James W. Throckmorton

James W. Throckmorton
James W. Throckmorton
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives; from Texas
	In office; March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887
Preceded by	George W. Jones
Succeeded by	Silas Hare
Constituency	5th district
	In office; March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879
Preceded by	Dewitt Clinton Giddings
Succeeded by	Olin Wellborn
Constituency	3rd district
12th Governor of Texas
	In office; August 9, 1866 – August 8, 1867
Lieutenant	George Washington Jones
Preceded by	Andrew J. Hamilton
Succeeded by	Elisha M. Pease
Member of the Texas Senate
	In office; November 2, 1857 – November 4, 1861
Preceded by	Malachi W. Allen
Succeeded by	Lewis F. Casey
Constituency	4th district
	In office; November 2, 1863 – August 6, 1866
Preceded by	William Dixon Lair
Succeeded by	John K. Bumpass
Constituency	15th district
Member of the; Texas House of Representatives
	In office; November 3, 1851 – November 2, 1857
Constituency	25th district (1851–1853); 7th district (1853–1857)
Personal details
Born	February 1, 1825; Sparta, Tennessee, U.S.
Died	April 21, 1894 (aged 69)
Resting place	Pecan Grove Cemetery, McKinney, Texas
Political party	Democratic
Profession	Politician
Military service
Allegiance	United States; Confederate States
Branch/service	Confederate States Army
Rank	Captain
Unit	1st Texas Volunteers; 6th Texas Cavalry
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War; American Civil War

James Webb Throckmorton (February 1, 1825 – April 21, 1894) was an American politician who served as the 12th governor of Texas from 1866 to 1867 during the early days of Reconstruction. He was a United States Congressman from Texas from 1875 to 1879 and again from 1883 to 1889.

Biography

Following the outbreak of a Mexican–American War, he joined the 1st Texas Volunteers as a private in February 1847. A few months later, he was assigned as an assistant surgeon to the Texas Rangers, until receiving a medical discharge in June of that year.^[1] During the Texas secession convention in 1861, he was one of only eight delegates to vote against secession from the United States.^[2] Despite this, he served in the Confederate Army, first as a captain of Company K, 6th Texas Cavalry Regiment.^[3]

He was promoted to brigadier general by 1862. During late 1862 while stationed in North Texas, which was chaotic because of military and state militia abuses, he saved all but five men in Sherman, Texas, from being lynched by militia as suspects in anticonscription activities.^[4] Violent acts had spread in North Texas after the Great Hanging at Gainesville earlier in October 1862, when a total of 42 men were killed, most hanged.

Throckmorton defeated Elisha M. Pease in the Texas gubernatorial election of June 25, 1866, at the same time that the legislature approved a new constitution. he was elected with George Washington Jones as Lt. Gov. During his term as governor, Throckmorton's lenient attitude toward former Confederates and his attitude toward civil rights conflicted with the Reconstruction politics of the Radical Republicans in Congress. He angered the local military commander, Major General Charles Griffin, who persuaded his superior, Philip H. Sheridan, to remove Throckmorton from office and replace him with Elisha M. Pease, an appointed Republican and Unionist.^[2]

As the Radical Republican's influence began to wane in the mid-1870s, Throckmorton was elected to Congress representing Texas's 3rd Congressional District on 1874 and re-elected in 1876. He was not a candidate in 1878. He again later served the 5th District, elected in the 1882 and re-elected in 1884. He was not a candidate in 1886.^[5] In 1882 he was elected to the seat vacated by his former Lt. Gov. George Washington Jones, as G.W. Jones did not run for re-election.

Throckmorton died at age 69 from a fall, having become frail due to kidney disease.

References

^ "Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers who served during the Mexican War in Organizations from the State of Texas". National Archives. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b Minor, David. "Throckmorton, James Webb". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
^ "Throckmorton, James W". National Park Service. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
^ McCaslin, Richard B. "Great Hanging of Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
^ "Throckmorton, James Webb". United States Congress. Retrieved 31 January 2018.

External links

James Webb Throckmorton - McKinney’s Courthouse Statue by Tricia Haas.

Party political offices
Vacant Title last held by Hardin Richard Runnels	Democratic nominee for Governor of Texas 1865, 1866	Succeeded by Andrew Jackson Hamilton
Texas Senate
Preceded by Malachi W. Allen	Texas State Senator from District 4 1857–1861	Succeeded by Lewis F. Casey
Preceded by J. J. Dickson	Texas State Senator from District 15 1863–1866	Succeeded by John K. Bumpass
Political offices
Preceded by Andrew J. Hamilton	Governor of Texas 1866-1867	Succeeded by Elisha M. Pease
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Dewitt Clinton Giddings	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 3rd congressional district 1875–1879	Succeeded by Olin Wellborn
Preceded by George Washington Jones	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 5th congressional district 1883–1887	Succeeded by Silas Hare