This is a list of National Historic Sites (French: Lieux historiques nationaux) in the province of New Brunswick. There are 63 National Historic Sites designated in New Brunswick, as of 2018, eight of which are administered by Parks Canada (identified below by the beaver icon ).[1][2] The first National Historic Sites to be designated in New Brunswick were Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland and Fort Gaspareaux in 1920. However, the first historical property in the national park system was Fort Howe National Park in Saint John, created in 1914.
Numerous National Historic Events also occurred across New Brunswick, and are identified at places associated with them, using the same style of federal plaque which marks National Historic Sites. Several National Historic Persons are commemorated throughout the province in the same way. The markers do not indicate which designation—a Site, Event, or Person—a subject has been given.
This list uses names designated by the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board, which may differ from other names for these sites.
Symbolic of upper-middle class urban housing in Saint John during the mid-19th century; features a variety of decorative trompe-l'œil wall and ceiling murals
A 24-hectare (59-acre) site featuring the remains of an early 19th-century shipyard typical of a New Brunswick one in its time; an undisturbed cultural landscape combining national and archaeological features associated with 19th-century shipbuilding in eastern Canada
A martello tower located across the harbour from downtown Saint John, built to protect the city from an American land attack during the War of 1812; representative of the type of coastal defence used by the British during the Napoleonic era
A simple wood-frame courthouse with a pedimentedportico; the best preserved example in New Brunswick of the typical mid-19th century Maritime courthouse
A cathedral whose spire is a landmark in the historic centre of Fredericton; one of the best examples of ecclesiological Gothic Revival architecture in Canada, and one which established an architectural pattern followed in the design of many churches in 19th-century Canada
A Greek Revival wooden mansion distinguished by a double-height columned verandah; in the early 19th century, large homes inspired by classical temples were common in the United States, but comparatively rare in Canada
Archaeological remains of a 17th-century French trading post; became a common resort for French fishermen, fur traders and missionaries, and a trading point between them and the Micmac Indians; the Jesuits operated a mission for the inhabitants living there
A star-shaped fort that defended French interests in the Chignecto isthmus; after its capture by the British in 1755, the fort repulsed an attack by American revolutionary sympathizers in 1776, which contributed to keeping Nova Scotia in the British Empire
The site of a succession of military forts between 1645 and 1775 due to its strategic position on the western edge of the city's harbour and overlooking the Saint John River; today the site is marked by a cairn and a boulder
The partial reconstruction of a fort that guarded Saint John from the American Revolutionary War through to the War of 1812; the fort's designation as a National Historic Park in 1914 marked the beginning of Canada's emerging system of National Historic Sites. Fort Howe was in the national park system from 1914 to 1930, when it was given to the city. It was later designated a National Historic Site in 1966 outside the park system.
A cairn marking the approximate site of a fortified Maliseet stronghold, and then a small French fort, at the confluence of the Nerepis River and Saint John River; the remains of the fortifications and their precise locations have never been found
An important grouping of British colonial-era military buildings, which has served as premises for both military and government institutions for over 200 years
A simple wood-frame meeting house that, as the only local place of worship at the time, was used by all denominations; a symbol of religious tolerance in the Maritimes
A church noteworthy for its role in the development of Presbyterianism in New Brunswick; an excellent example of the Palladian style in Canadian church architecture
An excellent example of New England–style Federal architecture, and representative of the houses built by prosperous United Empire Loyalists; one of the oldest residences in the city and a survivor of the Great Fire, the house was maintained by five generations of the same family until 1959
A four-storey, red-brick cotton mill building with a central tower; representative of the brick pier mills that were common in the Canadian textile industry
A former industrial community on the banks of the Nashwaak River; a rare surviving example of a 19th-century, single-industry company town with both its plant and company housing intact
A stone, Chateau-style railway station and hotel; associated with the period of the rapid growth of the Canadian Pacific Railway and a rare surviving example of a combined station and hotel
The principal settlement of the Maliseet in the 17th century, and an important fur trading centre; the construction of the Mactaquac Dam in 1968 flooded the site, and the cairn marking the site was moved to nearby Fort Meductic Road
The oldest remaining fire hall in Canada built to house hand-operated pumper fire engines; symbolic of the early phase in fire fighting in Canada when volunteer fire companies were the primary line of defence against fires in Victorian-era cities
Built as a symbol of the achievements and resilience of Acadians, embodies the final phase of the Acadian renaissance; recounts their history in decorative elements and is built combining styles of Art Deco, Gothic Revival and Romanesque
One of two major quarantine stations in Canada in the 19th century, established to protect the citizenry from contagious diseases carried by passengers and crews of in-coming ships
A railway station with stationmaster's quarters on the second storey; commemorates the development of railways in the Maritimes and is a good surviving example of a number two standard station designed by the European and North American Railway
A rare and notable surviving example of a 19th-century market building, illustrates the development of 19th-century market buildings in Canada; survived the Great Fire of 1877 due to its solid, fire-resistant design
A grid of sixty blocks comprising the original part of the present town; a fine example of a town in Canada that still reflects an 18th-century British colonial town plan
A wooden church that represents one of the best examples of an Anglican church in Canada that reflects the architectural traditions of James Gibbs and Christopher Wren
A Romanesque Revival building constructed for the local post office, customs offices and internal revenue offices, and having served as the town hall since 1965, it is a fine example of the small urban post offices designed by Thomas Fuller
A wooden, octagonal tower that was the first astronomical observatory in Canada; was equipped with the best instruments of its day, and helped determine the longitude of places in New Brunswick and correct errors in international boundaries
The earliest surviving New Brunswick court house constructed of brick; represents the beginning of a trend towards the widespread use of brick and stone in public buildings in the province; combination of use as a market and court house is unique among surviving Maritime public buildings
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