Index of geology articles

This is a list of all articles related to geology – Scientific study of Earth's physical composition that cannot be readily placed on the following subtopic pages:

Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time
List of chemical elements
List of compounds – Set index article
Lists of earthquakes
Geology of the English counties – List of Wikipedia articles on the geology of English counties
List of geologists – List of Wikipedia articles on notable geologists
List of individual rocks
Glossary of landforms – Links to Wikipedia articles on landforms
List of minerals – List of minerals with Wikipedia articles
List of minerals by optical properties
List of oil fields – Some of the major oilfields of the past and present
Outline of plate tectonics – Hierarchical outline list of articles related to plate tectonics
List of rock types – List of rock types recognized by geologists
List of tectonic plates
Lists of volcanoes

A

Asthenosphere – Highly viscous, ductile, and mechanically weak region of Earth's mantle
Astrogeology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
Aulacogen – Failed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone

B

Batholith – Large igneous rock intrusion
Beach – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
Bolide – Extremely bright meteor

C

Calcium – chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20
Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface
Cement – Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
Cementation – Process of chemical precipitation bonding sedimentary grains
Cenozoic – Third era of the Phanerozoic Eon
Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean
Concretion – Compact mass formed by precipitation of mineral cement between particles
Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments
Continent – Large geographical region identified by convention
Convergent boundary – Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
Crag and tail – Geographic feature created by glaciation
Crust – Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies

D

Datum (geodesy) – Reference frame for measuring location
Deposition – Geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass
Diapir – Type of geologic intrusion
Dike – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
Divergent boundary – Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Drumlin – Elongated hill formed by glacial action

E

Earth science – Fields of natural science related to Earth
Environmental engineering – Engineering discipline related to environmental science
Environmental geography – Intersection of human and physical geography
Eon – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than a supereon and longer than an era
Epigenesis
Epoch – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than a period and longer than an age
Era – Subdivision of geological time; shorter than an eon and longer than a period
Eustasy – Global sea level independent of local factors

F

Fahlband – Stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic minerals
Fall line – Meeting point of uplands and coastal plain
Felsic – Igneous rock rich in silica and feldspar

G

Geologic age – Smallest hierarchical geochronologic unit
Geologic fault – Fracture or discontinuity in displaced rock
Geologic modelling – Applied science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust
Geologic period – Geologic time unit shorter than an era, longer than an epoch
Geologic time scale – System that relates geologic strata to time
Geological phenomenon
Geologist – Scientist who studies geology
Geology – Scientific study of Earth's physical composition
Geology of the Alps – The formation and structure of the European Alps
Geomorphology – Scientific study of landforms
Geostatistics – Branch of statistics focusing on spatial data sets
Geyser – Natural explosive eruption of hot water
Glacial period, also known as Glaciation – Interval of time within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances
Graben – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults

H

Hadean – Geologic eon, 4567–4031 million years ago
Horst (geology) – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults
Hotspot (geology) – Volcanic region hotter than the surrounding mantle

I

Igneous rock – Rock formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
Integrated geography – Intersection of human and physical geography
Isostasy – State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle

K

Karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks

L

Laccolith – Mass of igneous rock formed from magma
List of geologists – List of Wikipedia articles on notable geologists
List of tectonic plates
List of rock types – List of rock types recognized by geologists
Lithosphere – Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
Lithotope – Geological term

M

Mafic – Silicate mineral or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
Mantle (geology) – Layer inside a planet between core and crust
Marine regression – Geologic event in which sea level falls relative to the land
Mass wasting – Movement of rock or soil down slopes
Matrix (geology) – Finer-grained material in a rock within which coarser material is embedded
Metamorphic rock – Rock that was subjected to heat and pressure
Meteorite – Solid debris from outer space that hits a planetary surface
Mineral – Crystalline chemical element or compound formed by geologic processes
Mining engineering – Engineering discipline
Mudpot – Hot spring, or fumarole, with limited water
Mud volcano – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases

N

O

Orogeny – The formation of mountain ranges

P

Paleontology – Study of life before the Holocene epoch
Pedology – Study of soils in their natural environment
Permeability (materials science) – Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
Petroleum engineering – Extracting crude oil and natural gas
Phosphate – Anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid
Piercement structure – Type of geologic intrusion
Planetary geology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
Plate tectonics – Movement of Earth's lithosphere
Porphyry (geology) – Movement of Earth's lithosphere
Proterozoic – Geologic eon, 2500–539 million years ago

Q

R

Regression (geology) – Geologic event in which sea level falls relative to the land
Relative density – Ratio of two densities
Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
Rock (geology) – Naturally occurring mineral aggregate
Rock strata – Layers of sediment, rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics
Rodinia – Hypothetical Neoproterozoic supercontinent
Rubidium–strontium dating – Radiometric dating technique for rocks and minerals

S

Sand – Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
Sandstone – Type of sedimentary rock
Sediment trap – Any topographic depression where sediments substantially accumulate over time
Sedimentary rock – Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
Sequence stratigraphy – Study and analysis of groups of sedimentary deposits
Silicate mineral – Rock-forming minerals with predominantly silicate anions
Sill – Tabular intrusion between older layers of rock
Stratigraphy – Study of rock layers and their formation
Stratum – Layer of sediment, rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics
Subduction – A geological process at convergent tectonic plate boundaries where one plate moves under the other

T

Tar pit – Asphalt pit or asphalt lake
Tenham (meteorite) – Chondritic meteorite that fell in 1879 in a remote area of Queensland, Australia
Timeline of geology – Chronological list of notable events in the history of the science of geology
Transform fault – Plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal
Transgression (geology) – Geologic event in which sea level rises relative to the land

U

Uniformitarianism – Assumption that the natural laws and processes of the universe are constant through time and space

Index of geology articles

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

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