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House of Blois

House of Blois
Royal house
Arms of the House of Blois
CountryWest Francia
France
Navarre
England
Jerusalem
Founded906; 1118 years ago (906)
FounderTheobald the Elder
Titles
Lesser titles:
Estate(s)Blois, Champagne, Navarre, England, Sancerre, Boulogne, Aumale, etc
Dissolution1???
Cadet branches
  • House of Blois-Champagne
    • House of Blois-Chartres
    • House of Blois-Navarre
    • House of Sancerre
    • House of Lacarre
  • House of Sully
    • House of Sully-Beaujeu
  • House of Champlitte
    • House of Champlitte-Pontailler
  • House of Aumale

The House of Blois (French: [blwa]) was a noble family that arose in the Kingdom of West Francia in the early 10th century, and whose prominent members were often named Theobald (Thibaud, Thibault, Thibaut in French).

History

This lineage came from Theobald the Elder, viscount of Tours before 908. Theobald became viscount of Blois before 922. Afterwards the House of Blois accumulated the counties of Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun and as successors of Herbertians the counties of Troyes, Reims and Meaux - core of the County of Champagne, and finally the kingdom of Navarre.

The House of Blois-Champagne, which was founded by Theobold II in 1025, split into several branches. The House of Blois-Chartres, which was founded by Theobold V of Blois inherited the counties of Blois and Chartres and others in 1152. His descendants would hold the counties until the deaths of Margaret and Isabella, to which the branch became extinct in 1249. The House of Blois-Navarre, which was founded by Theobold I of Navarre, when he inherited the throne from his uncle, Sancho Garcés VI. This branch became the senior line later and eventually became extinct in 1305 with the death of Joan I of Navarre, wife of Philip IV of France. Champagne and Navarre passed to the Capetian dynasty. The House of Sancerre, which was founded by Stephen I, Count of Sancerre, a younger son of Theobold II, Count of Champagne. He inherited the county on his father’s death. This branch became extinct at the death of Margaret of Sancerre in 1418 or 1419. The final branch, the House of Lacarre, which was founded by Juan Enriquez, the illegitimate son of Henry I of Navarre.

When Louis VII of France was greatly threatened by the vast collection of territories in the person of Henry II of England, he chose a wife from the House of Blois-Champagne (Adela of Champagne) as a counterpoise to Angevin power.

When William married the Lady of Sully, Adela, sometime after 1100. He became jure uxoris Count or Lord of Sully. This would make him establish a cadet branch in Sully. This branch would also form its own cadet branch, the House of Sully-Beaujeu, which was when Odo, the son of Gilles III, Lord of Sully, acquired the Lordship of Beaujeu.

Sometime during or past 1126, Odo I was taken over by his maternal family. He then became Lord of Champlitte, which he likely inherited from his mother, Isabella, or from the generosity of his uncle Renaud III, Count of Burgundy.[1] He in turn would establish a new cadet branch in Champlitte. This Branch would also establish its own branch, the House of Champlitte-Pontailler. Which was when William I, son of Odo I, acquired the Lordship of Pontailler.

King Stephen I of England, 1135–1154, was both a member of the House of Blois and the last Anglo-Norman King, being the grandson of William the Conqueror through his daughter Adela of Normandy.[2]

A branch of the family was established in Sancerre by Stephen I of Sancerre, a younger son of Theobald II, Count of Champagne. This branch became extinct at the death of Margaret of Sancerre in 1418 or 1419.

Family tree

Family tree of the House of Blois from Theobald the Elder until the extinction of all cadet branches. The chart passes by a king of England, a king of Jerusalem, three kings and a queen of Navarre.

Rulers

Ruler Born Reign Death Ruling part Consort Notes
Theobald I the Trickster 913 928-975 975 Blois Luitgarde of Vermandois
four children 		Founder of the Blois ruling dynasty. Until 1041, the counts of Blois were also the Counts of Tours.
Odo I 950 975-996 12 March 996 Blois Bertha of Burgundy
983
six children
Theobald II c.985 996-1004 11 July 1004 Blois Unmarried Left no heirs, he was succeeded by his brother Odo.
Odo II/I 983 1004-1037 15 November 1037 Blois Maud of Normandy
1003/4
no children

Ermengarde of Auvergne
c.1005
three/four children 		Seized Champagne for himself, without royal approval, but kept these territories.
1022-1037 Troyes & Meaux (Champagne)
Stephen II ? 1037-1047 1047 Troyes & Meaux (Champagne) Adele
one child
Odo II 1040 1047-1066 1115 Champagne Adelaide of Normandy
c.1060
one child
1069-1115 Aumale
Theobald III 1012 1037-1089 1089 Blois Gersende of Maine
one child

Adele of Valois
four children
1066-1089 Champagne
Odo III 1062 1089-1093 1093 Champagne Unmarried Left no children, and he was succeeded by his brother Hugh.
Stephen Henry c.1045 1089-1102 19 May 1102 Blois Adela of Normandy
c.1080
Chartres
eleven children
Hugh 1074 1093-1125 1125 Champagne Constance of France
1094
one child

Isabelle of Burgundy
1110
one child? 		In 1125, after his death, his domains joined Blois.
Theobald IV/II the Great 1090 1102-1152 10 January 1152 Blois Matilda of Carinthia
1123
ten children 		He was also Count of Champagne from 1125.
1125-1152 Champagne
Stephen c.1070 1115-1127 1127 Aumale Hawise de Mortimer
c.1100
four children 		His father-in-law supported him in his claimancy for the throne of England.
William the Fat ? 1127-1179 20 August 1179 Aumale Cicely FitzDuncan, Lady of Skipton
c.1130
eleven children 		He was also made Earl of York. Left his domains in Aumale to his only daughter, Hawise.
Henry I the Liberal December 1127 1152-1181 16 March 1181 Champagne Marie of France
1159
four children 		First son of Theobald II/IV, inherited Champagne.
Theobald V the Good 1130 1152-1191 20 January 1191 Blois Sybil of Chateaurenault
no children

Alix of France
1164
seven children 		Second son of Theobald II/IV, inherited Blois.
Hawise ? 1179-1194 11 March 1214 Aumale William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex
c.1180
no children

William de Forz
c.1190
one child

Baldwin of Bethune
1196
one child 		Ruled together with her husbands. In 1194, Philip II of France took Aumale to royal domain.
Aumale was annexed to the Kingdom of France
Henry II 29 July 1166 1181-1190 10 September 1197 Champagne Isabella I of Jerusalem
6 May 1192
two children 		Left Champagne in Crusade and established there as king consort of Jerusalem. Left the regency to his mother.
Marie of France (regent) 1145 1190-1197 11 March 1198 Champagne Henry I, Count of Champagne
1159
four children 		Established the patched lands of Champagne as an unified territory. With the death of Henry II in Jerusalem, she passed the county to her youngest son, Theobald.
Louis I 1172 1191-1205 14 April 1205 Blois Catherine, Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
1184
three children
Theobald III 13 May 1179 1197-1201 24 May 1201 Champagne Blanche of Navarre
1 July 1199
Chartres
one child
Blanche of Navarre (regent) 1177 1201-1222 13 March 1229 Champagne Theobald III, Count of Champagne
1 July 1199
Chartres
one child 		Regent for her son. Protected him in the War of the Succession of Champagne, and also through her, he would inherit the Kingdom of Navarre.
Theobald IV/I the Troubadour 30 May 1201 1222-1234

1234-1253 		8 July 1253 Champagne

Champagne & Navarre 		Gertrude of Dagsburg
1220
(annulled 1222)
no children

Agnes of Beaujeu
1222
one child

Margaret of Bourbon
12 September 1232
six children 		Posthumous son of Theobald III, inherited Navarre from his uncle in 1234.
Theobald VI 1190 1205-1218 16/22 April 1218 Blois Mathilde of Alençon
c.1210
no children

Clemence de Roches
no children 		Left no heirs. He left the county to his paternal aunt, Margaret. He also left a small county around Chartres to another of his aunts, Isabelle.
Margaret 1170 1218-1230 12 July 1230 Blois Hugh of Oisy
no children

Otto I, Count of Burgundy
1192
two children

Walter II of Avesnes
two children 		Left the county to his daughter from Walter of Avesnes, Marie.
Margaret of Bourbon (regent) 1217 1253-1256 12 April 1256 Champagne Theobald I of Navarre
12 September 1232
six children 		Regent for her son.
Theobald V/II 1238 1256-1270 4 December 1270 Champagne & Navarre Isabella of France
6 April 1255
no children 		Left no children. He was succeeded by his brother.
Henry III/I 1244 1270-1274 22 July 1274 Champagne & Navarre Blanche of Artois
February 1269
Melun
two children
Blanche of Artois (regent) 1248 1274-1284 2 May 1302 Champagne & Navarre Henry I of Navarre
February 1269
Melun
two children

Edmund Crouchback
3 February 1276
Paris
three children 		Regent for her daughter, Joan.
Joan I 14 January 1273 1284-1305 31 March/2 April 1305 Champagne & Navarre Philip IV of France
16 August 1284
seven children

Genealogy

Arms

House Arms
Ancient Arms
Main Arms
House of Blois-Chartres
House of Blois-Champagne
House of Blois-Navarre
House of Sancerre
House of Sully
House of Sully (after 1346)
House of Champlitte
House of Lacarre
Other House Arms
House of Aumale
House of Champlitte-Pontailler
House Arms Variants
House of Champlitte
House of Blois-Navarre
Personal Arms
Stephen I of Sancerre
Stephen II of Sancerre
Louis I of Sancerre
John II of Sancerre
Odo-Archambaud III of Sully
John of Sully
(Variant) John of Sully
Louis I of Blois
(Attributed) Stephen I of Blois
(Attributed) Stephen II of Blois
Other Personal Arms
William I of Boulogne
Joan I of Navarre
Guy II of Pontailler
Tabard and coat of arms of Champagne

See also

References

  1. ^ Histoire des Ducs et Comtes de Champagne, Marie Henry d'Arbois de Jubainville, 1865.
  2. ^ David Crouch. The Reign of King Stephen, 1135-1154, Pearson Education, Harlow, England, 2000.
House of Blois
Preceded by Ruling house of England
1135–1154 		Succeeded by
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