Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics

Ice hockey at the
Games of the VII Olympiad
1st Ice Hockey; World Championships
	Picture of the Gold Medal-winning Winnipeg Falcons taken en route to the 1920 Olympics (photo includes an unidentified ships' officer and a woman)
Tournament details
Host country	Belgium
Dates	April 23–29, 1920
Format	Bergvall System
Teams	7
Final positions
Champions	Canada; Winnipeg Falcons (1st title)
Runner-up	United States
Third place	Czechoslovakia
Fourth place	Sweden
Tournament statistics
Games played	10
Goals scored	99 (9.9 per game)
Attendance	6,946 (695 per game)
Scoring leader(s)	Herb Drury (14 points)
	1924 →

Ice hockey was introduced to the Olympic Games at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.^[1]^[2] The tournament also served as the first World Championships. The matches were played between April 23 and April 29, 1920. Canada, represented by the Winnipeg Falcons, won the gold medal.^[3] The silver went to the United States and Czechoslovakia took the bronze.

Summary

The organizing committee for the hockey matches included Paul Loicq, the captain of the Belgian team and a future president of the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG).^[4] The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams.^[5]

The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) chose the Winnipeg Falcons as the 1920 Allan Cup champions to represent the Canada men's national team, instead of forming a national all-star team on short notice.^[6]^[7] Canada's manager W. A. Hewitt, introduced the CAHA rules of play to the LIHG at the Olympics.^[8] Writer Andrew Podnieks described Hewitt's interpretation of the rules as "competitive yet gentlemanly", and that the rules of play were accepted for Olympic hockey.^[9] Hewitt refereed the first Olympic hockey game played, an 8–0 win by the Sweden men's national team versus the Belgium men's national team, on April 23, 1920.^[10]

All matches took place in the Palais de Glace d'Anvers (ice palace of Antwerp).^[3] The rink was smaller than North American standards, measuring 56 metres (184 ft) long by 18 metres (59 ft) wide. All games were played with seven players per side, with the rover position being used. For the duration of each match no substitutions were permitted and if a player exited the game due to injury the opposing team was forced to take a player out as well. Additional differences from modern play included a prohibition on forward passing and the requirement that all players including the goaltender be standing on his skates to play the puck.^[4] The duration of each game was two periods of twenty minutes each.^[3] Any game tied at the end of forty minutes would be extended by two periods of five minutes each, not sudden death. If tied at the end of fifty minutes, this process would repeat—and repeat as many times as needed until a winner is declared.

This was the first ice hockey tournament at an Olympic Games, and the only ever instance of it at a Summer Olympics.^[3] An ice hockey tournament was part of the inaugural Winter Olympics in 1924 and has been part of every Winter program since then.

Medalists

Gold	Silver	Bronze
Canada (CAN) Robert Benson Walter Byron Frank Fredrickson Chris Fridfinnson Magnus Goodman Haldor Halderson Konrad Johannesson Allan Woodman	United States (USA) Raymond Bonney Anthony Conroy Herbert Drury Edward Fitzgerald George Geran Frank Goheen Joseph McCormick Lawrence McCormick Frank Synott Leon Tuck Cyril Weidenborner	Czechoslovakia (TCH) Karel Hartmann Vilém Loos Jan Palouš Jan Peka Karel Pešek Josef Šroubek Otakar Vindyš Karel Wälzer

Participating nations

A total of 60 ice hockey players from 7 nations competed at the Antwerp Games:

Belgium (7)
Canada (8)
Czechoslovakia (8)
France (7)
Sweden (11)
Switzerland (8)
United States (11)

Format

Seven nations entered teams in the inaugural Olympic ice hockey tournament. The tournament format used the Bergvall system, starting with an elimination round to determine the gold medal winner, after which teams that lost to the tournament winner would play through a new bracket to determine silver. Finally, teams which lost to either the gold or silver winners would face off in a third bracket to determine the bronze winner. For the gold medal round, teams were drawn into the bracket with France receiving a bye to the semifinals.

At the time of draw, the Swedish team questioned how the matchups for the later rounds would be determined and it was believed that teams advancing further in the earlier round would receive a bye.^[4] However, no decision was made and when it came time for the silver medal round Sweden and the United States were selected to play a semifinal game while Czechoslovakia received the bye. Later for the bronze medal round, organizers wanted to ensure the tournament would conclude on schedule but were reluctant to force the Czechoslovakians to play twice in one day. As a result, the Swedish team were made to play another semifinal game which would be their fourth in as many days with the bronze medal game the following day. This led to criticism of the format despite Bergvall later noting that the system was not used correctly.^[4]

Gold medal round (premier prix)

Bracket

Quarterfinals		Semifinals		Gold Medal Game

April 23

Sweden	8
		April 25
Belgium	0
		Sweden	4

		France	0

				April 26

				Canada	12
April 24
				Sweden	1
United States	29
		April 25
Switzerland	0
		Canada	2
April 24
		United States	0
Canada	15

Czechoslovakia	0

Quarterfinals

23 April 1920
21:30

Sweden

8 – 0
(5–0, 3–0)

Belgium

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

Burman	1 – 0
Johansson	2 – 0
Burman	3 – 0
Lindqvist	4 – 0
Burman	5 – 0
Johansson	6 – 0
Molander	7 – 0
Lindqvist	8 – 0

12 min

Penalties

6 min

24 April 1920
17:00

United States

29 – 0
(15–0, 14–0)

Switzerland

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

Conroy (8)
J. McCormick (7)
Drury (6)
Goheen (6)
Fitzgerald
Tuck

Goals

7 min

Penalties

0 min

24 April 1920
21:30

Canada

15 – 0
(7–0, 8–0)

Czechoslovakia

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Game reference

Walter Byron

Goalies

Jan Peka

Halderson (7)
Fredrickson (4)
Goodman (2)
Woodman
Johannesson

Goals

0 min

Penalties

0 min

Semifinals

25 April 1920
17:00

Sweden

4 – 0
(2–0, 2–0)

France

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Game reference

Seth Howander

Goalies

Jacques Gaittet

Referee:

Ernie Garon

Burman	1 – 0
Svensson	2 – 0
Molander	3 – 0
Lindqvist	4 – 0

0 min

Penalties

0 min

Shots

1

25 April 1920
21:00

Canada

2 – 0
(0–0, 2–0)

United States

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

Fredrickson	1 – 0
Johannesson	2 – 0

7 min

Penalties

5 min

Gold medal game

26 April 1920
22:00

Canada

12 – 1
(5–1, 7–0)

Sweden

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

Halderson – 1:15	1 – 0
Fridfinnson − 1:55	2 – 0
Fredrickson – 5:20	3 – 0
	3 – 1	15:58 – Svensson
Fredrickson – 16:00	4 – 1
Fredrickson – 17:35	5 – 1
Goodman – 23:47	6 – 1
Benson – 28:09	7 – 1
Fredrickson – 29:15	8 – 1
Fredrickson – 29:30	9 – 1
Fredrickson – 34:55	10 – 1
Halderson – 36:20	11 – 1
Fredrickson – 39:02	12 – 1

0 min

Penalties

0 min

Silver medal round (second prix)

Bracket

Semifinal		Silver Medal Game

April 27

United States	7
		April 28
Sweden	0
		United States	16

		Czechoslovakia	0

Semifinal

27 April 1920
22:00

United States

7 – 0
(5–0, 2–0)

Sweden

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Game reference

Cy Weidenborner

Goalies

Seth Howander

Drury (4)
Geran (3)

Goals

0 min

Penalties

0 min

Silver medal game

28 April 1920
22:00

United States

16 – 0
(7–0, 9–0)

Czechoslovakia

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

L. McCormick (7)
Drury (4)
Conroy (2)
Goheen
J. McCormick
Synott

Goals

0 min

Penalties

0 min

Bronze medal round (troisième prix)

Bracket

Semifinal		Bronze Medal Game

April 28

Sweden	4
		April 29
Switzerland	0
		Czechoslovakia	1

		Sweden	0

Semifinal

28 April 1920
23:30

Sweden

4 – 0
(0–0, 4–0)

Switzerland

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

Säfwenberg	1 – 0
Johansson	2 – 0
Arwe	3 – 0
Arwe	4 – 0

0 min

Penalties

0 min

Bronze medal game

29 April 1920
23:00

Czechoslovakia

1 – 0
(1–0, 0–0)

Sweden

Palais de Glace d'Anvers

Goalies

Referee:

1 – 0

0 min

Penalties

0 min

2

Shots

48

Statistics

Average age

Team France was the oldest team in the tournament, averaging 32 years and 11 months. Gold medalists team Canada was the youngest team in the tournament, averaging 24 years and 5 months. Tournament average was 26 years and 9 months.^[11]

Scoring leaders

Player	GP	G
Herb Drury (USA)	4	14
Frank Fredrickson (CAN)	3	12
Anthony Conroy (USA)	4	10
Haldor Halderson (CAN)	3	9
Joe McCormick (USA)	3	8
Moose Goheen (USA)	6	7
Larry McCormick (USA)	1	5
Erik Burman (SWE)	5	4
Gerry Geran (USA)	2	3
Magnus Goodman (CAN)	3	3

Source: olympedia.org

Final ranking

Pos	Team	Pld	W	L	GF	GA	GD
	Canada	3	3	0	29	1	+28
	United States	4	3	1	52	2	+50
	Czechoslovakia	3	1	2	1	31	−30
4	Sweden	6	3	3	17	20	−3
5	Switzerland	2	0	2	0	33	−33
5	France	1	0	1	0	4	−4
5	Belgium	1	0	1	0	8	−8

Source: olympedia.org

References

^ Justin Felisko. "When Ice Hockey Was A Summer Sport". USA Hockey Magazine. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
^ "Ice Hockey at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Smith, Stephen (23 April 2020). "Remembering Canada's first Olympic hockey gold: Winning gold 100 years ago in Antwerp, Belgium, Canada's team set a standard for Olympic hockey dominance that would last for three more successive Games". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hansen, Kenth (May 1996). "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920". LA84 Digital Library. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
^ "Story #21: Ice Hockey debuts at the Olympics". International Ice Hockey Federation. 2008. Archived from the original on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
^ Podnieks, Andrew (1997), p. 2
^ Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2005), pp. 28–29
^ "Pro Officials Like Own Interpretation Of Rules". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. December 7, 1957. p. 43.
^ Podnieks, Andrew (1997), p. 4
^ "IIHF Honour Roll: W. A. Hewitt". Legends of Hockey. Hockey Hall of Fame. 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
^ "Team Canada - Olympics - Antwerpen 1920 - Player Stats". QuantHockey. Retrieved 23 April 2020.

Sources

Podnieks, Andrew (1997). Canada's Olympic Hockey Teams: The Complete History 1920–1998. Toronto, Ontario: Doubleday Canada. ISBN 0-385-25688-4.
Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2005). Silverware. Toronto, Ontario: Fenn Publishing. ISBN 1-55168-296-6.
Hansen, Kenth (May 1996), "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920", Citius, Altiu, Fortius, 4 (2): 5–27
Wallechinsky, David; Loucky, Jaime (2005), The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: Turin 2006 Edition, Wilmington, Delaware: Sport Media Publishing, ISBN 1-894963-45-8

External links

1920 Olympic Games report (digitized copy online)
International Olympic Committee results database
Ishockey VM OS 1920-1939
Olympedia Olympic results database

[1] Justin Felisko. "When Ice Hockey Was A Summer Sport". USA Hockey Magazine. Retrieved 2016-10-25.

[SR-2] "Ice Hockey at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

[cangeo-3] Smith, Stephen (23 April 2020). "Remembering Canada's first Olympic hockey gold: Winning gold 100 years ago in Antwerp, Belgium, Canada's team set a standard for Olympic hockey dominance that would last for three more successive Games". Canadian Geographic. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

[hansen-4] Hansen, Kenth (May 1996). "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey – Antwerp 1920". LA84 Digital Library. Retrieved 2021-05-27.

[5] "Story #21: Ice Hockey debuts at the Olympics". International Ice Hockey Federation. 2008. Archived from the original on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2019-07-25.

[6] Podnieks, Andrew (1997), p. 2

[Podnieks-2005-7] Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2005), pp. 28–29

[8] "Pro Officials Like Own Interpretation Of Rules". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. December 7, 1957. p. 43.

[9] Podnieks, Andrew (1997), p. 4

[IIHF-honour-roll-10] "IIHF Honour Roll: W. A. Hewitt". Legends of Hockey. Hockey Hall of Fame. 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2022.

[11] "Team Canada - Olympics - Antwerpen 1920 - Player Stats". QuantHockey. Retrieved 23 April 2020.

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Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics

Summary

Medalists

Participating nations

Format

Gold medal round (premier prix)

Bracket

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Gold medal game

Silver medal round (second prix)

Bracket

Semifinal

Silver medal game

Bronze medal round (troisième prix)

Bracket

Semifinal

Bronze medal game

Statistics

Average age

Scoring leaders

Final ranking

References

Sources

External links

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