James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn

James Hamilton
James Hamilton
Earl of Abercorn
	Detail from portrait below
Tenure	1734–1744
Predecessor	James, 6th Earl of Abercorn
Successor	James, 8th Earl of Abercorn
Born	22 March 1686
Died	11 January 1744 (aged 57); Cavendish Square, London
Buried	Westminster Abbey
Spouse(s)	Anne Plumer
Issue; Detail	James, John & others
Father	James Hamilton
Mother	Elizabeth Reading

James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn FRS PC PC (Ire) (1686–1744), styled Lord Paisley from 1701 to 1734, was a Scottish and Irish nobleman and peer. An amateur scientist and musician, he published a book on magnetism in 1729 and a treatise on musical harmony in 1730, which was subsequently emended and re-issued by his teacher, Dr. Pepusch.

Birth and origins

James was born on 22 March 1686, the second but eldest surviving son of James Hamilton and his wife Elizabeth Reading.^[1] His father was at the time the representant of a cadet branch of the Earls of Abercorn that descended from George Hamilton, 1st Baronet of Donalong, the fourth son of the 1st Earl but would later succeed a cousin as the 6th Earl of Abercorn. The Abercorn Hamiltons had come from Scotland to Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster.

James's mother was the only surviving child of Sir Robert Reading, 1st Baronet, of Dublin.^[2] His parents were Protestants. They had married in January 1684.^[3] He was one of 14 siblings, who are listed in his father's article.

Family tree

James Hamilton with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.^[a]

James
1st Earl
1575–1618

Marion
Boyd
d. 1632
Recusant

James
2nd Earl
d. c. 1670

Claud
2nd Baron
Strabane
d. 1638

George
1st Baronet.
Donalong
c. 1608 – 1679

George
3rd Earl
c. 1636 –
bef. 1683

James
3rd Baron
Strabane
1633–1655

George
4th Baron
Strabane
1636/7 – 1668

James
d. 1673
d.v.p.*

Claud
4th Earl
1659–1691

Charles
5th Earl
d. 1701

James
6th Earl
c. 1661 – 1734

Elizabeth
Reading
d. 1754

James
7th Earl
1686–1744

Anne
Plumer
1690–1776

James
8th Earl
1712–1789

John
Hamilton
1714–1755

Harriet
Eliot
d. 1769

John
1st
Marquess
1756–1818

Catherine
Copley
died 1791

Legend

XXX

Subject of
the article

XXX

Earls of
Abercorn

XXX

Barons
Strabane

*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris)

Early life

While James Hamilton was a young child, his father fought for King William in the Williamite War in Ireland and brought provisions to Derry just before the Siege of Derry.^[5]

In 1701 the main line of the Abercorns failed when Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn died childless in Strabane, Ireland.^[6] Charles's nearest living male relative was Hamilton's father, Charles's second cousin (see Family tree). His father therefore succeeded as the 6th Earl of Abercorn, and Hamilton, aged 15, became the new Earl's heir apparent with the courtesy title of Lord Paisley.^[7] At the same time as Earl of Abercorn in Scotland, his father succeeded as the 7th Baron of Strabane in Ireland. About six months later, on 2 December 1701, his father, Lord Abercorn, was rewarded with the new Irish titles. The King advanced him from Baron Strabane to Viscount Strabane and gave him the additional subsidiary title of Baron Mountcastle.^[8]

Marriage and children

In April 1711, Lord Paisley, as he now was, married Anne Plumer (1690–1776), daughter of Colonel John Plumer of Ware, Hertfordshire.^[9]

James and Anne had six sons and two daughters:

James (1712–1789), succeeded him as 8th Earl of Abercorn^[10]
John (c. 1714 – 1755), Captain in the Royal Navy, father of the John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn^[11]
William, died young^[12]
Anne (1715–1792), married Sir Henry Mackworth, 6th Baronet and had issue^[13]
George (1718–1787), Canon of Windsor, married Elizabeth Onslow (d. 1800), daughter of Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow^[14]
Plumer Hamilton, died young^[15]
William (1721–1744), lost in HMS Victory off Alderney.^[16]
A daughter (born 1736), died an infant^[17]

Scientific studies

On 10 November 1715 Lord Paisley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.^[18]

Lord Paisley was a Freemason and was Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England during 1725–1726.

In 1729 he published a short treatise entitled Calculations and Tables Relating to the Attractive Virtue of Loadstones (according to the catalogue of the British Library), which presents the results of experiments he had made with lodestones (natural permanent magnets) of various sizes, each time measuring the mass of the loadstone and the weight of iron with which it can be armed, or that it can hold on its surfaces.^[19]

Lord Paisley also studied music, taking lessons from Johann Christoph Pepusch, a well-known musician in his time. In 1730 he published, based on Pepusch's teaching, anonymously and without his teacher's assent a booklet entitled "A Short Treatise on Harmony".^[20] Understandably, the teacher felt offended. As the book was not well written and lacked illustrations in musical notes, he was concerned about his reputation as his connection to the book would certainly be discovered.^[21] He, therefore, helped to prepare a second improved edition published in 1731. In this form the book exposed and documented the practice of the best composers of the period.^[22] Paisley was still in friendly connection with his teachers as Pepusch visited Paisley at his seat in Witham, Essex in 1733.^[23]

Father's succession

Lord Paisley succeeded as the 7th Earl of Abercorn at his father's death in 1734.^[24] In Ireland, he succeeded as the 2nd Viscount Strabane.^[25]

Lord Abercorn was sworn a Privy Counsellor in Great Britain on 20 July 1738. He was appointed to the Privy Counsellor in Ireland in July 1737 but was sworn only on 26 September 1739 when he came to Ireland.^[26]

On 17 October of that same year, George II issued a royal charter to the nation's first orphanage for abandoned children, the Foundling Hospital, of which Abercorn was one of the many founding governors.^[27]

Death and timeline

Abercorn died on 11 January 1744 at Cavendish Square, western London,^[28] and was buried five days later in the Ormonde vault of the Henry VII Chapel of Westminster Abbey where his father had already been laid to rest.^[29]

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1686, 22 Mar	Born^[1]
2	1689, 13 Feb	Accession of William and Mary, succeeding King James II^[30]
2	1689, 21 Mar	Father brought provisions to Derry during the Williamite War in Ireland.^[5]
15	1701, Jun	Became heir apparent as Lord Paisley as his father succeeded as the 6th Earl of Abercorn.^[6]
15	1702, 8 Mar	Accession of Queen Anne, succeeding King William III^[31]
25	1711, Apr	Married Anne Plumer.^[9]
28	1714, 1 Aug	Accession of King George I, succeeding Queen Anne^[32]
29	1715, 10 Nov	Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.^[18]
41	1727, 11 Jun	Accession of King George II, succeeding King George I^[33]
42–43	1729	Published Calculations and Tables on the Attractive Power of Loadstones^[19]
47–48	1734, 28 Nov	Succeeded his father as 7th Earl of Abercorn.^[24]
52	1738, 20 Jul	Sworn of the Privy council of Great Britain^[26]
53	1739, 26 Sep	Sworn of the Privy council of Ireland^[26]
57	1744, 11 Jan	Died at Cavendish Square in London^[28]

Notes and references

Notes

^ This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne.^[4] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.

Citations

^ ^a ^b Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 24. "James (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn etc. [S.], also Viscount Strabane, etc [I.], 2nd but 1st surv. s. and h., b. 22 Mar. 1685/6 ..."
^ Cokayne 1904, p. 208. "Reading: cr. 27 Aug. 1675; ex. March 1689"
^ Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 16. "He m. (Lic. at Fac. off 24 January 1683/4) Elizabeth (then aged about 15), only child of Robert Reading, of Dublin, Bart. (so created 1675) ..."
^ Cokayne 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
^ ^a ^b Wills 1841, p. 328, line 10. "James Hamilton afterwards Earl of Abercorn, who brought to its [i.e. Derry's] relief from England a quantity of arms and ammunition, with five thousand pounds in money."
^ ^a ^b Lodge 1789, p. 117. "... [Charles] died at Strabane June 1701."
^ Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 26. "... styled Lord Paysley from 1701 till he suc. to the peerage."
^ Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 12. "Accordingly, on 2 Sep. 1701, he [the 6th Earl] was cr. Baron Mountcastle, co. Tyrone, and Viscount Strabane [I.] ..."
^ ^a ^b Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 29. "He m., in 1711, before 28 Apr., ... Anne, 1st surv. da. of Col. John Plumer, of Blakesware, in Ware, Herts. ..."
^ Paul 1904, p. 63, line 4. "James, 8th Earl of Abercorn."
^ Paul 1904, p. 63, line 14. "John, capt. R.N., m. Nov. 1749 Harriet, widow of Richard Eliot, M.P. of Port Eliot, co. Cornwall, and was drowned off Portsmouth, 18 Dec. 1755, leaving John James 9th Earl."
^ Paul 1904, p. 63, line 27. "William Hamilton, died young."
^ Paul 1904, p. 64, line 38. "Anne, born 12 June 1715, married 16 August 1746, to Sir Henry Mackworth, Baronet."
^ Paul 1904, p. 63, line 28. "George Hamilton, born 11 August 1718, matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford 19 March 1735/6; presented by his brother, in September 1753, to the rectories of Taughboyne, in the diocese of Raphoe, and Donagheady, in the diocese of Derry, in Ireland; was afterwards a prebendary of Salisbury; and 30 August 1783 appointed a canon of Windsor. He died at Taplow, 26 November 1787, aged eighty. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow ..."
^ Paul 1904, p. 64, line 33. "Plumer Hamilton, died young."
^ Paul 1904, p. 64, line 34. "William Hamilton, born 18 February 1721; a lieutenant in the Royal Navy; lost in the Victory man-of-war, off Alderney, 1744."
^ Paul 1904, p. 64, line 43. "A daughter, born 26 February 1736, died an infant."
^ ^a ^b Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 27. "F.R.S., 10 Nov. 1715."
^ ^a ^b Paul 1904, p. 62, line 33. "He wrote Calculations and Tables on the Attractive Power of Loadstones, 1729."
^ Hawkins 1875, p. 885, left column, line 37. "Among the many that resorted to him [Pepusch] for instruction, Lord Paisley, afterwards earl of Abercorn, was one; and to him the doctor had communicated lessons in writing for his private study, with no other obligation not to impart them to the world than is implied in the mutual relation of teacher and disciple; which it seems was so ill understood, that in the 1730 the substance of the doctor's lessons was by his pupil given to the world with the following title: 'A Short Treatise of Harmony ...'"
^ Hawkins 1875, p. 885, left column, line 55. "The doctor affected to speak of the publication of this book as injurious both to his character and interest;"
^ Novello 1840, p. 231, line 3. "The precepts contained in this book are sanctioned by the practice of the best composers of that period;"
^ Hawkins 1875, p. 885, right column, line 2. "... a visit he [Pepusch] made to lord Paisley at his seat at Witham in Essex, in the summer of the year 1733, and of his entertainment during a week's stay there;"
^ ^a ^b Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 19. "He [his father] d. 28 Sep. 1734, aged 73, and was bur. 3 Dec in the Ormonde vault in Henry VII's Chapel, Westmin. Abbey."
^ Lodge 1789, p. 125, line 9. "Sir James, the second Viscount Strabane and seventh Earl of Abercorn ..."
^ ^a ^b ^c Lodge 1789, p. 125, line 10. "... was sworn of the privy council in England 20 July 1738, and coming into Ireland the year following was sworn of the privy council here 26 September, having been so appointed in July 1737."
^ Massie 1739, p. 4. "James Earl of Abercorn"
^ ^a ^b Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 32. "He d. in Cavendish Sq. aged 57, 11, and was bur. 16 Jan. 1743/4, with his father in Westm. Abbey."
^ Chester 1876, p. 365. "1743/4 Jan. 16 The Right Hon. James Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn: in the Duke of Ormond's vault."
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 31. "Anne ... acc. 8 Mar. 1702 ..."
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 38. "George I … acc. 1 Aug. 1714;"
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 11. "George II … acc. 11 Jun. 1727;"

Sources

Chester, Joseph Lemuel (1876). Registers of Westminster Abbey. London: Private Edition. OCLC 1140248. – Marriages, baptisms and burials from about 1660 to 1875
Cokayne, George Edward (1904). Complete Baronetage, 1611 to 1800. Vol. IV (1st ed.). Exeter: William Pollard & Co. OCLC 866278985. – 1665 to 1707
Cokayne, George Edward (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. OCLC 228661424. – Ab-Adam to Basing
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
Hawkins, John (1875) [1st pub. 1776]. A General History of the Science and Practice of Music. Vol. II (A new ed.). London: Novello, Ewer & Co.
Massie, Joseph (1739). Farther Observations Concerning the Foundling-Hospital. London: J. Osborn. OCLC 508010235.
Paul, Sir James Balfour (1904). The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland. Vol. I. Edinburgh: David Douglas. OCLC 505064285. – Abercorn to Balmerino
Lodge, John (1789). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. V. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts (for Strabane)
Novello, Joseph Alfred, ed. (1840). "Musical Biography-No. XI Dr. Christopher Pepusch". The Musical World: A Weekly Record of Musical Science, Literature, and Intelligence. XIV: 230–231.
Walters, John (1972). The Royal Griffin: Frederick Prince of Wales 1707–51. London: Jarrolds. ISBN 0-09-111240-0.
Wills, Rev. James (1841). "Sir James Hamilton First Viscount Strabane". Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen, from the earliest times to the present period. Vol. IV. Dublin: MacGregor, Polson & Co. pp. 55–56.

Masonic offices
Preceded by The Duke of Richmond and Lennox	Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England 1725–1726	Succeeded by The Earl of Inchiquin
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by James Hamilton	Earl of Abercorn 1734–1744	Succeeded by James Hamilton
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by James Hamilton	Viscount Strabane 1734–1744	Succeeded by James Hamilton
Preceded by James Hamilton	Baron Mountcastle (descended by acceleration) 1734–1736	Succeeded by James Hamilton

[5] This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne.^[4] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_24]-1] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 24. "James (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn etc. [S.], also Viscount Strabane, etc [I.], 2nd but 1st surv. s. and h., b. 22 Mar. 1685/6 ..."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailscu31924092524408pagen227_208]-2] Cokayne 1904, p. 208. "Reading: cr. 27 Aug. 1675; ex. March 1689"

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_16]-3] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 16. "He m. (Lic. at Fac. off 24 January 1683/4) Elizabeth (then aged about 15), only child of Robert Reading, of Dublin, Bart. (so created 1675) ..."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage4_4]-4] Cokayne 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"

[FOOTNOTEWills1841[httpsarchiveorgdetailslivesofillustrio03willuoftpage328_328,_line_10]-6] Wills 1841, p. 328, line 10. "James Hamilton afterwards Earl of Abercorn, who brought to its [i.e. Derry's] relief from England a quantity of arms and ammunition, with five thousand pounds in money."

[FOOTNOTELodge1789[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageofireland05lodgpage117_117]-7] Lodge 1789, p. 117. "... [Charles] died at Strabane June 1701."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_26]-8] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 26. "... styled Lord Paysley from 1701 till he suc. to the peerage."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_12]-9] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 12. "Accordingly, on 2 Sep. 1701, he [the 6th Earl] was cr. Baron Mountcastle, co. Tyrone, and Viscount Strabane [I.] ..."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_29]-10] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 29. "He m., in 1711, before 28 Apr., ... Anne, 1st surv. da. of Col. John Plumer, of Blakesware, in Ware, Herts. ..."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage63_63,_line_4]-11] Paul 1904, p. 63, line 4. "James, 8th Earl of Abercorn."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage63_63,_line_14]-12] Paul 1904, p. 63, line 14. "John, capt. R.N., m. Nov. 1749 Harriet, widow of Richard Eliot, M.P. of Port Eliot, co. Cornwall, and was drowned off Portsmouth, 18 Dec. 1755, leaving John James 9th Earl."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage63_63,_line_27]-13] Paul 1904, p. 63, line 27. "William Hamilton, died young."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage64_64,_line_38]-14] Paul 1904, p. 64, line 38. "Anne, born 12 June 1715, married 16 August 1746, to Sir Henry Mackworth, Baronet."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage63_63,_line_28]-15] Paul 1904, p. 63, line 28. "George Hamilton, born 11 August 1718, matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford 19 March 1735/6; presented by his brother, in September 1753, to the rectories of Taughboyne, in the diocese of Raphoe, and Donagheady, in the diocese of Derry, in Ireland; was afterwards a prebendary of Salisbury; and 30 August 1783 appointed a canon of Windsor. He died at Taplow, 26 November 1787, aged eighty. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow ..."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage64_64,_line_33]-16] Paul 1904, p. 64, line 33. "Plumer Hamilton, died young."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage64_64,_line_34]-17] Paul 1904, p. 64, line 34. "William Hamilton, born 18 February 1721; a lieutenant in the Royal Navy; lost in the Victory man-of-war, off Alderney, 1744."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage64_64,_line_43]-18] Paul 1904, p. 64, line 43. "A daughter, born 26 February 1736, died an infant."

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_27]-19] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 27. "F.R.S., 10 Nov. 1715."

[FOOTNOTEPaul1904[httpsarchiveorgdetailsscotspeeragefoun01paulpage62_62,_line_33]-20] Paul 1904, p. 62, line 33. "He wrote Calculations and Tables on the Attractive Power of Loadstones, 1729."

[FOOTNOTEHawkins1875[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageneralhistory01hawkgoogpagen405_885,_left_column,_line_37]-21] Hawkins 1875, p. 885, left column, line 37. "Among the many that resorted to him [Pepusch] for instruction, Lord Paisley, afterwards earl of Abercorn, was one; and to him the doctor had communicated lessons in writing for his private study, with no other obligation not to impart them to the world than is implied in the mutual relation of teacher and disciple; which it seems was so ill understood, that in the 1730 the substance of the doctor's lessons was by his pupil given to the world with the following title: 'A Short Treatise of Harmony ...'"

[FOOTNOTEHawkins1875[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageneralhistory01hawkgoogpagen405_885,_left_column,_line_55]-22] Hawkins 1875, p. 885, left column, line 55. "The doctor affected to speak of the publication of this book as injurious both to his character and interest;"

[FOOTNOTENovello1840[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid25EPAAAAYAAJpgPA231_231,_line_3]-23] Novello 1840, p. 231, line 3. "The precepts contained in this book are sanctioned by the practice of the best composers of that period;"

[FOOTNOTEHawkins1875[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageneralhistory01hawkgoogpagen405_885,_right_column,_line_2]-24] Hawkins 1875, p. 885, right column, line 2. "... a visit he [Pepusch] made to lord Paisley at his seat at Witham in Essex, in the summer of the year 1733, and of his entertainment during a week's stay there;"

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_19]-25] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 19. "He [his father] d. 28 Sep. 1734, aged 73, and was bur. 3 Dec in the Ormonde vault in Henry VII's Chapel, Westmin. Abbey."

[FOOTNOTELodge1789[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageofireland05lodgpage125_125,_line_9]-26] Lodge 1789, p. 125, line 9. "Sir James, the second Viscount Strabane and seventh Earl of Abercorn ..."

[FOOTNOTELodge1789[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageofireland05lodgpage125_125,_line_10]-27] Lodge 1789, p. 125, line 10. "... was sworn of the privy council in England 20 July 1738, and coming into Ireland the year following was sworn of the privy council here 26 September, having been so appointed in July 1737."

[FOOTNOTEMassie1739[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidOX1bAAAAQAAJpgPA4_4]-28] Massie 1739, p. 4. "James Earl of Abercorn"

[FOOTNOTECokayne1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo01cokapage6_6,_line_32]-29] Cokayne 1910, p. 6, line 32. "He d. in Cavendish Sq. aged 57, 11, and was bur. 16 Jan. 1743/4, with his father in Westm. Abbey."

[FOOTNOTEChester1876[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmarriagebaptism01chesgoogpagen382_365]-30] Chester 1876, p. 365. "1743/4 Jan. 16 The Right Hon. James Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn: in the Duke of Ormond's vault."

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage45_45,_line_11]-31] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage45_45,_line_31]-32] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 31. "Anne ... acc. 8 Mar. 1702 ..."

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage45_45,_line_38]-33] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 38. "George I … acc. 1 Aug. 1714;"

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage46_46,_line_11]-34] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 11. "George II … acc. 11 Jun. 1727;"

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James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn

Birth and origins

Early life

Marriage and children

Scientific studies

Father's succession

Death and timeline

Notes and references

Notes

Citations

Sources

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