Indians in Pakistan

Indians in Pakistan
पाकिस्तान में भारतीय; پاکستان میں ہندوستانی۔;
Total population
	2,016,501
Regions with significant populations
	Predominantly Punjab and Sindh
Languages
	Hindi–Urdu, Punjabi, others
Religion
	Islam; Hinduism; Sikhism;
Related ethnic groups
	Indian diaspora

Indians in Pakistan typically refers to Indian nationals working, studying or generally residing in Pakistan as expatriates. It also includes Indian emigrants to Pakistan, Indian spouses married to Pakistanis and Muhajirs.

History

There has been a history of immigration occurring between India and Pakistan due to the two countries sharing a common border.^[3]^[4] Between 1979 and 1981, there were estimated to be roughly 18,302 Indians who were overstaying illegally in Pakistan.^[5] According to Pakistani government figures in 1995, there were believed to be thousands of Indian immigrants living in Karachi, Sindh.^[6]^{[better source needed]}

In 2005, the Indian government acknowledged that there were 1,348 Indians in Pakistani jails, including civilians, captured fishermen, convicted criminals and prisoners of war.^[7] India has alleged that Dawood Ibrahim, a prominent Indian underworld don, resides in the Pakistani city of Karachi, although this claim has been rejected by Pakistan. Former President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, stated that Ibrahim is "held in 'high esteem' by many in [Pakistan]".^[8] In 2008, the Indian foreign ministry advised its citizens to avoid travel to Pakistan after a series of mass-suicide bombings in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.^[9]^[10] As of 2013, there were 1,184 Indians serving prison sentences in Pakistani jails.^[11]

Notable individuals

Ravindra Kaushik, a RAW agent arrested in Pakistan
Kashmir Singh – Indian spy captured while operating in Pakistan (imprisoned 1973–2008)
Kulbhushan Jadhav – Ex Indian Navy officer captured near the Iran–Pakistan border; alleged to be involved in espionage and terrorism in Balochistan, Pakistan^[12]^[13]^[14]
Lakhbir Singh Rode – Indian national and Sikh separatist, member of the Khalistan Zindabad Force
Parminder Singh Saini – Indian national and Sikh separatist operating in Canada; sentenced to death in Pakistan (later commuted to 10 years)
Sarabjit Singh – Indian national convicted for terrorist activity and espionage in Pakistan (d. 2013)^[15]^[16]^[17]

References

^ "Indian community in Pakistan celebrates Diwali". The Times of India. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
^ "What it feels like being a Sikh in Pakistan". India Today.
^ Natesan, G.A. (1957). Indian Review, Volume 58. University of California: G.A. Natesan & Co. p. 415.
^ Bagri, Neha Thirani (7 March 2017). "There are more Indian migrants living in Pakistan than the United States". Quartz. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
^ India today, Volume 7. University of Virginia: Thomson Living Media India Ltd. 1982. p. 60.
^ Tohid, Owais; Mahmud, Arshad (29 November 1995). "Homeless In Karachi". Outlook India. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ Mahendra, Gaur (2008). Foreign Policy Annual. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 536–537. ISBN 978-8178353425.
^ "Dawood Ibrahim is held in high esteem in Pakistan: Musharraf". NDTV. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ "Indians told Pakistan 'not safe' for them". Dawn. 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ "Avoid Pakistan travel, India tells citizens". 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ "1,184 Indians in Pak jails, says MEA". Times of India. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
^ "The Express Tribune". Watch: Kulbushan Jadhav's confession. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ "Timeline: How the Kulbhushan Jadhav saga unfolded". Dawn News. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ "Jadhav admits working for RAW during consular access". The Express Tribune. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ Web Edition (29 June 2012). "Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist: Surjeet". The News International 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2013. According to the testament of his fellow spy operatives, Surjeet Singh, confirming that Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist and terrorists are neither released by India nor Pakistan....
^ staff (2 May 2013). "Sarabjit Singh, how a terrorist becomes a hero". Voice of Journalist. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
^ "Sarabjit Singh: Indian 'spy' dies after Pakistan attack". BBC News. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.