Lieutenant of the Tower of London

The Lieutenant of the Tower of London serves directly under the Constable of the Tower. The office has been appointed at least since the 13th century. There were formerly many privileges, immunities and perquisites attached to the office. Like the Constable, the Lieutenant was usually appointed by letters patent, either for life or during the King's pleasure.^[1]

The Lieutenants had custody of many eminent prisoners of state, including Anne Boleyn, Sir Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey, Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I) and Sir Walter Raleigh. At least five of the Lieutenants, Sir Edward Warner,^[2] Sir Gervase Helwys,^[3] Isaac Penington,^[4] Colonel Robert Tichborne,^[5] and Sir Edward Hales,^[6] themselves later became prisoners in the Tower.

The earliest known Lieutenant was Giles de Oudenard at the beginning of the reign of Edward I, while Anthony Bek, later Bishop of Durham, was Constable. The next recorded Lieutenant was Ralph Bavant, who served during John de Crumwell's tenure as Constable.^[7]

• 1239: Giles de Oudenard
• 1327: Ralph Bavant ^[7]
• 1415: Sir Roger Aston ^[7]
• 1420:
• 1424: Sir Robert Scott ^[8]
• 1471: Richard Haute ^[9]
• 1485: Sir John Digby ^[7]

• Rutton, W. L. (25 January 1908). "Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London [part 1]". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (213): 61–63.
• Rutton, W. L. (29 February 1908). "Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London [part 2]". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (218): 161–163. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-IX.218.161.
• Rutton, W. L. (28 March 1908). "Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London [part 3]". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (222): 243–246.
• D. M. R. 2. (28 March 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (222): 246.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Beaven, Alfred B. (16 May 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (229): 390–391. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-IX.229.390g.
• Mason, C. (16 May 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (229): 391. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-IX.229.391a.
• Rutton, W. L. (20 June 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. IX (234): 490–491. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-IX.234.490c.
• Beaven, Alfred B. (25 July 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. X (239): 70–72. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-X.239.70d.
• Swynnerton, Charles (12 September 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. X (246): 213–214. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-X.246.213d.
• Rutton, W. L. (3 October 1908). "Replies: Constables and Lieutenants of the Tower of London". Notes and Queries. Ser. 10 Vol. X (249): 277. doi:10.1093/nq/s10-X.249.277d.
• Ashley, Roger (2004). "Brydges, Thomas (d. 1559)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3810. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Baker, J.H. (2004). "Cholmley, Sir Roger (c.1485–1565)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5342. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Baker, J.H. (2008). "Croke, Sir John (1553x6–1620)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6733. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Bayley, John (1825). The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London. Vol. II. London: T. Cadell. pp. 664–6. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
• Bellany, Alastair (2004). "Elwes, Sir Gervase (bap. 1561, d. 1615)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12879. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Cameron, Alan (2004). "Markham, Sir John (b. before 1486, d. 1559)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37736. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Craig, John (2004). "Hopton, Sir Owen (c.1519–1595)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47136. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Croly, C.P. (2004). "Warner, Sir Edward (1511–1565)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28754. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Durston, Christopher (2004). "Barkstead, John (d. 1662)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1426. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Evans, Helen M.E. (2004). "Peyton, Sir John (1544–1630)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22080. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Fleming, Peter (2004). "Haute family (per. c.1350–1530)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52786. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Fleming, Peter (2008). "Scott family (per. c.1400–c.1525)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54537. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Furgol, Edward M. (2004). "Balfour, Sir William (d. 1660)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1198. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Gunn, S.J. (2004). "Lovell, Sir Thomas (c.1449–1524)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17065. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Haydon, Colin (2004). "Gooch, Sir Thomas, second baronet (1675–1754)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10941. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Hopkins, Paul (2004). "Hales, Sir Edward, third baronet and Jacobite first earl of Tenterden (1645–1695)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11910. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Hopper, Andrew J. (2004). "Conyers, Sir John (c.1587–1664)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66579. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Hutton, Ronald (2004). "Byron, John, first Baron Byron (1598/9–1652)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4281. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Knafla, Louis A. (2004). "More, Sir George (1553–1632)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19177. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• LaCombe, Michael A. (2004). "Warner, Sir Thomas (c.1580–1649)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28768. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Leedham-Green, Elisabeth (2004). "Lawrence, Giles (1522–1584/5)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16177. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Lindley, Keith (2004). "Penington, Isaac (c.1584–1661)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21840. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Lindley, Keith (2004). "Tichborne, Robert, appointed Lord Tichburne under the protectorate (1610/11–1682)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27430. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Lindley, Keith (2004). "West, Francis (d. 1652)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29081. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Lowe, J. Andreas (2004). "Drury, Sir Dru (1531/2–1617)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8092. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Lyons, Mary Ann (2004). "Skeffington, Sir William (d. 1535)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25659. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Skeffington, William" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• Morgan, Basil (2004). "Lunsford, Sir Thomas (b. c.1610, d. in or before 1656)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17197. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Narasingha, P. Sil (2004). "Jobson, Sir Francis (b. in or before 1509, d. 1573)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14825. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Norris, M.M. (2004). "Brydges, John, first Baron Chandos (1492–1557)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3807. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Peacey, J.T. (2004). "Morley, Harbert (bap. 1616, d. 1667)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19287. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. p. 597. ISBN 9781461045137. Retrieved 18 June 2013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Robison, William B. (2008). "Cawarden, Sir Thomas (c.1514–1559)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37270. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Robison, William B. (2004). "Walsingham, Sir Edmund (b. in or before 1480, d. 1550)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28622. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Round, J.H. (2004). "Apsley, Sir Allen (1566/7–1630)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/599. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Seaward, Paul (2004). "Robinson, Sir John, first baronet (bap. 1615, d. 1680)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37904. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Snell, Elizabeth Churchill (2004). "Churchill, Charles (1656–1714)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5396. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Strachan, Michael (2004). "Roe, Sir Thomas (1581–1644)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23943. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Weikel, Ann (2004). "Bedingfeld, Sir Henry (1509x11–1583)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1936. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)