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independent origins of lichenization; three in the basidiomycetes and at least two in the Ascomycetes. Lutzoni et al. (2001) suggest lichenization probably evolved...

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. It is not an actual...

(trans-lichenization). Sylvia Sharnoff; Stephen Sharnoff. "Lichen Biology and the Environment". Lichens of North America Information (formerly www.lichen.com)...

Lichen sclerosus (LSc) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of disputed cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong predilection...

switch between free-living and loosely lichenized modes depending on their substrate (termed "optional lichenization"), bryophyte-associated cyanobacterial...

optional lichenization (where a fungus can live either as a lichen or independently) complicate matters. The same Stictis fungus can form a lichen when algae...

photobiont from the Trentepohliales, marking the first confirmed case of lichenization within the family. Actinocymbe Höhn. (1911) Ainsworthia Bat. & Cif....

This glossary provides an overview of terms used in the description of lichens, composite organisms arising from algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically...

Lichenology – the study of lichens. Acharius Medal – awarded for lifetime achievement in lichenology. Evolution of lichens – lichenization of fungi has occurred...

The Lithosiini are a tribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae. The taxon was described by Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820. The tribe was previously treated...

Look up lichen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lichen is a type of symbiotic organism. Lichen may also refer to: Lichens (musician), Robert Aiki Aubrey...

The three main growth forms Lichens are symbiotic colonies composed of multiple species: a fungus, one or more photobionts (an alga and/or a cyanobacteria)...

Dictyonema fungus is a basidiomycete, so it developed lichenization independently from the ascomycete lichens. Within the basidiomycetes, Dictyonema is closely...

"old Licheń"; it is often referred to as simply Licheń. Licheń Stary is the site of Poland's largest church, the Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń, completed...

A lichen community is a group of lichen species that consistently grow together in response to specific environmental conditions. In general ecology,...

Felt lichen may refer to: Peltigera malacea, felt lichen Erioderma pedicellatum, boreal felt lichen This page is an index of articles on fungus species...

mucinosis (also known as scleromyxedema, "generalized lichen myxedematosus" and "sclerodermoid lichen myxedematosus") is a rare skin disease. Localized and...

the process of lichenization. Through these studies, researchers have identified several key stages in the early development of the lichen thallus. The...

Lichen striatus is a rare skin condition that is seen primarily in children, most frequently appearing ages 5–15. It consists of a self-limiting eruption...

the wolf lichen, powdered sunshine lichen, and the ground lichen), not all have a cultural history of usage as an edible lichen. Often lichens are merely...

Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products...

A saxicolous lichen is a lichen that grows on rock. The prefix "sax" from the Latin saxum means "rock" or "stone". Saxicolous lichens exhibit very slow...

Lichen Lake may refer to: Lichen Lake (Opawica River), Quebec, Canada Lichen Lake (Minnesota), United States Lichen (disambiguation) This disambiguation...

sound artist who formerly recorded under the moniker Lichens. In live past performances as Lichens and currently as Robert Aiki Aubrey Lowe, Lowe incorporates...

Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored...

Trouble with Lichen (published 1960) is a science fiction novel by British writer John Wyndham. The plot concerns a young female biochemist who discovers...

A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship...

Hypoprepia miniata, the scarlet-winged lichen moth or scarlet lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by William...

A vagrant lichen is a lichen that is either not attached to a substrate, or can become unattached then blow around, yet continue to grow and flourish....

A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like lobes, which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three...

dictionary. Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed into filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms...

leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do. Squamulose lichens are composed...

Lycomorpha pholus, the black-and-yellow lichen moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to North Carolina...

plant hormones. On a lichen, the cortex is also the surface layer or "skin" of the nonfruiting part of the body of some lichens. It is the "skin", or...

The Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń [ˈlixɛɲ] (Polish: Bazylika Najświętszej Maryi Panny Licheńskiej) is a Catholic church at the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows...

Lichens are a composite organism consisting of fungi and algae living in symbiotic relationship. They are well adapted to survive in harsh conditions...

An endolithic lichen is a crustose lichen that grows inside solid rock, growing between the grains, with only the fruiting bodies exposed to the air....

Gonatista grisea, common name grizzled mantis, Florida bark mantis or lichen mimic mantis, is a species of praying mantis native to the southern United...

Schwendener's theory of lichenization. 1883. La synthèse byro-lichénique. 7 pp. (reprinted from Le naturaliste) 1884. "Les céphalodies des lichens et le Schwendenerisme"...

and commonly harbours bacteria. Lichenization (forming lichens) is common among fungi. One 2017 estimate put lichen-forming fungi at about 27% of known...

script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The...

Dust lichens are lichens in either the genus Chrysothrix or genus Lepraria. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search Dust Lichen (Chrysothrix)...

Histopathology of lichen amyloidosis, with subepithelial Congo red-positive deposits Lichen amyloidosis on a 56-year-old male's leg Lichen amyloidosis on...

A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark. This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from...

A foliicolous lichen is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but...

bryophilous lichen is one that grows on a bryophyte – that is, on a moss or liverwort. Those that grow on mosses are muscicolous lichens, while those...

Rim lichen is a common name for lichens in either the genus Lecanora or the genus Squamarina Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale...

described as subterete, meaning that they are not completely terete. Lichen Vocabulary, Lichens of North America Information, Sylvia and Stephen Sharnoff, [1]...

the class Dothideomycetes, and Lecidea hassei, a lichen that grows inside solid rock (endolithic lichen), were both named in his honor. He principally did...

symbiotic associations with fungi to form lichens. In general, the fungal species that partner in lichens cannot live on their own, while the algal species...

antinuclear antibodies. Morphea–lichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap is characterized by both lesions of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, most...

umbilicate lichen is a lichen that is only attached to its substrate at a single point. An example is Lasallia papulosa. Lichen Vocabulary, LICHENS OF NORTH...

Wart lichen may refer to lichens in different genera, which are not all in the same family: Porina Pyrenula Staurothele Verrucaria This page is an index...

mycorrhiza and lichenization. Studies suggest that the ancestral ecological state of the Ascomycota was saprobism, and that independent lichenization events have...

Lichen morphology describes the external appearance and structures of a lichen. These can vary considerably from species to species. Lichen growth forms...

Anema is a genus of lichen within the family Lichinaceae. The genus contains at least 13 species. Species names associated at some time with Anema are...

Ipana egregia, also known as the South Island lichen moth or zebra lichen moth, is a moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand...

some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular...

Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate...

Lichen Island is a small island lying 9 kilometres (5 nmi) north of the Bølingen Islands and 5 kilometres (2.5 nmi) north-west of Cleft Island in southern...

body part of the lichen. The name comes from the name of the lichen genus Lecanora, whose members have such apothecia. If a lichen has lecanorine apothecia...

morphology. For other related terms, see Glossary of phytopathology, Glossary of lichen terms, and List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names...

Usnea is a genus of fruticose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which currently contains roughly 130 species, was established by Michel...

Lichen ruber is one of several diseases of the skin: Lichen ruber moniliformis (Wise–Rein disease) Lichen ruber planus (lichen planus) This disambiguation...

Lichen aureus, also known as lichen purpuricus, is a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of one or several golden or rust-colored, closely...

network, potentially facilitating photobiont interactions during natural lichenization. These adaptations support X. parietina's regenerative ability and symbiotic...

Ephebe is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Porocyphaceae. These lichens form dark, hair-like mats that spread across rocks and tree bark...

contributes to the variety of lichen habitats. Monitoring programs have been established to track long-term changes in lichen populations, particularly in...

Caeruleum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Acarosporaceae. Two species are currently recognized, C. heppii and C. immersum. Caeruleum is...

Lichen myxedematous is a group of cutaneous disorders considered mucinoses. Conditions included in this group are: Generalized lichen myxedematosus Localized...

This is a list of common names of lichen genera. When a common name for a lichen genus is the same as the scientific name for that genus, it is not included...

of legumes, and the mutualistic partnership of algae and fungi to form lichens. The term "symbiosis" is derived from Ancient Greek συμβίωσις symbíōsis:...

plant life, including vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts and lichens. The Network was founded in 2003 and has a worldwide membership. The Network...

Stefano, Bertuzzi; Tretiach, Mauro (2015). "Desiccation tolerance and lichenization: a case study with the aeroterrestrial microalga Trebouxia sp. (Chlorophyta)"...

commonly known as the British soldiers lichen or the British soldiers cup lichen, is a fruticose, cup lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. The...

Bryoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens. The genus has a widespread...

sometimes called lichen katydids, which are found in Mexico, Central America and South America, often in highlands; however, the term "lichen katydids" is...

Lichen scrofulosorum is a rare tuberculid that presents as a lichenoid eruption of minute papules in children and adolescents with tuberculosis. The lesions...

of lichen are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. This process relies on the presence of cyanobacteria as a partner species within the lichen. The...

condition affecting people with sarcoidosis Ulcerative lichen planus, a rare variant of lichen planus Ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel...

Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is thick leathery skin with exaggerated skin markings caused by sudden itching and excessive rubbing and scratching. It...

grazing by reindeer in the 1940s, lichen was the predominant groundcover on the island. By 1963, scientists reported that lichen mats seldom exceeded about 1cm...

Cryptothele is a genus of lichen within the family Lichinaceae. The genus contains eight species, two of which are found in North America. Lumbsch TH,...

genus of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic family Lopadiaceae, which is in the order Lecideales. The genus contains 12 species. These lichens form thin...

is seen in: Psoriasis Pityriasis rubra pilaris Lichen planus Flat warts Lichen nitidus Vitiligo Lichen sclerosus Elastosis perforans serpiginosa Kaposi...

birth of the Solar System. In 1981, lichens found at Victoria Land attracted the attention of NASA because lichens may give clues about where to look for...

bolete mushrooms (specifically Boletus fomentarius var. pseudo-igniarius), lichen, and Iceland moss. Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle...

Cryphia algae, the tree-lichen beauty, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is found in Mediterranean...

lichenization. Recent (2009) studies suggest that the ancestral ecological state of the Ascomycota was saprobism, and that independent lichenization events...

which D. baeomyces belongs] and the two families represent independent lichenization events." D. baeomyces is characterized by bulbous pink apothecia, 1–4 mm...

Cisthene tenuifascia, the thin-banded lichen moth or three-banded lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Leon F. Harvey in...

Synalissa is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. These lichens form tiny, coral-like cushions with upright branches that...

which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly...

used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and lichen. Their name originates from the Greek word ψῶχος (psokhos), meaning "gnawed"...

Texas. While it superficially resembles its namesake, the lichen Usnea, it is neither a lichen nor a moss (instead being a member of the bromeliad family...

Ipana atronivea, commonly called the North Island lichen moth or North Island zebra moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand...

(tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples...

It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen Solitaria chrysophthalma. The species was first formally described in 1944...

Roccella is a genus of 23 species of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in...

presence and distribution can sometimes serve as a taxonomic feature in lichen identification. However, because pruina formation is heavily influenced...

various willows. Rare lichen communities are found using the mosses as a substrate, and add a wealth of colour to the understory. Lichens of genera Pannaria...

ciliaris, commonly known as the great ciliated lichen or eagle's claws, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It is predominantly...

independent lichenization events in previously unrelated fungal taxa. Loss of lichenization has likely led to the coexistence of non-lichenized fungi and...

Australia is a 59 volume series describing the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories. The series is published...

Lichen stromatolites are laminar calcretes that are proposed as being formed by a sequence of repetitions of induration followed by lichen colonization...

Reichlingia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. It has seven species. The genus was originally circumscribed by Paul Diederich...

identified. Lichens account for 400 of these, while 750 are non-lichenized. Only around 20 species of fungi are macroscopic. The non-lichenized species come...

Cetraria islandica, also known as true Iceland lichen or Iceland moss, is an Arctic-alpine lichen whose erect or upright, leaflike habit gives it the appearance...

geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered...

Chrysothrix chlorina, the sulphur dust lichen, is a species of leprose (powdery) crustose lichen in the family Chrysotrichaceae. Originally described...

known as lichen katydids. These highly spiny katydids are very well camouflaged, with colors and patterns that closely resemble the Usnea lichen upon which...

no true forest on the Commander Islands. The vegetation is dominated by lichens, mosses and different associations of marshy plants with low grass and...

Irwin (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08249-4. "Usnea longissima". lichen.com. Lichens of North America...

a taxonomic and name database.) Lichen database: gives the wikidata ID, AusLichenID for native and naturalised lichen. AusMoss (not yet used in wikidata)...

terricolous lichen is a lichen that grows on the soil as a substrate. Examples include some members of the genus Peltigera. These lichens help stabilise...

Ethnolichenology is the study of the relationship between lichens and people. Lichens have and are being used for many different purposes by human cultures...

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological...

Oakmoss (scientific name Evernia prunastri) is a species of lichen. It can be found in many mountainous temperate forests throughout the Northern Hemisphere...

Xyleborus is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Stereocaulaceae. It comprises two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2009 by Richard...

Halone sinuata, the rock lichen moth, is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Hans Daniel Johan Wallengren in 1860. It is found in Australia...

and Lichens, joined by longtime bassist Cates, did not help. Schlitt said Cates cited fatigue with the touring lifestyle, but that he fired Lichens and...

saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1767 as Lichen corallinus, it was long known as...

Parmelia sulcata, commonly known as the hammered shield lichen or cracked-shield lichen, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described by Thomas...

Sonder herbarium Fern collections Bryophyte collections Algae collections Lichen collections Fungi collections Botany of the Burke and Wills expedition Louisa...

[citation needed] Lichen frequently grow on the surface of, or within, rocks. Particularly during the initial colonization process, the lichen often inserts...

describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae. The prothallus...

original description characterized Tholurna dissimilis as a Norwegian alpine lichen with a crustose thallus composed of granular-papillose squamules (scales)...

specializing in lichens. He is known for leading long-term monitoring projects, taxonomy and studies of the evolution of the fungi in lichens. After growing...

infiltration between the epidermis and dermis. Examples include lichen planus, lichen sclerosus and lichen nitidus. It can also be associated with abrasion or drug...

Thelotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae, the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae now belong. Members...

(Decapoda) Cephalopod (Gamochonia) Fern (Filicinae) Red Algae (Florideae) Lichen (Lichenes) Lizard (Lacertilia) Moss (Muscinae) Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) Nudibranch...

is a lichen genus comprising a number of distinct species. Members of the genus are commonly called firedot lichen, jewel lichen. gold lichens, "orange...

collaboration, including the fungus/alga partnership of different species in a lichen, or the permanent sexual partnership of an anglerfish, as an organism. The...

parasitic fungi, lichen-associated fungi, and fungi forming subterranean sporophores. His research and publications on Antarctic lichens were substantial...

Lichen spinulosus is a rare skin disorder characterized by follicular keratotic papules that are grouped into large patches. It is a variant of keratosis...

form both on the surface of the lichen as a powdery coating called pruina and within the internal structures of the lichen thallus. The type and distribution...

Lichen anatomy and physiology is very different from the anatomy and physiology of the fungus and/or algae and/or cyanobacteria that make up the lichen...

during 1904–1905 and charge of the Lichen Department from 1901 to 1905. She also wrote many articles on various lichen genera and species. She was known...

identification and taxonomy. In lichenised fungi, especially apotheciate lichens, the hymenium is commonly described together with adjacent tissues such...

twentieth century on the nature of the lichen symbiosis along with collection of many specimens and records of lichen distributions was particularly significant...

quantities of star anise, asafoetida, chili, stone flower (known as dagadphool, lichen), and kababchini (cubeb). The flavours may be blended to achieve a balanced...

least 41 species of Lichens, Ascomycota known to exist in Montana. The Montana Natural Heritage Program has identified a number of lichen species as Species...

a keratinous sheath. Frontal fibrosing alopecia, a clinical variant of lichen planopilaris, is a female scarring alopecia characterized by progressive...

one of the foremost lichen researchers of the 19th century. He devoted most of his scientific career to the systematics of lichens and was the first to...

Cameronia is a genus of crustose lichens in the monotypic family Cameroniaceae. It has two species. Both the genus and its two species were described...

decussata is a widespread species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It typically grows in high-elevation alpine...

what is available in snow-free areas, such as frozen grasses, sedges, lichens, or mosses. O. dalli will travel long distances in the spring to visit...

temperatures. The vegetation of the island consists exclusively of mosses and lichens which have adapted to the extreme Antarctic climate of Peter I Øy. Seaweed...

Cisthene barnesii, or Barnes' lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in the US...

analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical reagent on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change...

Rock tripe is a common name for edible rock-dwelling lichens, especially species of Umbilicaria. The term is vernacular rather than taxonomic, and its...

outcroppings include common greenshield lichen, beaded rosette lichen, sunken disk lichen and rim lichen. Lichen are a symbiotic relationship between various...

man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota...

peanuts, also being the largest producer in Japan. Rare species of the lichen genus Menegazzia are found only in Honshu. Most of Japan's tea and silk...

Dot lichen is a common name for lichens in the genus Arthonia or genus Micarea. "Dotted lichens" are lichens in the genus Bacidia. This page is an index...

are usually found in the temperate zone (e.g., many mosses, liverworts, lichens, and algae) or in the tropics (e.g., many ferns, cacti, orchids, and bromeliads)...

rich lichen flora that underpins tundra food webs. A 2018–2019 survey around Cambridge Bay and the nearby Wellington Inlier documented 237 lichen species...

Pandercetes gracilis, also called the lichen huntsman spider and the lichen spider, is a huntsman spider found on New Guinea, the Maluku Islands, Sulawesi...

on the tips of plant roots. Hyphae are found enveloping the gonidia in lichens, making up a large part of their structure. In nematode-trapping fungi...

only a small number of species of terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and lichens. The coasts are the breeding ground for various seabirds and penguins,...

lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Gomphillaceae, and the type species of the genus Corticifraga. Its typical host lichen is Peltigera...

Ramalina menziesii, the lace lichen or fishnet, is a pale yellowish-green to grayish-green fruticose lichen. It grows up to a meter long, hanging from...

A ramicolous lichen is one that lives on branches. Moffett 2000, p. 577. Moffett, Mark W. (December 2000). "What's "Up"? A Critical Look at the Basic Terms...

Psora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Psoraceae. Members of the genus are commonly called fishscale lichens. Lichens in the genus Psora...

bizarre, giant plants. This is a magnified view of a cluster of moss and lichen that Escher drew in ink as a study in 1942. The background seems to be a...

labialis, psoriasis, and lichen sclerosus. It is also used to treat several auto-immune diseases including alopecia areata, lichen planus (auto immune skin...

striae or Wickham's striae are whitish lines visible in the papules of lichen planus and other dermatoses, typically in the oral mucosa. The microscopic...

class. It was first isolated in 1968 from lichen of the genus Usnea. It has since been found in many other lichen genera including Menegazzia, Crespoa, and...

varies markedly with the seasons, but it is primarily a herbivore with lichens being its main food source. It is diurnal and largely arboreal, spending...

Hypoprepia fucosa, the painted lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1831. It is found in the...

Nebularia is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pannariaceae. It comprises two species, both of which are found in the Andes. The genus...

Graphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Historically, Graphis was used as a broad category for species with colourless,...

Haematomma is a genus of crustose lichens established by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. It is the sole genus in the Haematommataceae, a family...

indigo. Dye-bearing lichen produce a wide range of greens, oranges, yellows, reds, browns, and bright pinks and purples. The lichen Rocella tinctoria was...

mosses, lichens and algae adapted to this harsh environment, with lichens preferring the wetter areas of the rocky landscape. The most common lichens are...

Lichens of the Sierra Nevada have been little studied. A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner...

crossbill. Research into lichen communities in the Cairngorms has shown that the area hosts distinctive terricolous (ground-dwelling) lichen vegetation associated...

 brasiliensis and C. melvinii have so far been formally described. These lichens form thin, grey-olive, scale- to leaf-like patches on soil-covered rock...

exploration. Weathered ultramafic rocks may form lateritic nickel ore deposits. Lichen communities on ultramafic rocks show distinctive characteristics, including...

secondary syphilis, psoriasis, eczema, tinea manuum, mycosis fungoides. In lichen planus papules may be itchy, flat-topped, polygonal, purplish with white...

cancer are over the age of 55. Lichen sclerosus—Lichen sclerosus is a disease causing white patches on the skin. Lichen sclerosus increases the risk of...

Kraurosis vulvae Lichen nitidus Lichen planus actinicus (actinic lichen nitidus, actinic lichen planus, lichen planus atrophicus annularis, lichen planus subtropicus...

Shield lichen is the common name for lichens in either the genus Heterodermia or genus Parmelia. Gandhi, Arumugam D.; Sathiyaraj, Sivaji; Suriyakala,...

Glyphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. These lichens form pale grey-green to buff crusts on tree bark and are characterized...

aerobic bacterium from the genus Subtercola which has been isolated from the lichen Lobaria retigera from the Jiaozi Snow Mountain in China. Si, HL; Shi, FX;...

they grow parasitically on other lichens. These microscopic fungi appear as tiny black dots on the surface of their lichen hosts, forming small flask-shaped...

Forest Department has developed a lichen park in Munsiari, which is spread across 1.5 acres. It is India's first lichen park and its development started...

the family Erebidae. Its only species, Pagara simplex, the mouse-colored lichen moth, is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama...

granite-speck rim-lichen, purple rock lichen, brown cobblestone lichen and goldspot lichen and many rare lichen grow on rocks exposed by mining that are...

water droplets and lichens that cling to the cacti soak it in like a sponge. Guanacos then eat the cactus flowers and the lichens. Watching for danger...

fireweed and lupine. The other type is the lichen woodland or sparse taiga, with trees that are farther-spaced and lichen groundcover; the latter is common in...

species in the genus Graphis, a lichen-forming fungal genus in the family Graphidaceae. Species of Graphis are crustose lichens that form thin, often pale...

Elixia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Elixiaceae. It has two species: Elixia cretica T.Sprib. & Lumbsch (2010) Elixia flexella (Ach.) Lumbsch...

includes the underwings (Catocala); litter moths (Herminiinae); tiger, lichen, footman and wasp moths (Arctiinae); tussock moths (Lymantriinae), including...

vermicularis, the whiteworm lichen, is the traditional name applied to a widespread, morphologically uniform group of fruticose lichens in the family Icmadophilaceae...

Sunburst lichen is the common name of generally orange fioliose lichens that are members of the genus Xanthoparmelia or genus Xanthoria. "Xantho" means...

His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A...

Brunia replana, the lichen-eating caterpillar or lichen moth, is a species of moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in Australia (including New...

fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species...

Lobaria pulmonaria is a large epiphytic lichen consisting of an ascomycete fungus and a green algal partner living together in a symbiotic relationship...

vernacular names, including "scum lover", "common club mushroom lichen", "frail bones", and "club lichen", the last of which is also used to refer to the entire...

Christian Leuckert was a lichen taxonomist who applied the diversity of secondary metabolites within lichens as useful taxonomic criteria. He was Director...

the triad essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and oral lichen planus. Oral lichen planus is thought to be a result of the drugs used for treatment...

The Endrosina are a subtribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae. The subtribe was previously classified as the tribe Endrosini of the subfamily Lithosiinae...

crystallography. Naturally occurring perylene quinones have been identified in lichens Laurera sanguinaria and Graphis haematites. See also blue amber. Perylene...

a brain damage often seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy. Lichen sclerosus, an inflammatory skin disease that most often affects the vulva...

Lichenology is the branch of mycology that studies the lichens, symbiotic organisms made up of an intimate symbiotic association of a microscopic alga...

Problems. - Riga, 1956. - T.XI. - P. 81-111. Classification (and lichenization & de-lichenization) Australian National Botanic Gardens and Australian National...

Cladonia coccifera or madame's cup lichen is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first described by Swedish lichenologist...

Jiang-Chun (2014). "Genome characteristics reveal the impact of lichenization on lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum Hedwig (Verrucariales, Ascomycota)"...

is better known as the Javanese Lichen Stick Insect due to their habit of covering their bodies with moss and lichens to supplement their disguise in...

Plummer–Vinson syndrome and iron deficiency anemia. It has also been associated with lichen planus, syphilis, and rheumatic fever. The term is from Greek κοῖλος (koilos)...

Land). This area has the warmest climate in Antarctica and the moss and lichen-covered rocks are free of snow during the summer months, although the weather...

Thyrea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Porocyphaceae. It contains four species that have been accepted by Species Fungorum. The genus...

"Ediacarans, Protolichens, and Lichen-Derived Penicillium: A Critical Reassessment of the Evolution of Lichenization in Fungi". In Krings, Michael; Cúneo...

Cladonia stellaris (star-tipped cup lichen or star reindeer lichen) is an ecologically important species of cup lichen that forms continuous mats over large...

plasticolous lichenized fungus is a lichen that grows on plastic surfaces. This behaviour was first observed in 1994 when foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichens were...

A lignocolous lichen is a lichen that grows on wood that has the bark stripped from it. This contrasts with a corticolous lichen that grows on the bark...

Pertusaria is a large genus of warty crustose lichens in the Pertusariaceae family. The fruiting bodies are usually modified apothecia that immersed in...

mycologist known for her extensive work on the taxonomy and biogeography of the lichen genus Lecanora. She is currently the head of the Władysław Szafer Institute...

Anolis cristifer, the crested lichen anole or Cristifer anole, is a species of lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is found in Mexico and Guatemala...

Carbonicola is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the sole genus in the monogeneric family Carbonicolaceae. The genus, which collectively has...

known to the ancient Greeks and Hebrews, was made from a Mediterranean lichen called archil or dyer's moss (Roccella tinctoria), combined with an ammoniac...

Merismatium is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Verrucariales. The genus was circumscribed...

‘ohelo (Vaccinium reticulatum), ‘āma‘u (Sadleria cyatheoides); on Surtsey: lichen (Stereocaulon vesuvianum and Placopsis gelida), moss (Racomitrium ericoides)...

lichens. Crittenden is known for using new techniques to study lichens, such as the use of 3D printing and X-ray computed tomography to study lichen structure...

Wadeana is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the division Ascomycota. Its to other taxa within the division is unknown (incertae sedis), and it...

Umbilicaria cylindrica, commonly known as the fringed rock tripe, is a leafy lichen found in cold, high-altitude and polar regions across the globe. It forms...

Cladonia stygia, commonly known as the black‐footed reindeer lichen, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is distributed across boreal...

recorded 23 cyanobacterial species from 10 genera and 17 cyanobacterial lichen species from six genera on exposed rock across savanna, transitional and...

depends on heavy accumulations of fruticose "hair" lichens such as Bryoria and Alectoria. These lichens reach stand-level "hyperabundance" only in forests...

little-known species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Abrothallaceae. It parasitizes the lichen Nephroma tangeriense in Portugal. Named...

is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains 22 species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens found primarily...

deer are actually herbivores, with their main source of nutrients being lichens. Due to the severe amount of poaching for its musk gland, the deer population...

throughout the forest. Many unique mosses and lichens are also present in the rainforest, such as lettuce lichen (Lobaria oregana), which "requires the cool...

"Lichen Biology and the Environment". lichen.com. Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2014. "Fun facts about fungi: Lichens are...

Kalb (born 1942) is a German lichenologist and an authority on tropical lichens. Born in Nuremberg, he studied at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg...

The Lithosiina are a subtribe of lichen moths in the family Erebidae. The taxon was erected by Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820. The subtribe used to be classified...

Endococcus thelommatis is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Lichenotheliaceae. It was formally described as a new species...

Not to be confused with Mauritania Mauritiana is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Halotthiaceae. "Mauritiana". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 21...

including perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens. Alpine plants must adapt to the harsh conditions of the alpine environment...

Peltigera canina, commonly known as the dog lichen, is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It was originally described...

Little work has been done on the lichens of Madagascar, so while over 500 species of lichens have been documented, more are expected. Madagascar can be...

referred to as shrubby cup lichen or green reindeer lichen, is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. The lichen is composed of two thalli;...

is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry...

Leucodermia leucomelos is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Physciaceae, and the type species of the genus Leucodermia. This species is widely...

species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. This distinctive lichen forms pale to dull grey patches measuring 1–15...

Rhizocarpon macrosporum (lemon map lichen) is a smooth, bright yellow crustose aereolate lichen found in the Sonoran Desert of California and Arizona,...

(possibly myrrh). Other researchers have believed manna to be a form of lichen – a plant-like colony that often has a low mass per unit volume density...

the local lichen funga. His contributions included producing exsiccata (dried herbarium specimen) collections, describing numerous lichen genera and...

and vertex. The larvae of Leucochrysa pavida are often lichen-clad. This means they use lichen and other tree litter, including pollen and moss, to camouflage...

short-tailed weasel white-tailed deer Frederic Erbisch counted 30 species of lichen in the forest in the early 1970s. The most common species within the section...

Crambidia pallida, the pale lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Packard in 1864. It is found from Nova Scotia to Florida...

thysanophora, commonly known as the mapledust lichen, is a species of mostly corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. This common...

László Sándor Lőkös is a Hungarian lichenologist and former curator of the lichen collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest. He studied...

Joseph Louis Proust (1806). "Sur l'utilité du Lichen d'Islande, comme aliment" [On the utility of Iceland lichen as a food]. Journal de Physique, de Chimie...

acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist...

plants, more than 1,500 lichens and nearly 1,000 bryophytes. The total number of vascular species is low by world standard but lichens and bryophytes are abundant...

(formerly Xanthoria elegans), commonly known as the elegant sunburst lichen, is a lichenized species of fungus in the genus Rusavskia, family Teloschistaceae...

species in the genus are lichenicolous, meaning they live parasitically on lichens. As of August 2022[update], Species Fungorum accepts 8 species of Rhagadostoma...

Mesa Range, north of the Vantage Hills and Illusion Hills, and east of the Lichen Hills and Lemasters Bluff. It flows north past the Pain Mesa to its east...

Calicium is a genus of leprose lichens. It is in the family Caliciaceae, and has 40 species. The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores...

peruviana is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae with a pantropical distribution. The lichen was first formally described by Erik...

Lipschütz ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease, lichen planus, lichen sclerosis, and immunobullous disease such as pemphigous vulgaris...

dwarf oak, Dizzard Wood, which is of international importance for its lichen communities. Dizzard is between the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the valley...

Nanostictis caucasica is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Stictidaceae. It is known to occur only in a single locality in...

only place the critically endangered Splitting Yarn or Iron Maiden's Hair lichen Sulcaria isidiifera can be found. The 85-acre (34 ha) park was established...

National Museum of Wales from 1920 until 1961. He was president of the British Lichen Society from 1964 until 1966. Arthur Wade was born in Leicester on 22 November...

opposite-leaved golden saxifrage. More than 80 species of lichen have been recorded in Grenofen Wood and lichen species include Parmelia horescens (genus Parmelia...

British lichenologist. His research interests included lichen taxonomy and phylogenetics, aquatic lichens, and the family Verrucariaceae. Alan Orange was born...

Jonica), a municipality in Calabria, Italy Roccella (lichen), a lichen genus Roccellina, a genus of lichen-forming fungi This disambiguation page lists articles...

grass, and lichen, which she lines with fine grass, moss, and pine needles and may camouflage with dangling pieces of grass, flowers, lichen, and moss...

Szostak, Michał (2019). "A 157-stop organ in the Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń, Licheń Stary, Poland". The Diapason. Scranton Gillette Communications. Retrieved...

lichenicolous fungus in the family Verrucariaceae. It is known to infect the lichen Bacidia rubella. "Muellerella hospitans". Global Biodiversity Information...

winter, especially reindeer lichen (Cladonia rangiferina); they are the only large mammal able to metabolize lichen. Many lichens synthesize toxic phenolic...

Tania is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. It comprises two species. "The genus was established in 1995 and is named after the...

so dramatically that they no longer have much of a grazing effect. The lichen flora of chalk grasslands represents an often overlooked component of calcareous...

– 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology". Acharius was famously the...

Umbilicaria torrefacta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Umbilicariaceae. It is an arctic-alpine species with a circumpolar...

and 14,000 non-vascular plants, 250,000 species of fungi and over 3,000 lichens. The flora has strong affinities with the flora of Gondwana, and below...

known to the ancient Greeks and Hebrews, and was made from a Mediterranean lichen called archil or dyer's moss (Roccella tinctoria), combined with an ammoniac...

lapidella).Cased larvae feed, often in flocks, on lichen. They can often be found in large numbers on lichen-covered tree trunks and fences. UKmoths v t e...

physciae, a lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus that grows exclusively on the fruiting bodies of the common orange lichen Xanthoria parietina. The fungus...

Hemigraphaceae. It is a lichenicolous fungus that grows on the thallus of the script lichen Graphis assimilis and has only been collected in Fakahatchee Strand Preserve...

(1837–1898) was a French lichenologist who studied lichens in Algeria. Flagey edited two exsiccatae, namely Lichens de Franche-Comté et de quelques localités environnantes...

Amazonomyces is a lichenized genus of fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. The genus contains 3 species: Amazonomyces farkasiae (Lücking) Lücking, Sérus....

tinctoria It is used to make litmus, a mixture of several organic compounds. Lichen has been used for centuries to make dyes. This includes royal purple colors...

fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches. Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichens or cartilage lichens. Apothecia...

Oahu. The type locality is the Waianae Range. The larvae probably feed on lichen on and beneath the bark of Acacia koa and Aleurites moluccanus. The larva...

Dufourea is a genus of mostly foliose lichen species in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Species in the genus are found in the...

lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen. They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen,...

Lepra is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pertusariaceae. Although the genus was created in 1777, it was not regularly used until it was resurrected...

Afrida ydatodes, or Dyar's lichen moth, is a species of moth in the family Nolidae (nolid moths). It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1913 and...

Lichenopeltella rangiferinae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Microthyriaceae. Described as a new species in 2011,...

He made contributions to the field of lichenology through his work on lichen chemistry and taxonomy, particularly his studies of Arctic flora. His most...

Sibon longifrenis, Stejneger's snail sucker or lichen-colored snail sucker, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Panama, Costa...

lichenization. Recent (2009) studies suggest that the ancestral ecological state of the Ascomycota was saprobism, and that independent lichenization events...

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. She was president of the British Lichen Society 2014–2016. Janet W. Simkin became interested in lichens at school. She took an M. A. degree in natural...

Cyphomenes anisitsii make mud nests in lichen growing on tree trunks and camouflage their nests with additional lichen. Myers, P.; Espinosa, R.; Parr, C....

in lichens, but have also been isolated from higher plants, including species of the Ericaceae, Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae and Myrtaceae. In lichens, depsides...

candelaris, commonly known as the mustard powder lichen or gold dust lichen, is a species of leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Chrysothricaceae. It typically...

natural disaster, common pioneer organisms include lichens and algae. Mosses usually follow lichens in colonization but cannot serve as pioneer organisms...

microhabitats. This outcrop supports one of Britain's richest montane limestone lichen floras, with more than 100 species, including many nationally rare species...

formula C19H17ClO8. It is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens and is a member of the depside class of compounds. It was first isolated...

May 1828 – 28 January 1896) was a Swiss botanist who was a specialist in lichens. He published under the name Johannes Müller Argoviensis to distinguish...

madreporiformis, commonly known as V-fingers, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It forms a yellow-brown thallus of branching...

Paradoxomyces is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Paradoxomyces nymanii...

Toninia poeltiana is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Ramalinaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 by the lichenologists...

for his systematic work on the brown parmelioid lichens and for developing online resources for lichen taxonomy. Esslinger studied at Eastern Washington...

Niebla, also known as the sea-fog lichens, is a genus of yellow-green fruticose lichens that grow on rocks, trees, and shrubs within the fog zone of coastal...

placed alongside roads and road dust causes lichen to grow faster, making lichen a major problem. The lichen's small root strands break through the rock...

Trimerotropis saxatilis, the lichen grasshopper, is a species of band-winged grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America. "Trimerotropis...

comprises the single species Gudelia mexicana, a little-known rock-dwelling lichen found in southwest Mexico and described in 1995. Both the genus Gudelia...

Mazaediothecium is a genus of calicioid lichens in the family Pyrenulaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch lichenologist André...

Anolis beckeri, also known commonly as Becker's anole and Becker's lichen anole, is a species of lizard in the family Dactyloidae. The species is native...

the presence of yeast cells as an additional fungal component of some lichens. He works at University of Alberta and is the Canada Research Chair in...

lichenoid actinic keratosis and lichen planus-like keratosis), erythema multiforme, bullous pemphigoid, eczema, lichen planopilaris, febrile neutrophilic...

include the phylogeny, taxonomy, and phylogeography of lichen-forming fungi; lichen diversity; lichen chemistry and chemotaxonomy. He is the Associate Curator...

chrysophthalmus, sometimes referred to as the gold-eye lichen or golden-eye, is a fruticose lichen with branching lobes. Their sexual structures, apothecia...

Cladonia fimbriata or the trumpet cup lichen is a species cup lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae. In Nepal, Cladonia fimbriata has been reported...

work and studies into pteridophytes, but also studied orchids, mosses and lichens. Olof Swartz attended the University of Uppsala where he studied under...

predominant ecosystem is the páramo, with presence of frailejón plant, ferns, lichens and puyas. The average temperature is 12 °C. The route of access to the...

monotypic genus, containing the single species Tylophoropsis nyeriana, a lichen found in Africa. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota...

publish his accounts of British lichens in 1870. Between 1874 and 1877 he edited and distributed his exsiccata Lichenes Britannici exsiccati. In 1879,...

thin-crusted lichens in humid tropical mountain forests, appearing as scattered, pin-head-sized orange spots that erupt through the host lichen's surface and...

collection of over 1,300 lichens held in a set of 32 folders and small box files. In 1862 she compiled a list of 150 species of lichens that appear on the island...

names old man's beard or Methuselah's beard lichen, is a fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. This lichen is fruticose, with very long stems and short...

Kershaw (1930–2019) was a botanist and lichenologist, especially studying lichen ecophysiology. He started his career at Imperial College, University of...

Enchylium polycarpon, commonly known as the shaly jelly lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Formerly known as Collema polycarpon...

contributions to the taxonomy and biogeography of lichens. Known particularly for his work on the lichen family Cladoniaceae, he has had a long career at...

Ochrolechia tartarea is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ochrolechiaceae. It forms thick, greyish crusts with a rough...

PMID 30661799. Brodo et al. (2001), p. 6: "A species of lichen collected anywhere in its range has the same lichen-forming fungus and, generally, the same photobiont...

Arthonia thelotrematis is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Arthoniaceae. It was described in 1989 from material collected...

Valley. It is one of the locations in Joshua Tree that features abundant lichen populations. It is named after J.D. Ryan, a wealthy rancher and early mining...

their value for the classification of lichens and were regarded by contemporaries as an important contribution to lichen systematics. Steiner was born in Bludenz...

of grass-moss arctic desert, then moss-lichen arctic desert to 175 to 200 meters (574 to 656 ft), then lichen arctic desert up to 250 to 315 meters (820...

hamlet of Dockray. This protected area has an outstanding diversity of lichen species. Red squirrels have been recorded in this protected area. Tree species...

The British Lichen Society (BLS) was founded in 1958 with the objective of promoting the study and conservation of lichen. Although the society was founded...

physcion, is the predominant cortical pigment of lichens in the genus Caloplaca, a secondary product of the lichen Xanthoria parietina, and a pigment found in...

Aspicilia pacifica (pacific sunken disk lichen) is a white to grayish, brownish, or ocher crustose areolate lichen that commonly grows on siliceous rock...

ecological interests in Britain and Europe included bryophytes, fungi, lichens, higher plants, plant communities and woodlands. Rose was born in south...

Gdańsk University of Technology. She designed the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lichen, Poland's largest church, one of the largest churches by area in the world...

fungi and lichens. It is found as a major component in several common lichen species such as the elegant sunburst lichen and beard lichens, and also occurs...

known for his work on pyrenocarpous lichens and lichenicolous fungi and for his wide field knowledge of the lichen flora of eastern North America. Over...

Thamnolia is a genus of lichens in the family Icmadophilaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called whiteworm lichens. Two species of Thamnolia are...

Caloplaca marina, the orange sea lichen, is a crustose, placodioid lichen. It has wide distribution, and can be found near the shore on rocks or walls...

landscape ecology at Sheffield University. He was one of the early users of lichens as indicators of air pollution, and also studied the ecology and diversity...

Xanthoparmelia scabrosa, jocularly known as sexy footpath lichen or sexy pavement lichen, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It tolerates a very wide...

July 2002) was a French botanist and lichenologist. His specialty was the lichen flora of France and the Mediterranean region. Georges Clauzade was born...

Phaeorrhiza is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet...

and lets the lichen board their spaceship home, drawing off the other alien players. Once they depart, no damage is done to either the lichen or to Earth...

to this lichen diversity. While only six red-listed lichen species were recorded, this likely reflects insufficient assessment of alpine lichen species...

horns up to 20 centimetres (8 inches) in length. They browse on grass, lichens and buds of trees. Sure-footed and agile, they are found on any elevation...

Catarrhospora is a genus of two species of lichens in the family Lecideaceae that are found in South Africa. The genus was circumscribed by the lichenologist...

Skyttea is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Cordieritidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1981 by the lichenologists Martha...

and ferns; bryophytes, lichens, fungi, and freshwater algae. Four flowering plants are endemic to the ACT. Also several lichens are unique to the ACT,...

Carestiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Stictidaceae. It contains two species: Carestiella socia and Carestiella schizoxyloides. "Carestiella"...

Megaspora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Megasporaceae. It contains four species of crustose lichens that typically grow on soil, bryophytes...

27 January 1985) was a botanist with a special interest in mosses and lichens, and a lifelong love and knowledge of flowers. She was entirely self-educated...

Austroplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises 13 species. These lichens are found primarily in the coldest...

with other organisms; in particular, the majority of phycobionts within lichens are trebouxiophytes. A number of taxa have also lost the ability to photosynthesize...

lives on lichens) in the family Tremellaceae. It is a parasitic fungus that grows exclusively on a ground-dwelling Arctic and alpine lichen called Cetrariella...

Lepraria malouina is a species of leprose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found on the Falkland Islands, it was described as a new species in 2012 by...

Fort Kent, a lichenologist, and curator of UMFK's lichen herbarium. Selva is an expert on stubble lichens, called so because their millimeter-high stalks...

Lungwort is a common name for several plants and a lichen, and may refer to: Pulmonaria, a genus of flowering plants, specifically Pulmonaria officinalis...

Bai Lichen (Chinese: 白立忱, Xiao'erjing: ﺑَﻰْ لِ چٌ; born January 1941) is a retired Chinese politician of Hui ethnicity, and the former chairman of Ningxia...

sole species Martinjahnsia resendei, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen. This species was first scientifically described in 1968 by Josef Poelt...

highest vascular plants, about 5,000 species of mushrooms, 485 species of lichen, and more than 2,010 species of seaweed. List of mammals of Kazakhstan Geptner...

sanctuary's lichen diversity represents 8.6% of India's known lichen funga, making it one of the richest protected areas studied for lichens in the country...

Ancient Greek word σωρός (sōrós), meaning "stack, pile, heap, etc.". In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some...

This is a list of species in the fruticose lichen genus Usnea, commonly known as "beard lichens". As of March 2025[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue...

Lycaenidae. It is found in Zambia. The larvae feed on algae and foliate lichen. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cerautola fisheri. Wikispecies has...

lichenis is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces, isolated from lichen in the Chiang Rai Province of Thailand. List of Streptomyces species "Species:...

Chaenothecopsis is a genus of about 40 species of pin lichens in the family Mycocaliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1927 by Finnish lichenologist...

Mixtoconidium is a small genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the division Ascomycota. Its relationship to other genera is unclear (incertae...

Acarospora is a genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Acarosporaceae. Most species in the genus are crustose lichens that grow on rocks in open...

others wood-rotting saprotrophs, others lichenized, and yet others lichenicolous (growing on or parasitizing lichens). The Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton...

lichenan or moss starch, is a complex glucan occurring in certain species of lichens and grains. It can be extracted from Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss)...

Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland, locally known as the Virgin of Licheń is a Roman Catholic icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated by its Polish...

for millions of years, and its flora presently consists of around 250 lichens, 100 mosses, 25–30 liverworts, and around 700 terrestrial and aquatic algal...

are called haptera and similar structures of the same name are found on lichens. The holdfasts of organisms that live in sandy substrates are bulb-like...

the higher slopes (usually above 1900m in elevation), where it inhabits lichen forest and montane heathland. It usually associates in small groups of four...

of several blocks of ancient woodland. It is nationally important for lichens, with over 100 species, and for fungi, with seven Red Data Book species...

of mosses and lichens, as they are extremely resilient and are capable of surviving in areas without soil. As more mosses and lichens colonize the area...

Sporostigma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the order Arthoniales. Its familial placement is uncertain. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single...

Candelaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Candelariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo...

known as the lustrous camouflage lichen or lustrous brown-shield, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It...

Rhizocarpon viridiatrum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The species is characterized by its distinctive...

thamnina is a shiny, black tinged, variously brown squamulose crustose lichen. It has a linear growth pattern, growing along cracks in boulders. It can...

an American botanist who specialized in bryology, the study of moss and lichen. She was one of the earliest members of the Sullivant Moss Society, and...

Varicellaria lactea is a crustose lichen in the family Varicellariaceae. It forms a relatively thick, white to grey‑white, matt crust that breaks into...

terrestrial supports such as tree trunks and wet rocks or symbiotically in lichens. The filaments of Trentepohlia often have a strong orange colour (photograph...

combination with other agents. It has been reported that some cases of lichen planus have been successfully treated with basiliximab as an alternative...

heathland lichens are found on the slopes of Mynydd Enlli: the ciliate strap lichen and golden hair lichen; and there are over 350 lichen species in...

millegrana, commonly known as the mealy rosette lichen, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It is common in...

10 August 1938) is a British ecologist and lichenologist (the study of lichens). He was awarded the Acharius Medal in 2006 for lifetime contributions...

The Swedish taxonomist Carl Linnaeus described 110 lichen species in his various works between 1753 and 1774, chiefly in the first (1753) and second (1763)...

contains the single species Thelenidia monosporella, a crustose lichen. This unusual lichen is distinguished by the presence of algal cells scattered within...

the scrambled egg lichen, is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), squamulose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The lichen comprises overlapping...

hooded rosette lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. Originally described in 1882, this widely distributed lichen is characterised...

Ocean. Lichens are a mutual relationship between algae or cyanobacteria with a fungus. Therefore it is a composite organism and not plants. Lichens can be...

to the scientific study of all aspects of the biology of bryophytes and lichen-forming fungi and is one of the nation's oldest botanical organizations...

Hypostictic acid is a lichen secondary metabolite belonging to the depsidone class of aromatic compounds. It was first prepared in 1933 by catalytic hydrogenation...

Sedelnikovaea is a genus of placodioid lichens in the family Lecanoraceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by Sergey Kondratyuk, Min-Hye Jeong, and...

In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a...

Lyclene is a genus of lichen moths of the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1860. The genus is closely allied...

Cecidonia is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Lecideaceae. It has two species. These fungi create distinctive white, warty...

Follmannia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species. All three species are crustose lichens, and all occur in South...

Segestria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Porinaceae. It contains an estimated 70 species. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani,...

Sarcopyrenia is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It has 11 species. It is the only genus in Sarcopyreniaceae, a family in the order Verrucariales...

Diploschistes diacapsis (also called the desert crater lichen) is a ground-dwelling crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It forms a thick, pale grey...

Ramalinopsis is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ramalinopsis mannii. Lumbsch...

Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia...

and dense hairs, hibernating, until June on lichens on walls and fences. The caterpillars feed on lichen. Pupa black-brown, abdomen with yellow incisions...

light-coloured lichens and tree bark, and the less common black moths were more likely to be eaten by birds. As a result of the common light-coloured lichens and...

Ramalinaceae. It comprises the single species Namibialina melanothrix, a fruticose lichen. The genus is endemic to the coastal deserts of southwestern Africa, from...

(1879–1907). As a lichenologist, he was the author of "Nouvelle flore des lichens pour la détermination facile des espèces" (2 volumes, 1896–1902). In 1906...

liverwort, many forms of moss and lichen too. Trees include sessile oaks, as well as beech, rowan and silver birch. Lichens form on these birches, such as...

allergic contact dermatitis, self-inflicted trauma, Raynaud phenomenon, lichen planus, epidermolysis bullosa, or severe exfoliative diseases. This is rare...

Dirinaria picta is a species of lichen within the family Caliciaceae, classified under the order Caliciales in the class Lecanoromycetes of the division...

Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, including diatoms, fungi, algae, lichens, mosses, hornworts, liverworts, and vascular plants), both living and fossil...

One notable experiment tested the ability of lichen to survive in space. It was successful, as the lichen survived over 14 days of exposure to space. "SPACEWARN...

orchid. Lichen species at this site tend to be adapted to acidic heathlands, reflecting the vegetation that used to be present here. These lichen species...

environments. They often dominate certain biomes such as mires, bogs and lichen tundra where these plants perform primary ecosystem functions. Additionally...

14 reptiles (13 day geckos and 1 snake), 1 shrub frog, 1 orchid and 6 lichens. Later in 2021, Professors Devaka Weerakoon and Amila Sumanapala released...

extent of brown earth soils. The wood supports approximately 120 species of lichen. The wood is home to a large population of adders. Wistman's Wood has been...

studying natural sciences at the University of Berlin. Hillmann researched lichens from the period 1916 to 1943, contributing 36 publications on the subject...

and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom. Bryophytes were first studied in...

compound with the molecular formula C21H24O7. It is found in a variety of lichens, including some in the genera Evernia, Lepraria, and Ramalina. It is classified...

the fungal component. Lichen species are given the same scientific name (binomial name) as the fungus species in the lichen. Lichens are being integrated...

green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United...

cryptobiotic soils. Biological soil crusts are most often composed of fungi, lichens, cyanobacteria, bryophytes, and algae in varying proportions. These organisms...

stipplescale, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Placidium arboreum is primarily found in the...

Polyblastidium hypoleucum, the cupped fringe lichen, is a widely distributed species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. The species...

Zhurbenkoa is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Malmideaceae. It comprises three species. Zhurbenkoa fungi grow on the thalli...

economically as well as a reserve for mature trees, woodland flowers, fungi and lichens, wildflowers, animals such as deer, foxes, badgers and occasionally the...

automobile that was manufactured from 1957 to 1959 Atla (lichen), a genus of crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae ATLA: All This Life Allows,...

often climb up trees and feed on lichens. It selectively grazes on calcareous-rock lichens, particularly the crustose lichen species Verrucaria nigrescens...

thallus may break away when the lichen dries or due to mechanical disturbances (see the section on reproduction in lichens). Fragmentation is a very common...

grazing lands on the east side of the Hardangervidda, where they graze on lichen, to their breeding grounds in the more fertile west of the plateau. On 26...

and lichenologist, sometimes referred to as the "Dean of North American Lichens". When he was eight years old, Thomson moved with his family to the U.S...

Pleopsidium flavum (gold cobblestone lichen) is a distinctively colored, bright lemon-yellow to chartreuse crustose lichen that grows in high elevations (montane...

Dunedin as a senior lecturer in chemistry. Murray began research with lichens in the 1950s, applying his knowledge and skills in plant secondary compounds...

Fluctua is a lichen genus in the family Caliciaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single crustose lichen species Fluctua megapotamica. The genus was...

of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2003 by lichenologist Ted Essingler to contain cetrarioid lichens previously...

Weber, the German entomologist. In botany, Weber was known for his work on lichens, algae, and bryophytes in addition to seed plants. The standard author...

South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The larvae feed on lichens and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. African Moths Archived October 6, 2013, at the...

Oeonistis entella, the lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1779. It is found in southern India, Myanmar...

acid   H2O   H2O     2   orsellinic acid The enzyme characterised from the lichen Lasallia pustulata hydrolyses lecanoric acid to its monomer, orsellinic...

Cisthene martini, or Martin's lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Carroll B. Knowlton in 1967. It is found in the US states...

polyketide first isolated in 1967 from the lichen Roccella portentosa and has since been extracted from various other lichen. It has exhibited moderate activity...

flecks of colour achieved through the use of natural dyes, including the lichen known as "crottle" (Parmelia saxatilis and Parmelia omphalodes), which gave...

podetium (plural: podetia) is the upright secondary thallus in Cladonia lichens. It is a hollow stalk extending from the primary thallus. Podetia can be...

Einar Du Rietz, who, along with his wife Greta, researched New Zealand lichen species. Celmisia durietzii is a low plant that grows a perennial stalked...

and orange-hued granite (the colour of which is actually produced by a lichen). The northern section of the bay is part of Mount William National Park;...

larvae feed on lichen and detritus, including dead leaves. They may also function as detritivores in ant nests. Adults often feed on lichens attached to...

from the original on April 13, 2021. Rudolph, E. D. (1965). "Antarctic Lichens and Vascular Plants: Their Significance". BioScience. 15 (4): 285–287....

genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The fungi are usually part of a crustose lichen. In this case, the lichen species is given...

Despite usually extreme aridity, some plants, in the form of bryophytes and lichens, can survive in Antarctic oases. The larger oases (with their respective...

structure bearing spines on cacti Areola (lichen), a round to polygonal part of a surface of a crustose lichen Areola (entomology), a small ring of color...

Candelariaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales. It contains seven genera and about 73 species of lichens that are typically characterised...

acquisition of the lichen-centric herbaria of Julien Harmand and Johan Havaas. He served as the Hugo L. Blomquist Professor. In 2010, the lichen collection was...

bullata, commonly known as cracked lichen, is a species of lichen in the Acarosporaceae family. The British Lichen Society wrote in 2010 that Acarospora...

Lathagrium fuscovirens, the crumpled rock jelly, is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Collemataceae. It forms dark olive-green to blackish...

from April to June and again from July to September. The larvae feed on lichen. Larvae are found in late summer. The species overwinters in the larval...

lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus belonging to the family Lecanoraceae. It is a lichenicolous fungus, meaning that it grows on other lichens, but it does...

Xanthoria is known as "golden lichen" or "bronze moss", while Parmelia saxatilis is referred to as "grey lichen" or "silvery lichen". In villages such as Wormhill...

first found in and important in the symbiosis underlying the biology of lichens. It is a simple methyl ester derivative of its parent compound, pulvinic...

jelly lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Collemataceae. Formerly known as Collema conglomeratum, it was renamed in 2013. This lichen has...

Enchylium tenax is a species of lichen known by the common names jelly lichen, black lichen, and desert lichen. It occurs in Arctic and temperate regions...

key differences distinguish Wegea from Tylophorella: the absence of lichenization, the presence of distinctive pigmentation, shorter-stalked fruiting...

absent orgasm. Clitoral adhesions are common among female patients with lichen sclerosus, but also occur among the general population. The prevalence of...

Buellia frigida is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It was first described from samples collected from...

starburst, a type of coral. Imshaugia, or starbust lichens. Imshaugia placorodia, or the American starbust lichen. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Starburst...

Gyalolechia bracteata, the sulfur lichen, is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is part of the biological...

stimulated his interest in lichens. After returning to Australia, he set up a herbarium in his home in West Moonah, and added many lichens to his collections...

pedicellatum is a medium-sized, foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae, commonly called the boreal felt lichen. It grows on trees in damp boreal forests...

that feed primarily on herbaceous plants and shrubs as well as sedges, lichens, and grasses found between the rocks on high peaks. They are active during...

works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today. Fries was born at Femsjö...

thin air. This primate's diet is mainly made up of the large amounts of lichens available in their region. Male and female black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys...

National Mutual Insurance Company. In 1887 he began collecting mosses and lichens, sending them to several European bryologists including Antonio Jatta in...

Catenarina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae consisting of three species. These crustose lichens are characterized by their...

various types of trees and woodlands. The top expanse has grasslands with lichen-covered rocks. The winter/spring rains recharge the vernal pools and create...

Cladonia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. Cladonia species are of economic...

lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Opegraphaceae. This tiny black fungus lives harmlessly within the tissues of the common sunburst lichen (Xanthoria...

investigations of lichen species native to Silesia, he also examined specimens found in central and southeastern Europe as well as lichen collected from...

Ganarake scalaris is an extinct species of lichen-like enigma, possibly within the division Mucoromycota first informally described as enigmatic cap-carbonate...

that includes liverworts and mosses) and lichens. At least 62 species of bryophyte and 90 species of lichen have been recorded on the island. There are...

Polish. It is located in Konin County in Gmina Ślesin, near the town of Licheń Stary. It is a classic plostglacial ribbon lake with a strongly developed...

Convergence. These areas support tundra vegetation consisting of mosses, lichens, and algae, while seabirds, penguins, and seals feed in the surrounding...

Phoma candelariellae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Didymellaceae. It is found in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey...

coconut, scrub, ferns, and grass. A first focused survey of Mangaia's lichen flora, based on field work in 2024, recorded 66 species in 37 genera and...

Anomalographis is a genus of two species of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. These lichens form pale grey to yellow-brown crusts and are...

Trapeliopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. These lichens form thin, granular crusts or tiny overlapping scales (squamules)...

C25H28O8. It has been found in the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum and a variety of other lichens. It is a member of the depsidone class of compounds...

Pyrenodesmia variabilis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Characteristics of the species include its...

The first recorded landing in the area was made on 5 February 1955 on Lichen Island by a sledging party led by Phillip Law. Further aerial photography...

nomenclatural acts. According to a 2021 analysis of taxonomic innovations in lichen and allied fungi between 2018–2020, 97.7% of newly described taxa and 76...

herbivore and is diurnal. It feeds on grasses and other vegetation, twigs, lichens and mosses. Some populations make "haypiles" of dried grasses in their...

upon lichens. Richardson was awarded a doctorate from the University of Oxford for his thesis entitled Studies in the biology and physiology of lichens with...