List of Japanese hell ships
This list of Japanese hell ships encompasses those vessels used for transporting Allied prisoners of war during the Pacific War .
Select list
The names of the Japanese hell ships used during World War II includes some variants which are different names referring to the same ship.
Aikoku Maru Aki Maru (Japanese Kyūjitai : 安藝丸, Shinjitai : 安芸丸)[ 1] Akikase Akitzuki [ 2] Amagi Maru [ 3] Anami Maru Aramis (aka Teia Maru )Argentina Maru [ 4] Arisan Maru USS Shark or USS Snook 24 October 1944.[ 5] [ 6] Asaka Maru Hakusan Maru Asaka Maru was old and built in Glasgow. [citation needed Asama Maru USS Atule 1 November 1944. No POWs aboard.[ a] Awa Maru [ a] USS Queenfish 1 April 1945. No POWs aboard.Benjo Maru Brazil Maru [ b] Burong Buyo Maru Celebes Maru [ 7] Chichibu Maru USS Gudgeon 28 April 1943. No POWs aboard.Cho Saki Maru Chuka Maru [ b] Chuyo USS Sailfish 4 December 1943. 20 of the 21 POWs aboard died.Clyde Maru [ 8] Coral Maru Dai Moji Maru [ 9] Dai Nichi Maru [ 10] Daikeku Maru Dainichi Maru England Maru Enoshima Maru Enoura Maru [ 11] Enuri Maru Erie Maru France Maru [ 12] Fuji Maru [ b] Fukkai Maru Fuku Maru Fukuji Maru Fukuju Maru Hakuroku Maru Hakusan Maru USS Flier 4 June 1944. No POWs aboard.Hakushika Maru Haru Maru Harugiku Maru (治菊丸, formerly Van Waerwijck [ 13] HMS Truculent 26 June 1944, 180 of 720 POWs and 27 of 55 Japanese troops killed.Haruyasa Maru Hawaii Maru Hawai Maru )[ 14] Heiyo Maru Hioki Maru Hiyoki Maru Hofuku Maru Hokko Maru Hokusen Maru Hozan Maru [ 15] Ikoma Maru USS Seahorse . 418 of 611 Indian POWs aboard were killed.Ikuta Maru Imabari Maru (formerly De Klerk Interisland Steamer Junyō Maru Kachidoki Maru Pampanito Kibitsu Maru and taken on to JapanKaishun Maru Kaiun Maru Kakko Maru Kalgan Maru Kamakura Maru USS Gudgeon on 28 April 1943. No POWs aboard.Kenkon Maru Kenwa Maru Kenzan Maru Kiaota Maru Kibitzu Maru Kohho Maru Kokusei Maru Konosue Maru Koryu Maru Kōshū Maru USS Ray on 4 August 1944. 1,239 out of 1,513 POWs, most of them Javanese labourers, died.[ b] Kunishima Maru Kurimata Maru Kyokko Maru [ 16] Kyokusei Maru Lima Maru [ a] Lisbon Maru Risubon Maru )[ a] Grouper Maebashi Maru Maebashi Maru )Makassar Maru Maros Maru Maru Go Maru Hachi Maru Ichi Maru Ni Maru No. 760 Maru Roku Maru San Maru Shi Maru Shichi Mati Mati Maru Matsu Maru Matti Matti Maru Maya Maru Mayebassi Maru Melbourne Maru [ b] Mishima Maru Miyo Maru Moji Maru Montevideo Maru Montebideo Maru ) – sunk by Sturgeon Nagara Maru [ 17] Nagata Maru Nagato Maru Nanshin Maru Naruto Maru Natoru Maru Nichimei Maru Nishi Maru Nissyo Maru Nitikoku Maru Nitimei Maru Nitta Maru [ a] Yoshida Maru No. 1 [ a] No. 2 Hikawa Maru [ a] No. 6 Kotobuki Maru No. 7 Hoshi Maru No. 17 Nanshin Maru Noto Maru [ 18] Oite Oryoki Maru Oryokko Maru Oryoku Maru [ 6] OSK Ferry Otaro Maru Oyo Maru Pacific Maru [ 19] Panama Maru Raihei Maru Rakuyō Maru USS Sealion on 12 September 1944. Of 1,317 POWs, 1,159 POWs perished. 63 were rescued four days later by the submarines that sank the convoy she was inRashin Maru Rendsberg Rio de Janeiro Maru Roko Maru [ b] Rokyo Maru [ b] Ryūkyū Maru [ b] Samurusan Maru San Diego Maru Sandakan Steamer Sanko Maru Seikyo Maru Sekiho Maru Canadian Inventor )Shinsei Maru SS Shinyō Maru – sunk on 7 September 1944 by USS Paddle . 668 out of 750 American POWs aboard were killed.[ 6] Shinyu Maru HNLMS O 23 Shoun Maru Sibijac Singapore Maru Singoto Maru Soong Cheong Subuk Suez Maru USS Bonefish . All 550 British, Dutch, Irish and New Zealand FEPOWs died. Some 300 died in the initial explosion from the two torpedo impacts and the ship's boiler exploding, both in the vicinity of these casualties in the rearmost Hold 4, or drowned on the sinking of the ship or were later shot after some 7-8 hours struggling in the sea. They were NOT trying to escape. The Japanese aboard the escort minesweeper set up twenty riflemen and two machineguns and deliberately massacred the c.250 PoW survivors in the water. The massacre was the subject of a detailed war crime investigation (National Archives of Australia NAA/MP-742) and the subject of two books (Jones, A 2002, The Suez maru Atrocity) and (Frith, J 2020, Unwritten Letters to Spring Street).Sugi Maru Suzuya Maru Hokkai Maru No. 1 also colloquially known as No. 107 or Otaru , Otari , or Otaro Maru )[ 20] [ 21] Tachibana Maru Taga Maru [ 22] Taian Maru Taiko Maru Taikoku Maru Taka Maru Tamahoko Maru USS Tang . 560 of the 772 Australian, British, American and Dutch prisoners were killed.Tango Maru Rendsburg , formerly Toendjoek ) – sunk on 25 February 1944 by USS Rasher . Some 300 allied POWs were amongst the 3,000 killed.Tanjong Penang Tateishi Maru No. 86 [ 23] Tatsuta Maru [ a] Tattori Maru Tatu Maru Teia Maru Teiryu Maru Northwestern Miller , formerly Augsberg ), colloquially known as No. 824 [ 23] Tenno Maru , formerly Op Ten Noort Hikawa Maru No. 2 Tenshin Maru Thames Maru [ 24] Tiensen Tofuku Maru Tojuku Maru Toka Maru Toko Maru Tomohoku Maru Toro Maru Tottori Maru Toyama Maru Toyofuku Maru Toyohashi Maru Tufuku Maru Ube Maru Ume Maru Umeda Maru Un'yō Uruppu Maru Ussuri Maru Usu Maru Wales Maru [ 25] Weills Maru Winchester Maru Yamagata Maru [ 26] Yashu Maru Yinagata Maru Yone Maru Yoshida Maru [ a] USS Flasher .Yubi Maru Yuzan Maru [ 27]
See also
Notes
Sources
References
^ Michno, Gregory. (2001). Death on the Hellships: Prisoners at Sea in the Pacific War, p. 93; n.b., Aki Maru (11,409 GT).
^ Michno, p. 207; n.b., the destroyer Akitsuki carried POWs, sunk in Battle of Leyte Gulf off Cape Engaño .
^ Michno, p. 93; n.b., Amagi Maru (3,165 GT), former NYK Line ship
^ Aikoku Maru (1940) ^ https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/united-states-submarine-losses/shark-2-ss-314.html . Retrieved 27 September 2022^ a b c WestPoint.org website : POW Registers website ^ POWs of the Japanese website : Celebes Maru ^ POWs of the Japanese website: Clyde Maru
^ Crager, Kelly E. (2008). Hell Under the Rising Sun: Texan POWs and the Building of the Burma – Thailand Death Railway, p. 73.
^ Crager, p. 57.
^ Taiwan POW Camps Memorial Society : The Story of the Enoura Maru and the Men Who Died Archived 2009-06-24 at the Wayback Machine ^ POWs of the Japanese website: France Maru
^ Hovinga, Henk (1982) Eindstation Pakan Baroe 1944–1945. Dodenspoorweg door het oerwoud , p. 23
^ POWs of the Japanese website: Hawaii Maru
^ Roscoe, Theodore et al. (1949). United States submarine operations in World War II, p. 548Hozan Maru (2,345 GT) sunk November 23, 1944 by USS Redfish at 24-26N, 122-46E.
^ POWs of the Japanese website: Kyokko Maru
^ POWs of the Japanese website: Nagara Maru
^ BataanSurvivor.com : Noto Maru ^ POWs of the Japanese website: Pacific Maru
^ Erickson, James W. (2009). "Suzuya Maru 鈴谷丸" . POWs of the Japanese . Archived from the original on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2020-02-23 . ^ Lettens, Jan (June 8, 2011). "Suzuya Maru (+1943)" . wrecksite.eu . ^ Parkinson, James et al. (2006). Soldier Slaves: Abandoned by the White House, Courts, and Congress, p. 153.
^ a b "Alias Ship Names" . west-point.org . Retrieved 30 April 2021 .^ POWs of the Japanese website: Thames Maru
^ Roscoe, p. 542 ; n.b., Wales Maru (6,586 GT) sunk May 24, 1944 by USS Lapon at 7-16N, 109-044E.
^ Roscoe, p. 548 ; n.b., Yamagata Maru (4,621 GT) sunk April 16, 1944 by USS Redfin at 7-04N, 123-27E.
^ POWs of the Japanese website: Yuzan Maru
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