On 21 February 2020 he was loaned to Orenburg.[3] The loan was extended for the 2020–21 season on 30 July 2020.[4] On 14 June 2022, Orenburg bought out his rights from Zenit.[5]
On 9 February 2024, Kaplenko signed a contract with Baltika Kaliningrad until June 2028.[6]
On 25 August 2024, Kaplenko signed a contract with Khimki.[7]
International
Kaplenko was born and raised in Belarus. Upon moving to Russia, he acquired Russian citizenship and was called up to the Russia national under-20 football team in September 2018.[8] In fall 2017 he was called up to the Belarus national under-21 football team for the U21 Euro qualifying matches against Czech Republic and Greece, but rejected the invitation, citing his intention to represent Russia.[9] After failing to attract interest from Russian national team, in 2022 Kaplenko accepted the invite from Belarus. He made his debut for the team on 17 November 2022 in a friendly match against Syria.
