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More than 12% of Kazakhstan exports in 2019 (approx. $7.25 billion) went to Italy - second only to China, and most of any other country in Europe, including Russia, which shares a border with Kazakhstan.[1] The Italian state oil company owns a 16.8% stake in the Kashagan oil field in Kazakhstan's Caspian Sea basin, and a 29.25% stake in the Karachaganak gas field with the Kazakhstan state oil company KazMunayGas.[2]
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