Kasai River

Kasai River
Kasai River
	Kasai River watershed (Interactive map)
Location
Countries	Angola; Democratic Republic of the Congo;
Physical characteristics
Source
• coordinates	11°34′59″S 19°01′26″E / 11.583°S 19.024°E
Mouth	Congo River
• location	Kwamouth, DRC
• coordinates	3°10′55″S 16°11′02″E / 3.182°S 16.184°E
Length	2,153 km (1,338 mi)
Basin size	884,376 km2 (341,459 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Kwamouth (near mouth)
• average	11,500 m3/s (410,000 cu ft/s)
Discharge
• location	Lebida
• average	11,318 m3/s (399,700 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left	Loange, Kwango
• right	Lulua, Sankuru, Fimi

The Kasai River (Swahili: Mto Kasai, French: Kasaï [ka.sa.i]; called in Angola) is a left bank tributary of the Congo River, located in Central Africa.^[4] The river begins in central Angola and flows to the east until it reaches the border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it turns north and serves as the border until it flows into the DRC. From Ilebo, between the confluences with Lulua river and Sankuru river, the Kasai river turns to a westerly direction. The lower stretch of the river, from the confluence with Fimi river until it joins the Congo at Kwamouth northeast of Kinshasa, is also known as the Kwa(h) River.

The Kasai basin consists mainly of equatorial rainforest areas, which provide an agricultural land in a region noted for its infertile, sandy soil.^[4] It is a tributary of Congo river and diamonds are found in it. Around 60% of diamonds in Belgium go from Kasai river for cutting and shaping.

Exploration

Henry Morton Stanley reached the confluence on 9 March 1877, calling the river Nkutu, a "powerful and deep river", but recognizing it as originating from David Livingstone's Kwango.^[5]^{: Vol.Two, 252}

Tributaries

The Kasai's main tributaries upstream from the confluence with the Congo:

Fimi (Fimi-Lukenie length 1100 km, basin size 132 000 km², mean annual discharge ~ 2000 m³/s)
Kwilu/Kwango (1800 km, 263 500 km², 3299 m³/s)
Loange
Sankuru (1200 km, 156 000 km², 2500 m³/s)
Lulua

Economic importance

The tributaries of River Kasai are clear of obstacles like cataracts and river weed, making them very navigable. They facilitate the transport sector and form an important trade artery. The river's role in transport and trade was more prominent during the pre-colonial period when the slave trade was legal. Slave traders used one of its major tributaries, the Kwango River, to navigate the equatorial rain forest, capture slaves and find their way back to the Atlantic Ocean where they had docked their ships. It is greatly controversial that some of the local kingdoms that were along the Kasai River supported the slave trade. The Rund kingdom for instance, readily provided slaves for the most notorious slave traders like John Matthews, a renowned British slave vendor. These activities, though they occurred between the 18th and 19th centuries, left a lasting impact in the regions where they were most prominent, such as between the Kwango and the Kwilu rivers. The population has never recovered fully, with the population density lower than that of areas that did not experience the slave trade. The most probable trigger to British and Portuguese great interests in the Kasai River was the presence of alluvial diamonds lying in rich deposit beds, especially at the river's mouth. More deposits lie along the beds of a major tributary, the Kwango River. In fact, it is common to hear the phrase “the diamond heartland of North Eastern Angola” used in reference to the Kwango River valley. This is because the diamond alluvial beds found in this region are the richest in Angola.

References

^ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
^ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
^ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
^ ^a ^b Broadhead, Susan (1992). Historical dictionary of Angola. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press. p. 99. ISBN 0585070091.
^ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685