Jones was born in Lambeth, London[3] and he was prevented from joining the legal profession due to a problem with his speech.[4] He had been educated at St Paul's School in London and then starting to train in the law at Lincoln's Inn before becoming the travelling secretary to the Charity Commissioners (c.1835–37). His father was literary and had been editor of the Naval Chronicle and the European Magazine. He joined the British Museum in April 1837. He was central in determining their rules for cataloguing. Following the death of Richard Garrett he was appointed Assistant Keeper of Printed Books in 1850, Keeper (1856–66) (following the promotion of Anthony Panizzi), and then Principal Librarian in charge of the museum (1866–78).[5]
Jones enjoyed a large budget of £10,000 to spend on books alone. This figure had been negotiated by his predecessor, Sir Anthony Panizzi, who had been knighted for his efforts as the Chief Librarian. Jones approved every purchase that was made.[4]
Jones was appointed President of the Library Association in 1877. He edited works for the Hakluyt Society.[6]
He contributed over 200 articles for the Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.[7]
John Winter Jones was the nephew of the editor Stephen Jones (1763–1827).