Hummay

Hummay (Umme, Houmé or Hume) was the first Muslim mai (king) and founder of the Sayfawa dynasty. He ruled the Kanem–Bornu Empire from either 1085 to 1097 or 1075 to 1086, after 'Abd ul Jalil of the Duguwa dynasty was overthrown.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

The dynasty was to survive until 1846. His rule had important consequences because of the spread of Islam during his reign. This provoked some dissension, causing the toubou to break from the empire and move east. He performed the hajj twice, but died in Egypt during his third voyage, while accompanied by his son and successor Dunama I.^[6]

References

^ Urvoy, Y. (1949). Historie De L'Empire Du Bronu (Memoires De L'Institut Francais D'Afrique Noire, No. 7 ed.). Paris: Librairie Larose. pp. 26, 35.
^ Palmer, Richmond (1936). The Bornu Sahara and Sudan. London: John Murray. pp. 91, 155–163.
^ Barth, Henry (1890). Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa. London: Ward, Lock, and Co. p. 361. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
^ Niane, Djibril Tamsir, ed. (1984). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 261. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
^ Lange, Dierk (2009). "The Early Magistrates and Kings of Kanem as Descendants of Assyrian State Builders". Anthropos. 104 (1): 13. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2009-1-3. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 40467104.
^ Page, Willie F. (2005). Davis, R. Hunt (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (Illustrated, revised ed.). Facts On File. p. 231.

Barkindo, Bawuro, "The early states of the Central Sudan: Kanem, Borno and some of their neighbours to c. 1500 A.D.", in: J. Ajayi und M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, vol. I, 3. ed. Harlow 1985, 225-254.
Lange, Dierk: "The Chad region as a crossroads", in: M. El Fasi (ed.), General History of Africa, vol. III, UNESCO, London 1988, p. 436-460.
Palmer, Richmond: The Bornu Sahara and Sudan, London 1936 (English translation of the Dīwān, pp. 89–95).

Preceded by 'Abd ul Jalil	King of Kanem 1085—1097	Succeeded by Dunama I

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[Urvoy-1] Urvoy, Y. (1949). Historie De L'Empire Du Bronu (Memoires De L'Institut Francais D'Afrique Noire, No. 7 ed.). Paris: Librairie Larose. pp. 26, 35.

[Palmer-2] Palmer, Richmond (1936). The Bornu Sahara and Sudan. London: John Murray. pp. 91, 155–163.

[Barth-3] Barth, Henry (1890). Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa. London: Ward, Lock, and Co. p. 361. Retrieved 10 March 2019.

[4] Niane, Djibril Tamsir, ed. (1984). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. p. 261. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0. Retrieved 2024-02-20.

[5] Lange, Dierk (2009). "The Early Magistrates and Kings of Kanem as Descendants of Assyrian State Builders". Anthropos. 104 (1): 13. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2009-1-3. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 40467104.

[6] Page, Willie F. (2005). Davis, R. Hunt (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (Illustrated, revised ed.). Facts On File. p. 231.

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Hummay

See also

References

Further reading

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