Jackson County, Kansas

Jackson County
Jackson County
County
	Jackson County Courthouse in Holton (2023)
	Location within the U.S. state of Kansas
	Kansas's location within the U.S.
	Coordinates: 39°24′N 95°50′W / 39.400°N 95.833°W
Country	United States
State	Kansas
Founded	February 11, 1859
Named for	Andrew Jackson
Seat	Holton
Largest city	Holton
Area
• Total	658 sq mi (1,700 km2)
• Land	656 sq mi (1,700 km2)
• Water	1.8 sq mi (5 km2) 0.3%
Population (2020)
• Total	13,232
• Density	20.2/sq mi (7.8/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts	1st, 2nd
Website	jacksoncountyks.com

Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Holton.^[2] As of the 2020 census, the county population was 13,232.^[1] The county, first named Calhoun County for pro-slavery South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun, was renamed in 1859 for President Andrew Jackson.^[3] The Prairie Band Potawatomi Indian Reservation, near the center of the county, comprises about 18.5% of the county's area.

History

Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 sq mi (19,000 km²). In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 sq mi (2,140,000 km²) Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1859, Jackson County was established.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 658 square miles (1,700 km²), of which 656 square miles (1,700 km²) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km²) (0.3%) is water.^[4]

Adjacent counties

Brown County (northeast)
Atchison County (east)
Jefferson County (southeast)
Shawnee County (south)
Pottawatomie County (west)
Nemaha County (northwest)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	1,936		—
1870	6,053		212.7%
1880	10,718		77.1%
1890	14,626		36.5%
1900	17,117		17.0%
1910	16,861		−1.5%
1920	15,495		−8.1%
1930	14,776		−4.6%
1940	13,382		−9.4%
1950	11,098		−17.1%
1960	10,309		−7.1%
1970	10,342		0.3%
1980	11,644		12.6%
1990	11,525		−1.0%
2000	12,657		9.8%
2010	13,462		6.4%
2020	13,232		−1.7%
2023 (est.)	13,368	^[5]	1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census^[6] 1790-1960^[7] 1900-1990^[8] 1990-2000^[9] 2010-2020^[1]

Jackson County is included in the Topeka Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of the 2000 census,^[10] there were 12,657 people, 4,727 households, and 3,507 families residing in the county. The population density was 19 people per square mile (7.3 people/km²). There were 5,094 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile (3.1/km²). The county's racial makeup was 90.21% White, 6.84% Native American, 0.53% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.49% of the population.

There were 4,727 households, of which 35.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.30% were married couples living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.80% were non-families. 22.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.09.

28.30% of the county's residents were under the age of 18, 6.80% were from 18 to 24, 26.70% were from 25 to 44, 23.40% were from 45 to 64, and 14.90% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.

The county's median household income was $40,451, and the median family income was $46,520. Males had a median income of $32,195 versus $22,305 for females. The county's per capita income was $18,606. About 6.40% of families and 8.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.50% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections

Jackson County has supported the Republican Party candidate in every presidential election from 1936 onward. Democratic Party candidates for president have only won the county twice since 1880, in 1912 & 1932.

Presidential election results

United States presidential election results for Jackson County, Kansas^[11]
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	4,517	68.61%	1,881	28.57%	186	2.83%
2016	3,939	67.70%	1,512	25.99%	367	6.31%
2012	3,527	63.42%	1,901	34.18%	133	2.39%
2008	3,811	60.95%	2,308	36.91%	134	2.14%
2004	3,730	63.35%	2,064	35.05%	94	1.60%
2000	3,001	57.16%	1,990	37.90%	259	4.93%
1996	2,682	49.12%	1,983	36.32%	795	14.56%
1992	1,970	35.48%	1,639	29.52%	1,943	35.00%
1988	2,759	54.36%	2,261	44.55%	55	1.08%
1984	3,466	66.92%	1,667	32.19%	46	0.89%
1980	3,211	63.33%	1,537	30.32%	322	6.35%
1976	2,725	54.85%	2,129	42.85%	114	2.29%
1972	3,363	71.98%	1,191	25.49%	118	2.53%
1968	2,678	60.71%	1,225	27.77%	508	11.52%
1964	2,334	53.83%	1,971	45.46%	31	0.71%
1960	3,279	67.46%	1,567	32.24%	15	0.31%
1956	3,469	71.72%	1,356	28.03%	12	0.25%
1952	4,161	75.28%	1,358	24.57%	8	0.14%
1948	3,166	61.30%	1,958	37.91%	41	0.79%
1944	3,665	69.72%	1,567	29.81%	25	0.48%
1940	4,306	63.92%	2,397	35.58%	34	0.50%
1936	3,680	52.88%	3,265	46.92%	14	0.20%
1932	3,271	48.11%	3,442	50.63%	86	1.26%
1928	4,811	74.55%	1,602	24.83%	40	0.62%
1924	4,391	71.09%	1,419	22.97%	367	5.94%
1920	3,753	70.20%	1,562	29.22%	31	0.58%
1916	3,451	53.43%	2,914	45.12%	94	1.46%
1912	1,027	26.18%	1,565	39.89%	1,331	33.93%
1908	2,201	58.65%	1,494	39.81%	58	1.55%
1904	2,547	70.03%	919	25.27%	171	4.70%
1900	2,291	56.17%	1,745	42.78%	43	1.05%
1896	2,158	52.05%	1,955	47.15%	33	0.80%
1892	1,825	52.93%	0	0.00%	1,623	47.07%
1888	1,979	59.90%	1,220	36.92%	105	3.18%

Laws

Following an amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 2004, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement.^[12] The food sales requirement was removed in 2020.^[13]

The county voted "No" on the 2022 Kansas Value Them Both Amendment, an anti-abortion ballot measure, by 52% to 48% despite backing Donald Trump with 69% of the vote to Joe Biden's 29% in the 2020 presidential election.^[14]

Education

Unified school districts

Communities

List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Jackson County.^[16]

Cities

Unincorporated communities

‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.

Birmingham
Larkinburg‡

Indian reservations

Townships

Jackson County is divided into fifteen townships. The city of Holton is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Township	FIPS	Population	Population density /km² (/sq mi)	Land area km² (sq mi)	Water area km² (sq mi)	Water %	Geographic coordinates
Adrian	00350	150	2 (5)	77 (30)	0 (0)	0.25%	39°21′17″N 95°59′43″W / 39.35472°N 95.99528°W / 39.35472; -95.99528
Banner	04025	300	3 (8)	93 (36)	1 (0)	0.70%	39°26′5″N 95°50′25″W / 39.43472°N 95.84028°W / 39.43472; -95.84028
Cedar	11275	1,254	12 (31)	103 (40)	0 (0)	0.03%	39°20′53″N 95°40′44″W / 39.34806°N 95.67889°W / 39.34806; -95.67889
Douglas	18350	2,135	13 (33)	168 (65)	0 (0)	0.07%	39°15′34″N 95°41′2″W / 39.25944°N 95.68389°W / 39.25944; -95.68389
Franklin	24400	776	9 (24)	84 (32)	3 (1)	3.28%	39°26′41″N 95°44′35″W / 39.44472°N 95.74306°W / 39.44472; -95.74306
Garfield	25625	624	7 (18)	88 (34)	0 (0)	0.49%	39°25′35″N 95°38′9″W / 39.42639°N 95.63583°W / 39.42639; -95.63583
Grant	27700	212	2 (5)	109 (42)	0 (0)	0.10%	39°26′47″N 95°58′14″W / 39.44639°N 95.97056°W / 39.44639; -95.97056
Jefferson	35225	494	5 (14)	94 (36)	0 (0)	0.12%	39°31′0″N 95°50′38″W / 39.51667°N 95.84389°W / 39.51667; -95.84389
Liberty	40125	513	6 (15)	92 (35)	0 (0)	0.16%	39°31′3″N 95°44′36″W / 39.51750°N 95.74333°W / 39.51750; -95.74333
Lincoln	40750	1,046	4 (11)	255 (98)	0 (0)	0.05%	39°19′40″N 95°50′26″W / 39.32778°N 95.84056°W / 39.32778; -95.84056
Netawaka	49975	361	4 (10)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.13%	39°36′42″N 95°43′47″W / 39.61167°N 95.72972°W / 39.61167; -95.72972
Soldier	66200	403	4 (9)	110 (43)	0 (0)	0.17%	39°31′22″N 95°58′27″W / 39.52278°N 95.97417°W / 39.52278; -95.97417
Straight Creek	68475	158	2 (4)	95 (37)	0 (0)	0.30%	39°31′24″N 95°37′0″W / 39.52333°N 95.61667°W / 39.52333; -95.61667
Washington	75625	516	4 (10)	139 (54)	0 (0)	0.13%	39°15′5″N 95°58′1″W / 39.25139°N 95.96694°W / 39.25139; -95.96694
Whiting	78125	362	4 (10)	93 (36)	0 (0)	0.11%	39°36′4″N 95°36′57″W / 39.60111°N 95.61583°W / 39.60111; -95.61583
Sources: "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on August 2, 2002.