was responsible for the first building development in the area in the 1820s. Roads in the area such as Holland Grove, Lord Holland Lane, Foxley Square and Vassall Road commemorate this connection.
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