Kostobe

Kostobe
Jamukat (Dzhamukat)
Map
Interactive map of Kostobe
TypeArchaeological site
PeriodsEarly Middle Ages to High Middle Ages
CulturesSogdian, Turkic
Satellite ofWestern Turkic Khaganate
LocationJambyl Region, Kazakhstan
RegionTalas Valley
Part ofSilk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an–Tianshan Corridor
History
Built6th century
Built bySogdian settlers
Abandoned13th century
Site notes
Excavation dates1938
ArchaeologistsAlexander Bernshtam
ConditionRuins
Public accessYes
Official name
Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an–Tianshan Corridor
TypeCultural
Criteria(ii), (iii), (v), (vi)
Designated2014

Kostobe is an archaeological site in the Jambyl Region of Kazakhstan, on the right bank of the Talas River, about 15 kilometres from Taraz.[1] Researchers equate it with the medieval town of Jamukat (also spelled Dzhamukat), a 6th-century foundation that lasted into the 12th century.[1][2] It is one of eight Kazakh components of the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor, inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2014.[3]

Medieval sources say Sogdian merchants from Bukhara asked the Turkic Khagan for land in the Talas valley and named the settlement after their leader Jamukha. Al-Muqaddasi, writing in the 10th century, noted it among the towns of the region. The Mongols destroyed the town in the 13th century.[1]

The walled centre of the site is roughly 420 by 450 metres, with double walls, towers, and a double moat. Alexander Bernshtam excavated Kostobe in 1938, recovering coins and ceramics spanning the 6th to 12th centuries.[1][4] Later work turned up a palace built of adobe and pahsa (rammed earth), a sanctuary with carved terracotta walls, and what may be a Zoroastrian fire temple.[1][2] Among the smaller finds are silver jewellery, bronze earrings, a silver cross, and a small Buddhist figure.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Kostobe's Rich Heritage: A Window into Ancient Southern Kazakhstan". The Astana Times. September 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2026.
  2. ^ a b "Ancient settlement Kostobe. Jumakat town". Silk Road Adventures. Retrieved 15 April 2026.
  3. ^ "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 15 April 2026.
  4. ^ "Explore Zhambyl Region's Ancient Wonders and Sacred Mysteries". The Astana Times. January 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2026.

42°59′21″N 71°31′24″E / 42.98917°N 71.52333°E / 42.98917; 71.52333

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