According to the Book of Han (completed in 111 CE), Kucha was the largest of the "Thirty-six Kingdoms of the Western Regions", with a population of 81,317, including 21,076 persons able to bear arms.[9]: 156
In 630, Xuanzang, a well-known Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler and translator visited Kucha during the Early Tang period.
"Kucha is located on the Chinese border and belongs to China, but the indigenous people, Dokuzoguzes, at times are engaged in raids and looting. This city has many advantages."
In 1758, the Qing Dynasty took control of the area, and the Chinese character name 'Kuche' (庫車) was made the name of the area.[12]
In 1991, there was a bombing attack at a Kuqa County government office and at an XPCC unit.[13]
In an interview with Radio Free Asia, an officer at the Kuchar County Police Department reported that from June to December 2018, 150 people at the No. 1 Internment Camp in the Yengisher district of Kuchar county had died, corroborating earlier reports attributed to Himit Qari, former area police chief.[6][7]
On December 20, 2019, Kuqa County was disestablished and Kuqa City was created.[14]
Ancient Buddhist kingdom in Kuqa
Monasteries
Ta-mu had 170 priests.
Around Che-hu-li, on a hill north of the city of Po-shan, there were 50 or 60 monks.
Another Monastery was founded by King Wen-Su (Uch-Turfan) and had 70 monks.
Convents
There were two convents in A-li (Avania).
Liun-jo-kan: 50 nuns
A-li-po: 30 nuns
Another monastery, Tsio-li, north of Kucha and a famous place where Kumārajīva's mother Jīva retreated.
Buddhist caves near Kuqa
Priests
Po-Yen
Known as Po-Yen, a priest from the royal family who traveled to the Chinese capital Luoyang between 256 and 260 BC. He translated six Buddhist texts into Chinese within the year 258 BC.
Po-Po-Śrīmitra
Po-Po-Śrīmitra is another priest from Kuqa who traveled Southern China between 307 and 312 BC and translated three Buddhist texts.
Po-Yen
A second Buddhist priest from Kuqa, known as Po-Yen, also went to Liangzhou (present-day Wuwei district in Gansu). Although not so well known in China, he translated many texts.[15]
Climate
Geography
Coinage of Rashidin Khoja. Kucha mint. Dually dated AH 1281 and RY 2 (AD 1864). Obverse legend: Said Ghazi Rashidin Khan. Ithneen in Arabic. Reverse: Zarb dar al-sultanat Kucha, 1281 in Arabic
The city is located at the southern periphery of the Tian Shan range, the northern portion of the Tarim Basin, and the centre of the autonomous region. It occupies part of the northeastern portion of Aksu Prefecture, bordering Xinhe County, Xayar County, and Luntai County, Heiing County, and Lopnur County in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Region.
Kuqa has a continental desert climate (KöppenBWk), with an average annual precipitation of 74.6 millimetres (2.94 in), a majority of which occurs in summer. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −7.2 °C (19.0 °F) in January to 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 11.29 °C (52.3 °F). The frost-free period lasts for 266 days on average.[citation needed] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 54% in March to 69% in September and October, sunshine is abundant and the city receives 2,712 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Climate data for Kuqa, elevation 1,082 m (3,550 ft), (1991–2020 normals)
Agricultural products include wheat, corn, rice, cotton as well as pears, apricots, melons, grapes, pomegranates, figs, etc. Specialty products include Sanbei Sheep (三北羊) lambskin, white apricots and thin-shelled walnuts. Mineral resources include oil and coal. Industries include coal mining, tractor manufacturing and repair, construction and processing for non-staple foods.[26]
As of 1885[update], there was about 99,200 acres (654,476 mu) of cultivated land in Kuqa.[27]
Kuqa is also the name of the central town (Chinese: 库车镇), located in the easternmost area of Kuqa. It is the second largest town of Aksu Prefecture. Its area size is 14,528.74 square meters and population 470,600, composed of fourteen peoples including the Uyghurs, Hans, Huis, and Mongols. Kuqa is a thriving town of oil and natural gas development of the Tarim Basin, and of tourism, as it was once the homeland of the ancient Buddhist Kingdom of Kucha.[citation needed] Its tourist attractions are:
^ abFred Hiatt (2 December 2019). "These journalists have confounded China's massive propaganda machine". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2020. It was Hoshur's Oct. 29 story that confirmed the deaths of 150 people over the course of six months at the No. 1 Internment Camp in the Yengisher district of Kuchar county, "marking the first confirmation of mass deaths since the camps were introduced in 2017," as the story notes.
^Atalay, Besim (2006). Divanü Lügati't – Türk. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN975-16-0405-2, Cilt I, sayfa 113, Cilt III, sayfa 219 ve 238
^Atalay, Besim (2006). Divanü Lügati't – Türk. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN975-16-0405-2, Cilt III, sayfa 219
^西域历史中的龟兹. 龟兹网. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2020. 乾隆二十三年(1758)，龟兹归入清朝版图，定名库车。
^Justin V. Hastings (December 2011). "Charting the Course of Uyghur Unrest". The China Quarterly (208): 901. JSTOR41447781. (Sourced to the Xinjiang Public Security Gazette (新疆通志·公安志), pages 81–83)
^2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：库车县 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Kuqa County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019. 统计用区划代码 名称 652923001000 热斯坦街道 652923002000 萨克萨克街道 652923003000 新城街道 652923004000 东城街道 652923101000 乌恰镇 652923102000 阿拉哈格镇 652923103000 齐满镇 652923104000 墩阔坦镇 652923105000 牙哈镇 652923106000 乌尊镇 652923107000 伊西哈拉镇 652923108000 二八台镇 652923201000 玉奇吾斯塘乡 652923202000 比西巴格乡 652923203000 哈尼喀塔木乡 652923204000 阿克吾斯塘乡 652923205000 阿格乡 652923206000 塔里木乡 652923500000 库车经济技术开发区
^ ab库车县历史沿革 [Kuqa County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2020. 2010年第六次人口普查，库车县常住总人口462588人，其中：热斯坦街道13298人，萨克萨克街道18156人，新城街道44184人，东城街道27114人，乌恰镇41557人，阿拉哈格镇38197人，齐满镇35871人，墩阔坦镇17965人，牙哈镇31856人，乌尊镇29243人，依西哈拉镇32132人，雅克拉镇1029人，玉奇吾斯塘乡27355人，比西巴格乡26131人，哈尼喀塔木乡35430人，阿克吾斯塘乡16027人，阿格乡6960人，塔里木乡3877人，水电二处2260人，二八台农场4413人，良种繁胄场2678人，库孜翁牧场1551人，草湖牧场1136人，库车种羊场3008人，库车监狱360人，克其力克农场800人。
^Communication Construction Administration Bureau of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region (September 2007). "PRC: Xinjiang Regional Road Improvement Project (Korla-Kuqa Section)"(PDF). Asian Development Bank. p. 76. Retrieved 10 July 2020. Distribution of Rural Poor Population in Kuche County{...}No. Town（ship）{...}1 Hanikatamu{...}2 Talimu{...}3 Akewusitang{...}4 Age{...}5 Yuqiwusitang{...}6 Bixibage{...}7 Wuqia{...}8 Yixihala{...}9 Yaha{...}10 Wuzun{...}11 Qiman{...}12 Dunkuotan{...}13 Alahage{...}
^3–7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
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_Kucha_mint._Dually_dated_AH_1281_and_RY_2_(AD_1864)._Legend_Said_Ghazi_Rashidin_Khan._Ithneen_in_Arabic._Reverse_Zarb_dar_al-sultanat_Kuqa,_1281_in_Arabic.jpg)
![Map including Kuqa (labeled as K'U-CH'E (KUCHA)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[c]](File:A-k%60o-su_NK-44_(1950)_-_panoramio.jpg)
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Kuqa (K'u-ch'e) (DMA, 1985)[d]](File:Operational_Navigation_Chart_F-6,_6th_edition.jpg)
