Ivan Stambolić

Ivan Stambolić
Ivan Stambolić
Иван Стамболић
	Stambolić in 1986
President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia
	In office; 5 May 1986 – 14 December 1987
Preceded by	Dušan Čkrebić
Succeeded by	Petar Gračanin
President of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Serbia
	In office; 17 May 1984 – 28 May 1986
Secretary	Radiša Gačić
Preceded by	Dušan Čkrebić
Succeeded by	Slobodan Milošević
President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Serbia
	In office; 6 May 1978 – 5 May 1982
Preceded by	Dušan Čkrebić
Succeeded by	Branislav Ikonić
Personal details
Born	5 November 1936; Brezova, Ivanjica, Yugoslavia
Died	25 August 2000 (aged 63); Fruška Gora, Serbia, Yugoslavia
Manner of death	Assassination
Resting place	Topčider Cemetery, Topčider
Political party	SKJ (until 1990)
Spouse(s)	Katarina "Kaća" Stambolić; née Živojinović (m. 1962)
Children	3
Relatives	Petar Stambolić (uncle)
Alma mater	University of Belgrade

Ivan Stambolić (Serbian: Иван Стамболић; 5 November 1936 – 25 August 2000) was a Serbian politician who served as the president of the League of Communists of Serbia (SKS) from 1984 to 1986. A prominent member of SKS, he also served as prime minister of Serbia from 1978 to 1982 and as president of Serbia from 1986 to 1987.

Stambolić was the mentor of Slobodan Milošević whom he also nominated as his successor to the position of the president of SKS. Milošević would, however, adopt populist positions and dismiss Stambolić and his allies in 1987. Stambolić retired from politics but remained in contact with opposition politicians during Milošević's rule in the 1990s. Stambolić was persuaded by the Democratic Opposition of Serbia to run against Milošević in the September 2000 general election, however, Stambolić disappeared in August 2000. It was later revealed that he was assassinated on the orders of Milošević. His uncle was politician Petar Stambolić.^[1]

Career

Born in village of Brezova near Ivanjica, Stambolić has graduated from the University of Belgrade's Law School. In May 1986, he became the President of Serbia. He was a mentor and a close personal friend to Slobodan Milošević, and supported him in the elections for the new leader of the League of Communists of Serbia, to the dismay of the other leaders in the party. Stambolić spent three days advocating Milošević's election and finally managed to secure him a tight victory, the tightest ever in the history of Serbian Communist Party internal elections.

Stambolić and Milošević held similar views on the autonomous provinces of Serbia, Kosovo and Vojvodina, both feeling that constitutional changes were necessary to sort out their relationship with the centre. Stambolić managed to win over the League of Communists of Yugoslavia to his position on this matter at the Thirteenth Congress of the LCY, held in 1986, and then set up a commission to work out the details of the constitutional reforms that were eventually passed in 1989. He also wanted to protect the rights of Serbs and Montenegrins in Kosovo, insisting as early as 1982 that he would speak up for those rights even if his opponents labelled him a Greater Serbian nationalist. Where Milošević and he differed on these matters was Milošević's demand for greater rapidity and his stronger sympathy for Serb demonstrators. It was the issue of speed that was to bring the two into conflict.

Stambolić and the Serbian government joined the federal Yugoslav government in harshly condemning the controversial Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts of 1986 for inciting nationalism.^[2] Stambolić said:

"We [communist party leaders] do not accept the Memorandum’s call for Serbia to turn its back on its own future and the future of Yugoslavia, for it to arbitrarily accuse the proven leaders of the revolution and of socialist development, for Serbian Communists to be seen as the illegitimate leaders of the working class and people of Serbia".^[3]

Dragiša Pavlović, Milošević's fairly liberal successor at the head of the Belgrade Committee of the party, opposed his policy towards the solving of the issues of the Kosovo Serbs, calling it "hastily promised speed". Milošević denounced Pavlović as being soft on Albanian radicals, contrary to advice from Stambolić. On 23/24 September 1987, at the subsequent eighth session of the Central Committee, one that lasted around 30 hours, and was broadcast live on the state television, Milošević had Pavlović deposed, to the utter embarrassment of Stambolić, who resigned under pressure from Milošević's supporters a few days later.

In December 1987, Stambolić was officially voted off the position and replaced by Petar Gračanin, who was in turn succeeded the following year by Milošević himself.

Disappearance and death

Stambolić mysteriously disappeared on 25 August 2000, still during the rule of Slobodan Milošević. On 28 March 2003, the police revealed that he was murdered on Fruška Gora by eight Special Operations Unit officers. On 18 July 2005, these men and their co-conspirators were found guilty of the murder of Stambolić and were sentenced to between 15 and 40 years in prison. The court found that the order for Stambolić's murder came from Slobodan Milošević.^[4]^[5]

References

^ Ian Traynor (1 April 2003). "Obituary Ivan Stambolic". The Guardian.
^ Ramet, Sabrina P. The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005. Bloomington, Indiana, US: Indiana University Press, 2006. Pp. 321.
^ Melissa Katherine Bokovoy, Jill A. Irvine, Carol S. Lilly. State-society relations in Yugoslavia, 1945-1992. Scranton, Pennsylvania, US: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997. Pp. 307.
^ "Ulemeku 40 godina, Markoviću 15" (in Serbian). B92. 18 July 2005.
^ "Inicijativa Stranke moderne Srbije (SMS) za preimenovanje i prenamenu spomenika "Večna vatra" na Ušću, Novi Beograd, u "Spomenik žrtava režima 1987-2000"". moderna.org.rs. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

Political offices
Preceded by Dušan Čkrebić	President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Serbia 6 May 1978–5 May 1982	Succeeded by Branislav Ikonić
Preceded by Dušan Čkrebić	Chairman of the League of Communists of Serbia 1984–May 1986	Succeeded by Slobodan Milošević
Preceded by Dušan Čkrebić	President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia 5 May 1986–14 December 1987	Succeeded by Petar Gračanin