Internet Routing Architectures

Internet Routing Architectures
AuthorBassam Halabi
LanguageEnglish
SubjectInternet routing, Border Gateway Protocol
PublishedApril 23, 1997 (first edition)
August 23, 2000 (second edition)
PublisherCisco Press, New Riders
Media typePrint and e-book
Pages477 (first edition)
528 (second edition)
ISBN978-1-56205-652-0 (first edition)
OCLC36988820

Internet Routing Architectures is a technical book about inter-domain routing and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), written by Sam Halabi. Cisco Press published the first edition in 1997.[1] A second edition followed in 2000.[2] It explains the design and operation of networks using BGP-4, with implementation examples based on Cisco IOS.

The book has been used as a BGP reference in professional guidance, university courses, and academic research. In 2003, Greg Hankins wrote in the USENIX magazine ;login: that it was still regarded as the "BGP bible"; he praised its depth and practical examples, and observed that its principles applied beyond the Cisco-specific configurations.[3] The second edition had reached its twelfth printing by May 2011,[4] and Japanese and Chinese translations were published.

Content

The second edition is arranged in four main parts. The first describes the development and structure of the Internet, the characteristics of Internet service providers, and IP address allocation. The second introduces interdomain routing and BGP-4. The third applies BGP to network-design problems, including route filtering, aggregation, redundancy, load balancing, large autonomous systems, and routing stability. The final part provides Cisco IOS configuration examples. Four appendices contain a BGP command reference, suggestions for further reading, and material on outbound route filtering and multiprotocol BGP.[2]

The book uses scenario-based explanations and configuration examples. Chapters conclude with frequently asked questions, moving from general routing concepts to protocol details and network designs.[5]

Publication history

The first edition was published on April 23, 1997, and carries ISBN 978-1-56205-652-0.[1] The second edition was published on August 23, 2000, as part of Cisco Press's Networking Technology series. It carries ISBN 978-1-57870-233-6 and added updated treatment of BGP-4.[2][6]

In a 2006 press release marking the imprint's tenth anniversary, Cisco Press identified Internet Routing Architectures as its first book and described it as an immediate bestseller.[7] The second edition had reached its twelfth printing by May 2011.[4]

A Japanese translation of the second edition, titled インターネットルーティングアーキテクチャ (Internet Routing Architecture), was published by SoftBank Publishing in August 2001.[8] A revised Chinese-language second edition, Internet 路由结构, was published by People's Posts and Telecommunications Press in 2015.[9]

Reception and legacy

In a 1998 review for the ACCU, Ruben Galea gave the first edition three out of five stars. Galea described it as a comprehensive treatment of interdomain routing, noting its progression from introductory concepts to practical BGP design. He concluded that it would be useful to organizations providing Internet service or connecting to an Internet service provider.[5]

Later assessments characterized the book as a standard reference. Hankins's 2003 article for USENIX described it as an in-depth treatment whose underlying principles were not limited to Cisco equipment.[3] In The Internet Encyclopedia, Prabhaker Mateti identified Halabi's book as one of two works that covered routing protocols extensively.[10] Jisc's guidance on multihoming called it "the definitive bible" on BGP,[11] while a TU Wien data-communications literature list labelled it the "BGP Bible".[12]

The second edition has been used in university courses on Internet routing. A 2002 Columbia University course assigned chapters from the book for classes on addressing and routing protocols.[13] It was also among the recommended books for a 2005 graduate seminar on network routing at Princeton University.[14] A network-architecture course at Instituto Superior Técnico provided the first six chapters as supporting material for its unit on interdomain routing and BGP.[15] The Barcelona School of Informatics lists the book in the basic bibliography for its Internet Protocols course.[16]

The book has also served as a technical reference in work on operational and theoretical routing problems. A 1999 USENIX paper about the redesign of Lucent Technologies' enterprise Internet connections cited the first edition in its explanation of BGP and AS-path manipulation.[17] Feng Wang and Lixin Gao cited the second edition in their 2003 study of routing policies between autonomous systems,[18] and Bernard Fortz, Jennifer Rexford and Mikkel Thorup cited it in their work on traffic engineering with conventional IP routing protocols.[19]

References

  1. ^ a b "Internet Routing Architectures (CISCO)". Cisco Press. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  2. ^ a b c "Internet Routing Architectures, 2nd Edition". Cisco Press. August 23, 2000. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  3. ^ a b Hankins, Greg (February 2003). "Introduction to the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)" (PDF). ((;login:)). Vol. 28, no. 1. USENIX Association. p. 56. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  4. ^ a b "Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition" (PDF). Cisco Press. May 2011. p. ii. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  5. ^ a b Galea, Ruben (February 1998). "Internet Routing Architectures: Design and Implementation". ACCU. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  6. ^ "Internet Routing Architectures, 2nd edition". Pearson. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  7. ^ "Cisco Systems and Cisco Press Celebrate 10-Year Publishing Partnership" (Press release). Cisco Systems. September 12, 2006. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  8. ^ Halabi, Sam; McPherson, Danny (August 2001). インターネットルーティングアーキテクチャ: BGPリソースの詳解 [Internet Routing Architecture: Detailed BGP Resource] (in Japanese). SoftBank Publishing. ISBN 978-4-7973-1312-3.
  9. ^ Halabi, Sam; McPherson, Danny (2015). Internet 路由结构 [Internet Routing Architectures] (in Chinese) (2nd, revised ed.). People's Posts and Telecommunications Press. ISBN 978-7-115-38335-8.
  10. ^ Mateti, Prabhaker (2004). "TCP/IP Suite". In Bidgoli, Hossein (ed.). The Internet Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047148296X.tie172.
  11. ^ "Multi-homing". Jisc community. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  12. ^ "Literature List: Data Communication" (PDF). TU Wien. 2007. p. 4. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  13. ^ "E6998-02: Internet Routing". Department of Computer Science, Columbia University. 2002. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  14. ^ "COS 598A: Network Routing". Department of Computer Science, Princeton University. Spring 2005. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  15. ^ "Inter-domain routing and BGP". Fénix, Instituto Superior Técnico. 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  16. ^ "Internet Protocols". Barcelona School of Informatics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  17. ^ Larkins, D. Brian (1999). "Internet Routing and DNS Voodoo in the Enterprise". Proceedings of the 13th Large Installation System Administration Conference. USENIX Association. pp. 239–250. Retrieved August 21, 2026.
  18. ^ Wang, Feng; Gao, Lixin (2003). "On inferring and characterizing internet routing policies". Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement. pp. 15–26. doi:10.1145/948205.948208.
  19. ^ Fortz, Bernard; Rexford, Jennifer; Thorup, Mikkel (2002). "Traffic engineering with traditional IP routing protocols". IEEE Communications Magazine. 40 (10): 118–124. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2002.1039866.


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