In 1984, 13th District Congressman Edwin B. Forsythe died with nine months left in his seventh full term. Saxton was elected as his successor. He ran in two elections which took place on the same day—a special election for the balance of Forsythe's term, and a regular election for a full two-year term. This gave him greater seniority than other freshmen congressmen elected in 1984. He was reelected 11 times without serious difficulty, always winning at least 58 percent of the vote. His district was renumbered as the 3rd District after New Jersey lost a seat in the 1990 census.
In 2000, Saxton was challenged by then Cherry Hill Mayor Susan Bass Levin, giving Saxton a spirited challenge for the first time in years though Saxton ultimately prevailed.
Saxton was widely praised across South Jersey for his efforts to remove Fort Dix from the Pentagon's base realignment and closure lists in 1989 and 1991, McGuire Air Force Base from the list in 1993, and Lakehurst Naval Air Station from the list in 1995. From 1993 to 2005, he worked to foster joint military facilities at the three installations. Saxon's efforts were rewarded when Congress passed and President Bush signed into law the Base Realignment and Closure, 2005. In addition to saving the bases' 17,000 jobs, the legislation merged the three bases, creating a "megabase" (the first of its kind in the United States). Furthermore, 1,500 jobs and additional aircraft were directed to the new joint base. Saxton also saved the New Jersey National Guard's 108th Air Refueling Wing from oblivion by working to provide it with a squadron of newer planes.
His other accomplishments include a beach erosion repair project on popular tourist destination Long Beach Island (which saw a 2006 groundbreaking) and a hospital Medicare funding initiative that brought $80 million to New Jersey hospitals in 2005 and 2006.
On May 26, 2006, Saxton reported hearing a loud gunfire-type noise in the Rayburn House Office Building that led to the building being shut down for several hours.[6] It was later determined that the noise was a construction worker discharging a pneumatic hammer in an elevator shaft near the garage.[7] Capitol police officers who subsequently asked the workers to recreate the noise agreed it sounded like gunfire.[citation needed]
On November 9, 2007, Saxton announced that he would not seek reelection in 2008, citing prostate cancer.[8] He was succeeded by Democratic state senator John Adler, who had been Saxton's Democratic opponent in 1990.
He argued against the estate tax in the Joint Economic Committee Study of 1998. This analysis examined the arguments for and against the federal estate tax and concluded that the estate tax generates costs to taxpayers, the economy and the environment which far exceeds any potential benefit that it might arguably produce.[12]
He is conservative on abortion issues, which earned him a 100% rating by the Christian Coalition from 2003 to 2005.[13] He has voted against bills that would authorize partial birth abortion, taxpayer-funded human embryo experimentation, and human cloning.
^Stout, David. "NEW JERSEY DAILY BRIEFING; A Deal for Lockheed Martin", The New York Times, May 8, 1995. Accessed June 2, 2017. "Lockheed Martin's government electronic systems plant has been awarded a $35 million contract for engineering and technical work on Japanese naval destroyers, Representative Jim Saxton, Republican of Vincentown, announced last week."
^Hernandez, Raymond. "Citing Health, Lawmaker Announces Plan to Retire", The New York Times, November 10, 2007. Accessed December 1, 2007. "Representative Jim Saxton of New Jersey, a Republican who has served in Congress since 1984, said Friday that he would not seek re-election next year because he had prostate cancer."
