Born in Guangzhou (formerly called Canton), Guangdong, China, he was the sixth of seven children. His family relocated to Hong Kong within months of his birth. His father, a businessman, died when Yau was only five years old.
He attended secondary school in Buddhist Wong Fung Ling College and St. Paul's Co-educational College in Hong Kong, before entering University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine to study medicine. Not wanting to be a physician, however, he departed for the United States in 1968 after only one year of medical study. He received an A.B. in physics (University Scholar; Phi Beta Kappa) from Princeton in 1971 and a Ph.D. in neurobiology from Harvard in 1975, completing his doctoral thesis under John G. Nicholls, a former student of Bernard Katz. He did postdoctoral work with Denis A. Baylor at Stanford University, then with Sir Alan L. Hodgkin at University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Thereafter, he was on the faculty of University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (1981–86), rising to Professor of Physiology and Biophysics in 1985. In 1986, he became Professor of Neuroscience and Investigator of Howard Hughes Medical Institute (1986-2004) at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where he has been since.
Scientific contributions
He is known for discoveries on how light and odor are sensed in the eye and the nose, triggering neural signals to be transmitted to the brain. He has greatly elucidated the properties of the light responses and their underlying phototransduction mechanisms in retinal rods and cones,[1] as well as in intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells which express the photopigment, melanopsin, to mediate mostly non-image vision such as pupillary light reflex and photoentrainment of the circadian rhythm.[2] He has made similarly important discoveries on olfactory transduction in the receptor neurons of the nasal olfactory epithelium. His work impacts broadly on understanding G-protein signaling at a quantitative level. His investigations on the spontaneous activity of rod and cone pigments have provided a physicochemical explanation for why our vision does not extend into Infrared wavelengths.[3]
2003 "Melanopsin and rod–cone photoreceptive systems account for all major accessory visual functions in mice",[11] 838 citations
2003 "Diminished pupillary light reflex at high irradiances in melanopsin-knockout mice",[12] 608 citations
2005 "Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN",[13] 798 citations
2006 "Central projections of melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse",[14] 518 citations
References
^Yau, KW (1994). "The Friedenwald Lecture: Phototransduction mechanism in retinal rods and cones". Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 35: 9–32.
^Baylor, D (1994). "Introduction of King-Wai Yau 1993 Friedenwald Award winner". Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 35 (1): 6–8. PMID8300364.
