Ischnocera

Ischnocera
	Undetermined Strigiphilus species from a Ural owl (Strix uralensis), side view
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Psocodea
Suborder:	Troctomorpha
Infraorder:	Nanopsocetae
Parvorder:	Phthiraptera
Superfamily:	Ischnocera
Families
	Bovicolidae; Dasyonygidae; Goniodidae; Heptapsogasteridae; Lipeuridae; Philopteridae (paraphyletic); Trichodectidae; Trichophilopteridae;

The Ischnocera is a large superfamily of lice. They are mostly parasitic on birds, but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. The genus Trichophilopterus is also found on mammals (lemurs), but probably belongs to the "avian Ischnocera" and represents a host switch from birds to mammals. It is a chewing louse, which feeds on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many of the avian Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves between the feather shafts and avoid being dislodged during preening or flight.

The taxonomy of the group is in need of revision, as several phylogenetic studies have found the group to be paraphyletic, specifically in regards to the two major families Philopteridae and Trichodectidae. In order to resolve this, in 2020 de Moya et al. proposed retaining the majority of the species (including Philopteridae) within Ischnocera, and then moving Trichodectidae to its own grouping called Trichodectera.^[2]

Ischnocera currently consists of the following families:^[1]

Philopteroidea
- Goniodidae
- Heptapsogasteridae
- Lipeuridae
- Philopteridae (paraphyletic)
- Trichophilopteridae
Trichodectoidea

References

^ ^a ^b Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.
^ de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 32979270.

[Johnson2021-1] Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.

[deMoya2021-2] Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 32979270.

[1]

[2]

Agama	Bahasa	Biografi	Budaya	Ekonomi	Elektronika
Film	Filsafat	Geografi	Indonesia	Ilmu	Lingkungan
Masyarakat	Matematika	Militer	Mitologi	Musik	Olahraga
Pendidikan	Politik	Sastra	Sejarah	Seni	Teknologi

Ischnocera

References

Read other articles:

Salzburg (negara bagian)

Hubungan Fiji dengan Indonesia

Joglo

Ajibarang, Banyumas

العلاقات الأسترالية البنينية

Community Health Systems

Sigmaringen

Astro Warna

Tinker Cobblestone Farmstead

Carlos Alberto Rodríguez

Сибирский горный козёл

Aksi 31 Maret

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador

Sheilah Graham

أتراك

Neobatrachia

Henbury, Bristol

土库曼斯坦总统

عمرو بن الجموح

Buddhism in the Philippines

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia