Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Human rights in Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast is a sub-Saharan nation in West Africa. It is a representative presidential democracy where rights are protected in the constitution, international law, and common law. As a member of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, it is a party to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights[1] and a signatory to major international human-rights agreements. In 2011, the Second Ivorian Civil War saw increases in violence and human-rights abuses. Although progress has been made towards reconciliation, the trial of former first lady Simone Gbagbo (who was acquitted in 2017) suggests that the root causes have not been addressed; no one has been convicted of crimes against humanity. According to a 2018 Human Rights Watch report, "Ongoing indiscipline by members of the security services and violent army mutinies demonstrated the precariousness of the country’s newfound stability."[2]

Sources of rights

Constitution

Human rights are protected in the 2016 Ivory Coast Constitution's Title 1: Rights, Freedoms and Duties.[3]

  • Article 3 protects the right to life.
  • Article 4 protects the right against discrimination based on religion, ethnicity, race, opinions, social status or sex.
  • Article 5 prohibits slavery, torture, forced labor, genital mutilation and human trafficking.
  • Article 6 protects free and equal access to justice.
  • Article 7 protects the right to a fair and lawful trial.
  • Article 9 protects the right to education and healthcare.
  • Article 11 protects the right to own.
  • Article 15 protects decent working conditions and fair pay.
  • Article 16 protects the rights of child laborers.
  • Article 17 protects the right to participate in a trade union.
  • Article 19 protects freedom of thought and expression.
  • Article 20 protects freedom of association.
  • Article 23 protects the right to asylum for anyone fearing persecution on the grounds of religious, political or philosophical convictions.
  • Article 24 protects culture and art.[4]

International human-rights laws

Ivory Coast accepted the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in 2003, making the country liable for international human-rights crimes committed after 19 September 2002.[5] It signed and ratified the 2002 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 15 February 2013.[6] Although Ivory Coast has signed some of the major human-rights conventions, it has not yet signed treaties concerning migrant-worker rights, apartheid and forced disappearance (leaving it unaccountable to the United Nations and other countries).

International human-rights treaties
Treaty Organisation Introduced Signed Ratified
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women[7] United Nations 1979 1980 1995
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[8] United Nations 1999 - 2012
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide[9] United Nations 1948 - 1995
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination[10] United Nations 1966 - 1973
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[11] United Nations 1966 - 1992
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[12][a] United Nations 2008 - -
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[13] United Nations 1966 - 1992
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[14] United Nations 1966 - 1997
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid[15][a] United Nations 1973 - -
Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity[16][a] United Nations 1968 - -
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment[17] United Nations 1984 - 1995
Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment[18][a] United Nations 2002 - -
International Convention against Apartheid in Sports[19][a] United Nations 1985 - -
Convention on the Rights of the Child[20] United Nations 1989 1990 1991
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict[21] United Nations 2000 - 2012
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography[22] United Nations 2000 - 2011
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure[23][a] United Nations 2011 - -
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty[24][a] United Nations 1989 - -
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families[25][a] United Nations 1990 - -
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[26] United Nations 2006 2007 2014
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[27][a] United Nations 2006 2007 -
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance[28][a] United Nations 2006 - -
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Not ratified

Issues

2010–2011 crisis

Main article: 2010–11 Ivorian crisis

After the 2010 election, the United Nations-backed Independent Electoral Commission announced that Alassane Ouattara was the president of Ivory Coast.[29] However, Laurent Gbagbo refused to accept the election results and appealed them to the Ivorian Constitutional Council. The council annulled the results; Gbagbo claimed the presidency,[29] triggering political instability and violence.[30] According to Guillaume Ngefa, deputy director of the human-rights division of the United Nations operation in Ivory Coast, at least 462 people died in the violence.[31] Nearly 700,000 Ivorians were displaced.[32]

Ouattara's forces arrested Gbagbo in 2011 and handed him over to the International Criminal Court to face four charges of crimes against humanity, including murder, rape, and persecution.[33] Although human-rights abuses were committed by both sides during the crisis, only Gbagbo's crimes have been investigated by the International Criminal Court.[34]

Human trafficking

Human trafficking in Ivory Coast is a long-standing problem. Although the country is used for domestic and international trafficking of children and adults, domestic trafficking of children is most prevalent.[35] The United States government has identified the main industries for which male and female children and adults are trafficked;[35] females are trafficked primarily for sexual exploitation and forced labour. Child labour in the cocoa industry is widespread, with children brought in from surrounding countries to work in poor conditions on the plantations.[36] The 2016 constitution established the government's strong stance on eliminating trafficking in the country, with more laws and punishment.[37] The government established a four-year plan to combat human trafficking, and made their first arrests under the new legislation in 2018.[citation needed]

UNICEF and with other organisations are working to help reduce and eliminate human trafficking from Ivory Coast. UNICEF workers are stationed at the country's border to intercept child traffickers. It and its partner organizations work with the government to help strengthen and enforce existing laws.[38]

Child labour in the cocoa industry

Ivory Coast, producing 41 percent of the world's cocoa, is the world's largest producer;[39] the industry supplies 60 percent of the country's export revenue. Cocoa production employs nearly seven million people nationwide. The International Labour Organisation estimated that Ivory Coast has 378,000 working children; at the time, the country had not signed the Minimum Age Convention. Dangerous child labour on cocoa plantations has been widely reported, and international human-rights institutions have called for better regulation of a problem affecting an estimated 15,000 child slaves on the plantations.[40][41][42] The governments of Ivory Coast and Ghana signed a bilateral cooperation agreement in 2016 to fight cross-border trafficking and forced child labour.[43]

International Criminal Court

Ivory Coast accepted the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2003, although it was not a signatory of the Rome Statute at the time; it ratified the statute in February 2013.[44] The ICC opened an investigation after the 2011 post-election crisis, guided by the ICC prosecutor, of all crimes alleged from 19 September 2002 to the present. The investigation was the first of its kind in which the nation had accepted the jurisdiction of the court but not yet signed the Rome Statute.

After motu proprio investigations opened by the ICC prosecutor, a warrant was issued in 2011 for Laurent Gbagbo's arrest.[45] Gbagbo and former youth minister Charles Blé Goudé are being investigated for crimes against humanity, including murder, rape, attempted murder, and persecution.[46] Although Gbagbo is in ICC custody, his detention has been reviewed in light of his possible release for the remainder of his trial.[47] Gbagbo is the first former head of state to be tried by the ICC.[47]

Ivorian Human Rights League

The Ivorian Human Rights League (Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme, LIDHO) is a politically- and religiously-independent body with a goal of ensuring a fair and lawful legal system.[48] Established on 21 March 1987, it relies on donations from partner organisations.[48] The league focuses on research and producing educational materials as a lobby for the rule of law, denouncing human-rights violations and providing strategies for overcoming them.[49] LIDHO works in a number of areas, including gender equality and peace.[49] The league was not recognised until 1990, after the oppressive rule of Félix Houphouët-Boigny ended with his death.[50] Since their recognition, LIDHO has worked with international institutions to investigate human-rights abuses in Ivory Coast and have united organisations from a variety of religious, social and political backgrounds in the Convention of Ivorian Civil Society to work together for peace.[49]

United Nations

In 2004, the United Nations Operation in Ivory Coast (ONUCI) was formed to promote peace and human rights. Formed as unrest between Ivorian political parties increased, it worked towards a peace agreement. The ONUCI also worked to legitimise elections and minimise violence by both parties.[51] During the 2011 political crisis, UN peacekeepers worked to ensure the safety and protection of civilians caught in war.[52] The ONUCI's mandate was extended several times to reflect the changing political situation in the country. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said in March 2013 that although the operation could reduce its military presence due to increased political stability, considerable peace-building and national dialogue was still needed.[53] The operation ended on 30 June 2017, but the United Nations and other supporting organisations continue to provide funding and aid to maintain peace and work with the government to ensure stability.[54]

See also

References

  1. ^ "African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights". African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  2. ^ "Côte d'Ivoire Events of 2017". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  3. ^ "Cote D'Ivoire Constitution". Constitute Project. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Cote D'Ivoire 2016". Constitute Project. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Situation in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire". International Criminal Court. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  6. ^ "Situation in the Republic of the Côte d'Ivoire". International Criminal Court. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  7. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 8". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  8. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 8b". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  9. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 1". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  10. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 2". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  11. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 3". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  12. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 3a". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  13. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 4". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  14. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 5". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  15. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 7". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  16. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 6". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  17. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 9". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  18. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 9b". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  19. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 10". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  20. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 11". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  21. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 11b". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  22. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 11c". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  23. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 11d". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  24. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 12". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  25. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 13". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  26. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 15". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  27. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 15a". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  28. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter 4, Article 16". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  29. ^ a b "Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis" (PDF). Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  30. ^ Walt, Vivienne (21 December 2010). "Ivory Coast: Trying to Break a Bloody Cycle". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  31. ^ Touré, H. 2011, Summary of UNOCI Weekly Press Conference, United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire.
  32. ^ Nebehay, Stephany. "Nearly one million Ivorians uprooted by conflict: UNHCR". AF. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  33. ^ "Timeline: Ivory Coast". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  34. ^ ""They Killed Them Like It Was Nothing" | The Need for Justice for Côte d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crimes". Human Rights Watch. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  35. ^ a b "Cote d'Ivoire". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  36. ^ "Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery in Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)". gvnet.com. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  37. ^ "Cote d'Ivoire". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  38. ^ "Child trafficking in Côte d'Ivoire: Efforts under way to reverse a tragic trend". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  39. ^ "Challenges of the Cocoa Industry in Cote D'Ivoire". Child Labour Monitoring System.
  40. ^ Lamb, Christina (21 April 2001). "The child slaves of the Ivory Coast - bought and sold for as little as £40". Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  41. ^ "Inside Big Chocolate's Child Labor Problem". Fortune. Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  42. ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (10 November 2011). "Calls to end child labour on West Africa's cocoa farms". BBC News. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  43. ^ "GHANA AND COTE D' IVOIRE SIGN AGREEMENT TO FIGHT CHILD TRAFFICKING - Government of Ghana". www.ghana.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  44. ^ "Situation in Côte d'Ivoire". International Criminal Court. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  45. ^ Tawa, Netton Prince with Engelsdorfer, Alexandra. 2017. ‘Acceptance of the International Criminal Court in Côte d’Ivoire: Between the Hope for Justice and the Concern of ‘Victor’s Justice.’ In After Nuremberg. Exploring Multiple Dimensions of the Acceptance of International Criminal Justice, edited by Susanne Buckley-Zistel, Friederike Mieth and Marjana Papa. Nuremberg: International Nuremberg Principles Academy.
  46. ^ "Laurent Gbagbo and Charles Blé Goudé". Coalition for the International Criminal Court. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  47. ^ a b "ICC judges ordered to review Laurent Gbagbo's detention". Al Jazeera. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  48. ^ a b "Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme". World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  49. ^ a b c "Ligue Ivoirienne des Droits de l'Homme". Peace Insight. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  50. ^ C., Saha, Santosh (1999). Dictionary of human rights advocacy organizations in Africa. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313371295. OCLC 506229161.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ "The Election Context". United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (in French). 1 October 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  52. ^ "United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)" (PDF).
  53. ^ "UNOCI Background". United Nations Operation in Cote D'Ivoire.
  54. ^ "The Final Closure of the UNOCI". United Nations Operation in Cote D'Ivoire. 26 June 2017.

Read other articles:

Sirwal

Sirwal, juga saroual, [1] [2] seroual atau serouel [3] (bahasa Arab: سِرْوَال (sirwāl); Turki: şalvar, juga dikenal sebagai celana punjabi, dalam beberapa konteks, adalah bentuk celana panjang sebelum era Kristen. [4] Mereka biasanya dipakai di negara-negara Muslim, karena Muslim kita dilarang Isbal. tetapi juga secara luas di pedesaan Yunani dan tempat-tempat lain di Balkan yang dipengaruhi oleh Turki Ottoman sebelum Perang Dunia II. Celana tersebut awalnya bukan pakaian Arab tetapi d…

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury

British politician (born 1946) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Most HonourableThe Marquess of SalisburyKG KCVO PC DLLord Salisbury in 2013Chancellor of the Unive…

1948 United States presidential election in Arizona

Main article: 1948 United States presidential election 1948 United States presidential election in Arizona ← 1944 November 2, 1948[1] 1952 → All 4 Arizona votes to the Electoral College   Nominee Harry S. Truman Thomas E. Dewey Party Democratic Republican Home state Missouri New York Running mate Alben W. Barkley Earl Warren Electoral vote 4 0 Popular vote 95,251 77,597 Percentage 53.79% 43.82% County results Truman  40–50% …

Pierre François Joseph Durutte

Pierre François Joseph DuruttePortrait of General Durutte (1815)Born13 July 1767 (1767-07-13)Douai, FranceDied18 April 1827 (1827-04-19) (aged 59)Ypres, The NetherlandsAllegiance FranceService/branchInfantry, StaffYears of service1792-1815RankGeneral of DivisionBattles/warsFrench Revolutionary WarsNapoleonic WarsAwardsLégion d'HonneurOrder of Saint Louis Pierre François Joseph Durutte (13 July 1767 – 18 April 1827) joined the French army at the beginning of the Frenc…

Togo

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Togo (homonymie). République togolaise Drapeau du Togo Armoiries du Togo Devise Travail, liberté, patrie Hymne Terre de nos aïeux Fête nationale 27 avril · Événement commémoré Indépendance vis-à-vis de la France (1960) Administration Forme de l'État République, régime présidentiel Président de la République Faure Gnassingbé Première ministre Victoire Tomegah Dogbé Parlement Assemblée nationale Langue officielleLangues nationales Français[N …

Little Buddha

Little BuddhaSutradaraBernardo BertolucciProduserJeremy ThomasDitulis olehBernardo Bertolucci (cerita)Rudy WurlitzerMark PeploePemeranKeanu ReevesBridget FondaChris IsaakRuocheng YingRudraprasad SenguptaPenata musikRyuichi SakamotoSinematograferVittorio StoraroPenyuntingPietro ScaliaDistributorMiramax FilmsTanggal rilis25 Mei 1994Durasi140 menitNegara Amerika SerikatBahasaInggrisIMDbInformasi di IMDb Little Buddha adalah sebuah film drama asal Amerika Serikat buatan tahun 1994 dan disutrad…

2015 Winter Universiade

Multi-sport event in Spain and Slovakia XXVII Winter Universiade XXVII Universiada de invierno XXVII Zimná univerziádaHost cityGranada, SpainŠtrbské Pleso, Slovakia (Nordic & Biathlon)Nations30 (SVK)34 (ESP)[1]Athletes1,551Events68 in 11 sportsOpening24 January 2015 (Nordic & biathlon)4 February 2015Closing1 February 2015 (Nordic & biathlon)14 February 2015Opened byAndrej Kiska and Sebastian Pérez OrtizAthlete's OathSara HurtadoJudge's OathJosé CerviTorch lighterPavol H…

Pengadilan Militer Tinggi

Pengadilan Militer Tinggi (disingkat Dilmilti) adalah pengadilan yang bertugas untuk memeriksa dan memutus pada tingkat pertama perkara pidana dan sengketa Tata Usaha Militer sebagaimana ditentukan dalam pasal 41 Undang-Undang RI Nomor 31 Tahun 1997 yakni prajurit yang berpangkat Mayor ke atas. Selain itu, Pengadilan Militer Tinggi juga memeriksa dan memutus pada tingkat banding perkara pidana yang telah diputus oleh Pengadilan Militer dalam daerah hukumnya yang dimintakan banding. Nomenklatur B…

SMP Negeri 13 Semarang

SMP Negeri 13 SemarangInformasiJenisNegeriAkreditasiA[1]Nomor Pokok Sekolah Nasional20328824MaskotTenguKepala SekolahDrs. H. Nusantara, MM; NIP. 196010101988031015Rentang kelasVII sampai IXAlamatLokasiJl. Lamongan Raya, Sampangan, Kecamatan Gajahmungkur, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, IndonesiaTel./Faks.(024) 8316241Situs webwww.smpn13-semarang.sch.idSurelinfo@smpn13-semarang.sch.idMoto SMP Negeri (SMPN) 13 Semarang, merupakan salah satu Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri yang ada di Jl. …

Shin splints

Medical conditionShin splintsOther namesMedial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS),[1] soleus syndrome,[2] tibial stress syndrome,[2] periostitis[2]Red area represents the tibia. Pain is generally in the inner and lower 2/3rds of tibia.SpecialtySports medicineSymptomsPain along the inside edge of the shinbone[1]ComplicationsStress fracture[2]Risk factorsRunners, dancers, military personnel[2]Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, medical imaging[…

Shirley Bassey

Welsh singer (born 1937) DameShirley BasseyCH DBEBassey in 1971Background informationBirth nameShirley Veronica BasseyBorn (1937-01-08) 8 January 1937 (age 87)Cardiff, WalesGenres Pop jazz Occupation(s)SingerYears active1953–presentLabels Philips Columbia Decca United Artists Geffen Musical artist Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey CH DBE (/ˈbæsi/; born 8 January 1937)[1] is a Welsh singer. Best known for her career longevity, powerful voice and recording the theme songs to th…

Ne vois-tu pas ?

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chanson, le Concours Eurovision de la chanson et la Suisse. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Ne vois-tu pas ? Chanson de Madeleine Pascal auConcours Eurovision de la chanson 1966 Sortie 1966 Langue Français Genre Pop, chanson française Auteur Roland Schweizer Compositeur Pierre Brenner Classement 6e (12 points) Chansons représentant la Suisse au…

Maureen Connolly Memorial Dallas 1973

Maureen Connolly Memorial Dallas 1973 Sport Tennis Data 5 marzo - 11 marzo Edizione 2a Superficie Sintetico indoor Campioni Singolare Virginia Wade Doppio Evonne Goolagong / Janet Young Il Maureen Connolly Memorial Dallas 1973 è stato un torneo di tennis giocato sul sintetico indoor. È stata la 2ª edizione del torneo, che fa parte del Women's International Grand Prix 1973. Si è giocato a Dallas negli USA dal 5 all'11 marzo 1973. Indice 1 Campionesse 1.1 Singolare 1.2 Doppio 2 Collegamenti es…

世界政區索引

此條目可能包含不适用或被曲解的引用资料，部分内容的准确性无法被证實。 (2023年1月5日)请协助校核其中的错误以改善这篇条目。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 各国相关 主題列表 索引 国内生产总值 石油储量 国防预算 武装部队（军事） 官方语言 人口統計 人口密度 生育率 出生率 死亡率 自杀率 谋杀率 失业率 储蓄率 识字率 出口额 进口额 煤产量 发电量 监禁率 死刑 国债 外…

Championnat d'Irlande de football 2018

Airtricity League 2018 Généralités Sport Football Organisateur(s) FAI Édition 98e Lieu(x) Irlande Date 16 février 201826 octobre 2018 Participants 20 équipes Site web officiel http://www.sseairtricityleague.ie/ Palmarès Tenant du titre Cork City FC Promu(s) en début de saison Waterford United Vainqueur Dundalk FC Deuxième Cork City FC Troisième Shamrock Rovers Relégué(s) Bray WanderersLimerick FC Meilleur(s) buteur(s) Patrick Hoban (29) Navigation Édition précédente Édition suiva…

Hell of a Collection

2001 compilation album by The RasmusHell of a CollectionCompilation album by The RasmusReleased2001 (re-released in 2004)Recorded1995 - 2001GenreAlternative rockPop rockFunk rockLength61:33LabelWarner Music FinlandProducerVarious (See below)The Rasmus chronology Hell of a Tester(1998) Hell of a Collection(2001) Into(2001) Hell of a Collection (stylized Hellofacollection, as one word) is the first compilation album by the Finnish band The Rasmus, released in 2001 by Warner Music Finland. …

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна  Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для плануван…

نفر كا رع الثاني

نفر كا رع الثانيNeferkare IIقائمة الملوك في أبيدوس ، الخرطوش رقم 42.فرعون مصرسبقهمن كا رعتبعهنفر كا رع نبي الألقاب الملكية اسم التتويج: نفر كا رع جميلة هي قدرة رعالاسم الشخصي: Nefer-ka-Re نفر كا رع اسم حورس الذهبي:  أسر مصر القديمة الأسر المبكرة • الأسرة الأولى (ح. 3050 – 2890 ق.م) • ال…

أنطونيوس فيلكس

أنطونيوس فيلكس معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 10   نابولي  الوفاة القرن 1  يهودية مواطنة روما القديمة  الزوجة دروسيلا الموريطنية الصغرىدروسيلا (ابنة أغريباس الأول)  الحياة العملية المهنة مسؤول  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   أنطونيوس فيلكس الحاكم الروماني على اليهودية من …

Analysis of Functional NeuroImages

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for products and services. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is like…

Raja udang biru langit
Let's Stay Together (TV series)
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Broken Wings (Mr. Mister song)
The Castle (novel)
/profillengkap.com/index.php/en/2022 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Shane Hill
Miss Grand Japan 2016
Perang Dunia III
Kabupaten Agam
Maria Leszczyńska
Culas
Between Showers
Bangunsari, Dolopo, Madiun
Glenea arouensis
E-Court
Kota Surabaya
Şemseddin of Karaman
Katrín Magnússon
Eumeces indothalensis
Katedral Valle de Chalco
Derailleur
International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds
Groupuscules se réclamant héritiers de l'OAS
Heathrow Airport
VFW-Fokker
Nick Gates (cyclist)
Nur Tatar
Hollywood
History of the National Football League championship
Sukamanah, Cisaat, Sukabumi
Xinjiang
Marysville, California
Прикладная математика
Tanjung Seteko, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir
Paraneoptera
Green junglefowl
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sebelas Maret
Pasukan Gerakan Khas
Dennis S. Sands
Antisemitism in Spain
Rahzel
330 North Wabash
العلاقات السيراليونية الكورية الشمالية
العلاقات الأمريكية الجيبوتية
Gausón
Adirondack Junior Thunder
Marriott's Grand Chateau
Morgan Hill Unified School District
Van Vigyan Kendra
WKTQ (FM)
Deep Space Homer
1938 United States Senate election in North Carolina
Desmacella annexa
Walthamstow Central station
Maharshi Dayanand University
Bumireso, Wonosobo, Wonosobo
Howard Walter Florey
Manukodia jobi
Teknik telekomunikasi
Matriculation exam (Finland)
Beauty and the Devil
1947–48 Minneapolis Lakers season
Massachusetts Senate's 5th Middlesex district
Carluke
Pogona
Martha Remmert
Application-specific integrated circuit
Raffaele Maiello (calciatore)
Prospect Point Observation Tower
Crescent University
Revolt of Rajab Ali
Iranian Armenians
En-tarah-ana
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1957
Gamma diversity
Flash Thompson
Japanese occupation of Kiska
Longwood Range
FC Barcelona Handbol
Feral child
Chattium
Siege of Kerak
Cuthbert Sebastian
Sara Alberti
Monokini
Stuart Bunce
Avestan
Xiulin, Hualien
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam
Patty Mills
Liste des présidents de la Géorgie
Unione Sportiva Dilettantistica Caravaggio
Baron Hunsdon
One Night with the King
Miguel Vieira
Oxetorone
Lonely Boy (film)
Capricorn Energy
St. Paul's Hospital (Hong Kong)
Subway Series
Nicetes of Smyrna
McCormick & Schmick's
St Pancras railway station
76e régiment d'infanterie territoriale
Liste de ponts d'Angola
Il collezionista di ossa (film)
Kota Bangun Darat, Kutai Kartanegara
Maxwell House
Элвис (фильм, 2022)
Asosa Zone
Dan River (China)
Copac
Nati il 16 maggio
2023–24 Wessex Football League
Newlin Mill Complex
Fred Hochberg
Giuditta
Adam's ale
Legal name
Trần Thị Thùy Dung
1995 Saskatchewan general election
Montmeyan
Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ru/Каподистрия, Иоанн
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ru/Кара-Мурза, Сергей Георгиевич
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ru/Украинцы в Израиле
Palagruža
Hwang Jini
Hornillayuso
Soviet destroyer Sderzhanny
1955 Sun Bowl
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Sen (musik)
جائحة فيروس كورونا في فيتنام
Sport en Hongrie
1785 in Scotland
Hassan Arianfard
1923 North Texas State Teachers Eagles football team
1587 in science
1991 Thriftway ATP Championships
Leguignon the Healer
Dennis Peron
Marcin Kaczmarek (footballer, born 1974)
1975 Dutch Open (tennis)
Template talk:Shopping centres in New Zealand
Thorhild Widvey
Lower house
Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
Pembicaraan Pengguna:Bonaditya
Blue Brook (Green Brook tributary)
William Marshall (Scottish composer)
Lastminute.com
Clinical epidemiology
Official Monster Raving Loony Party
真理黨 (台灣)
List of accolades received by Chennai Express
Thirtysomething
Insular area
National Party (United States)
Ramsey County, North Dakota
Diocese of Samland
Timeline of the English Reformation
Urbanization in India
Touquin
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Media (kawasan)
Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge
Grade (climbing)
2019 NRL Finals Series
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Dana Rosemary Scallon
Skysail
Mike Bell (defensive lineman)
Investigative judgment
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
Rocchetta Belbo
Yugo Iiyama
Jamal Jones (baloncestista)
Premier Christian Radio
Selección femenina de fútbol de Escocia
Louis Jacques Thénard
Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore
Dan Serafini
Amadeo, Cavite
List of U-boat types
Fast-Walking
1962 European Athletics Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles
Hercules in the Underworld
Lewis Island (South Australia)
String Theory: Cohesion
Вільнюс
Red Sleigh Down
John Hawkes (actor)
Thunder Road (board game)
American Cinematographer
Air HQ Communication Squadron, Indian Air Force
Anapoima
Cineworld Glasgow
Old Salem
S'more
Coolderry
Veney
The Voice of the Negro
Perm, Russia
Nasionalisme Hindu
Universitas Bina Darma
Ratliff Stadium
Dragan
The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History
Référence (programmation)
2010 San Diego Padres season
The Sword of the Lictor
Northern Belle (train)
Daniel James (footballer)
Gesvres-le-Chapitre
تصنيف:بلغاريا
Kenneth Pitzer
List of railway stations in Pakistan
Fort Mountain State Park
Montigny-sur-Aube
Barbara Claßen
Ponte di Cesare sul Reno
Rockmond Dunbar
(359366) 2009 VK20
Anthony Berkeley Cox
Murambi
Annie Koutrakis
Strzegom
Juan Carlos Barreto
Geography of Minneapolis
2023 CFL Premier Division
Grand Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise 2007
HNK Rijeka
Va, pensiero
The Haunter of the Dark
National Union for Democracy and Progress (Benin)
Science Central
Nokia N97
United Nations Security Council Resolution 444
The Moth Diaries (film)
Inuit Ataqatigiit
Domestic violence in the United States
Siphonochalina balearica
Kenichi Matsuyama
Ciro Capuano
Kompetisi Film Begadang
European Artistic Gymnastics Championships – Women's vault
Forêt classée de Pinselly
Орден Святого Георгия (Российская Федерация)
Harry Messel
Billy Joe Royal
Sekel
British Army (1811 ship)
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya