List of Sanskrit plays in English translation
Jones published the first English translation of any Sanskrit play (Śakuntalā ) in 1789. In 1827, Wilson published the first major survey of Sanskrit drama in English.
Of around 155 extant Sanskrit plays ,[ a] at least 46 distinct plays by at least 24 authors have been translated into English. William Jones published the first English translation of any Sanskrit play (Shakuntala ) in 1789. About 3 decades later, Horace Hayman Wilson published the first major English survey of Sanskrit drama, including 6 full translations (Mṛcchakatika , Vikramōrvaśīyam , Uttararamacarita , Malatimadhava , Mudrarakshasa , and Ratnavali ). These 7 plays — plus Nagananda , Mālavikāgnimitram , and Svapnavasavadattam (the text of which was not discovered until almost a century after Wilson's volumes) — remain the most-translated plays.
The period of Sanskrit dramas in India begins roughly with the composition of the Natya Shastra (c. 200 BCE – 200 CE) — though this treatise evidences a mature theatrical practice already in existence. Literarily, the period dwindles around the composition of the Natya Shatra's influential abridgment: Dasharupakam (late 10th century CE) — though derivative works continued to be written. "Sanskrit drama" typically contains a mix of Sanskrit and Prakrit though, for example, Bhāsa 's Dūtavākya contains no Prakrit, and Rajashekhara 's Karpuramanjari is written entirely in Prakrit.
List of translations
Key
Published as — The titles of the English translations, with links to their full bibliographic entries.
Year — The year of the translation's first publication . However, revised editions are frequently cited in the bibliography.
Fragmentary passages are not considered here, nor are modern dramas written in Sanskrit.
Table
Author
Sanskrit Title
Acts
Published as
Translator
Year
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Sacontalá; or, The Fatal Ring
William Jones
1789
Krsna Misra
Prabodhacandrodaya
6
The Moon of Intellect
J. Taylor
1812
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijnana Sakuntalam
Nabin Chandra Vidyaratna
1822
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Toy Cart
Horace Hayman Wilson
1827
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikrama and Urvasi
Horace Hayman Wilson
1827
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
The Latter History of Rama
Horace Hayman Wilson
1827
Bhavabhūti
Malatimadhava
10
Malati and Madhava
Horace Hayman Wilson
1827
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
The Signet of the Minister
Horace Hayman Wilson
1827
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
The Necklace
Horace Hayman Wilson
1827
Subhata
Mahanataka
9
The Dramatic History of King Rama
Maharaja Kalikrishna Bahadur
1840
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvaśí
E. B. Cowell
1851
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Śakoontalá; or, The Lost Ring
Monier Monier-Williams
1855
Bhavabhūti
Mahaviracharita
7
Adventures of the Great Hero Rama
John Pickford
1871
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Uttara Ráma Charita
Charles Henry Tawney
1871
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Joy of the Snake-world
Palmer Boyd
1872
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavika and Agnimitra
Charles Henry Tawney
1875
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mālavikāgnimitra
Gopal Raghunatha Nandargikar
1879
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
The Binding of the Braid
Sourindra Mohun Tagore
1880
Rajashekhara
Viddhasalabhanjika
4
Viddhasâlabhanjikâ
Kesava Ravaji Godabole
1886
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nagananda
Anonymous
1887
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Uttararama Charita
Krishna Kamal Bhattacharya
1891
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Shakuntala; or, The Recovered Ring
August Hjalmar Edgren
1894
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavikagnimitra
S. Seshadri Ayyar
1896
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mâlavikâgnimitram
V. S. Apte
1897
Bāṇabhaṭṭa
Parvati Parinaya
5
Parvati Parinaya
G. R. Ratnam Aiyar
1898
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijnānaśākuntalam
M. R. Kāle
1898
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
The Vikramorvasiya
M. R. Kāle
1898
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvasíyam
Kesava Balakrishna Paranjpe
1898
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
The Signet Ring
K. H. Dhruva
1900
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Mudrarakshasa
M. R. Kāle
1900
Rajashekhara
Karpuramanjari
4
Karpūra-mañjarī
Charles Rockwell Lanman
1901
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
Srīsachandra Chakravartī
1902
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
Bidhubhusan Goswami?
1902
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Sakuntala
J. G. Jennings
1902
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
The Abhijnânaŝakuntala
Paraṣurāma Nārāyana Patankar
1902
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Sakuntala
R. Vasudeva Row
1903
Harihara
Bhartrharinirveda
5
Bhartrharinirveda
Louis H. Gray
1904
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Little Clay Cart
Arthur W. Ryder
1905
Rajashekhara
Viddhasalabhanjika
4
Viddhaśālabhañjikā
Louis H. Gray
1906
Bhavabhūti
Malatimadhava
10
Mālatīmādhava
M. R. Kāle
1908
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
Priyadarsika
T. V. Srinivasachariar
1908
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijnana Sakuntalam
S. Ray & K. Ray
1908
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Venị̂samhâra
M. R. Kāle
1910
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Uttararamacharita
M. R. Kāle
1911
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Joy of the World of Serpents
B. Hale Worthham
1911
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvasie
Aurobindo Ghosh
1911
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Shakuntala
Arthur W. Ryder
1912
Subhata
Dūtāṅgada
1
Dūtāṅgada
Louis H. Gray
1912
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvaśî
Śrî Ānanda Āchārya
1914
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Rama's Later History
Shripad Krishna Belvalkar
1915
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavika
Arthur W. Ryder
1915
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Sakuntala and her Keepsake
Roby Datta
1915
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Mudrarakshasa
Shastri & Abhyanker
1916
Vedanta Desika
Sankalpa-suryodayam
10
The Dawn of the Divine Will
Narayanacharya & Iyengar
1917
Umāpati Upādhyāya
Parijataharana
1
Pārijāta-Harana
George Grierson
1917
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
The Dream Queen
Shirreff & Lall
1918
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Mudra-Rakshasam
S. Ray & K. Ray
1918
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nagananda
M. R. Kāle
1919
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nâgânanda
R. D. Karmarkar
1919
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nāgānanda
Nerurkar & Joshi
1919
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
S. Ray & K. Ray
1919
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Mudra-rakshasa
S. C. Chakravarti
1919
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Svapnavasavadattam
Jain & Shastri
1920
Bhāsa
Pancaratram
3
Pancaratram
Waman Gopal Urdhwareshe
1920
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Sakuntala
Laurence Binyon
1920
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
The Abhijñāna-Sākuntala
A. B. Gajendragadkar
1920
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvaśîya
R. D. Karmarkar
1920
Bhāsa
Madhyamavyayoga
1
The Madhyama Vyayoga
Ernest Paxton Janvier
1921
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
M. R. Kāle
1921
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Veṇīsaṃhāra
K. N. Dravid
1922
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Venisamhara
A. B. Gajendragadkar
1922
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Vāsavadattā
V. S. Sukthankar
1923
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
Priyadarśikā
Nariman, Jackson & Ogden
1923
Bhāsa
Avimaraka
6
Avimaraka [part 1] , [part 2] , [part 3]
K. Rama Pisharoti
1924
Bhāsa
Duta-Ghatotkacam
1
Duta Ghatotkaca
K. Rama Pisharoti
1924
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Uttaracharitam
S. Ray & K. Ray
1924
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
Mrichchhakatika
M. R. Kāle
1924
Umāpati Upādhyāya
Traivikramam
1
Traivikramam
K. Rama Pisharoti
1924
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
The Vision of Vāsadattā
Lakshman Sarup
1925
Bhāsa
Dutuvakyam
1
Envoy's Declaration
Dharmasila Jayaswal
1925
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
C. R. Devadhar
1925
Vararuchi
Ubhayābhisārika
1
Ubhayabhisarika
Sukumar Sen
1926
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
Pratimā
C. R. Devadhar
1927
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
Pratima Nataka
Shivaram Mahadeo Pranjape
1927
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
Pratimā nātakam
Kangle & Trivedi
1927
Sakthibhadran
Āścaryacūḍāmaṇi
7
The Wonderful Crest-jewel
C. Sankarama Sastri
1927
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
Priyadarsika
M. R. Kāle
1928
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
Priyadarśikā
N.G. Suru
1928
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Svapnavasavadatta
M. R. Kāle
1929
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Uttaramcharitam
C. N. Joshi
1929
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvasiya Nataka
Charu Deva Shastri
1929
Bhāsa
Abhisheka-natakam
6
Abhiṣekanāṭakaṃ
V. Venkatarama Shastri
1930
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
Pratimā
M. R. Kāle
1930
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mālavikāgnimitra
A. S. Krishna Rao
1930
Mahendravarman
Mattavilasa Prahasana
1
Matta-vilāsa
L. D. Barnett
1930
Bhāsa
Pratijnayaugandharayana
4
The Minister's Vows
Woolner & Sarup
1930
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
The Vision of Vasavadatta
Woolner & Sarup
1930
Bhāsa
Daridra-Carudattam
4
Carudatta in Poverty
Woolner & Sarup
1930
Bhāsa
Pancaratram
3
The Five Nights
Woolner & Sarup
1930
Bhāsa
Madhyamavyayoga
1
The Middle One
Woolner & Sarup
1930
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
The Statue Play
Woolner & Sarup
1930
Bhāsa
Dutuvakyam
1
The Embassy
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Bhāsa
Duta-Ghatotkacam
1
Potsherd as an Envoy
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Bhāsa
Karnabharam
1
Karna's Task
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Bhāsa
Urubhanga
1
The Broken Thighs
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Bhāsa
Avimaraka
6
Sheep-killer
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Bhāsa
Bala-caritam
5
The Adventures of the Boy Krishna
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Bhāsa
Abhisheka-natakam
6
The Consecration
Woolner & Sarup
1931
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijñāna-śākuntalam
Ramendra Mohan Bose
1931
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nāgānanda
Śaṅkararāma Śāstrī
1932
Diṇnāga
Kundamālā
6
Kundamālā
Bhanot & Vyas
1932
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavikāgnimitram
M. R. Kāle
1933
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mālavikāgnimitra
R. D. Karmarakar
1933
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malvikagnimitra
Shastri & Shastri
1933
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nâgânanda
P. V. Ramanujaswami
1934
Bhāsa
Abhisheka-natakam
6
Abhiśeka-Nāṭaka [part 1] , [part 2]
K. Rama Pisharoti
1935
Bhavabhūti
Malatimadhava
10
Mālatīmādhava
R. D. Karmarkar
1935
Bhavabhūti
Malatimadhava
10
Mālatīmādhavam
Devadhar & Suru
1935
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnāvalī
Śaṅkararāma Śāstrī
1935
Diṇnāga
Kundamālā
6
The Jasmine Garland
A. C. Woolner
1935
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Svapnavasuvadattam
S. K. Mitra
1936
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Swapna-vasavadattam
Satyendra Nath Sen
1937
Bhāsa
Urubhanga
1
Ūrubhaṅgam
Kailash Nath Bhatnagar
1937
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
Mrcchakatika
R. D. Karmarakar
1937
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Toy-cart of Clay
Vasudeva Gopala Paranjpe
1937
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Little Clay Cart
Revilo P. Oliver
1938
Bhāsa
Pratijnayaugandharayana
4
Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇam
C. R. Devadhar
1939
Bhāsa
Daridra-Carudattam
4
Charudattam
C. R. Devadhar
1939
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
Bhattacharya & Das
1939
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Little Clay Cart
Satyendra Kumar Basu
1939
Bhāsa
Pratijnayaugandharayana
4
Yaugandharayana's Vows
S. N. Simha
1940
Bhāsa
Urubhanga
1
Breaking of Thighs
C. R. Devadhar
1940
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Mudrārāksasa
R. D. Karmarakar
1940
Bhāsa
Pratijnayaugandharayana
4
Yaugandharayana's Vows
A. S. P. Ayyar
1941
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
The Vision of Vasavadatta
A. S. P. Ayyar
1941
Bhāsa
Karnabharam
1
Karna's Burden
B. V. Hariyappa
1941
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
Pratima-Natakam
S. Ray & K. Ray
1942
Bhāsa
Pancaratram
3
The Five Nights
Anonymous
1943
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Venisamhara
R. S. Venkatarama Sastri
1943
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Veṇīsaṃhāram
Śaṅkararāma Śāstrī
1943
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Svapnavāsavadattā
Gore & Mehendale
1944
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
The Signet Ring
Ranjit Sitaram Pandit
1944
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Shakuntala; or, The Lost Token
Bela Bose
1945
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikrama and Urvasi
Bela Bose
1945
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavika and Agnimitra
Bela Bose
1945
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Svapnavāsavadattam
C. R. Devadhar
1946
Harsha
Nagananda
5
The Delight of Serpents
Bela Bose
1948
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
The Good-looking
Bela Bose
1948
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
A Necklace of Pearls
Bela Bose
1948
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
Priyadarsika
P. V. Ramanujaswami
1948
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
The Vikramorvaśīyam
Athalye & Bhawe
1948
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Mudrārākṣasam
Devadhar & Bedekar
1948
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
Swapnavasavadattam
S. Ray & K. Ray
1949
Bhāsa
Pratima-natakam
7
The Statues Play
Anonymous
1950
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavikagnimiytra
Gaidhani, Mangrulkar & Parikh
1950
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Malavikagnimatra
Sane, Godbole & Uresekar
1950
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijnana-Sakuntalam
Śatāvadhāna Śrīnivāsācārya
1950
Anonymous
Kaumudi-Mahotsava
5
Kaumudī Mahotsava
S. R. Shastri
1952
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Veṇīsaṃhāram
R. R. Deshpande
1953
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Veni Samhara
6
Veṇīsaṃhāram
G. V. Devasthali
1953
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nāgānanda
M. A. Karandikar
1953
Harsha
Nagananda
5
Nāgānand
Toraskar & Deshpande
1953
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
Joshi & Watwe
1953
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Uttararāmacarita
R. D. Karmarkar
1954
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
R. N. Gaidhani
1955
Shudraka
Padmaprabhritaka
1
Padmaprābhṛtakam
J. R. A. Loman
1956
Bhāsa
Karnabharam
1
Karṇabhāram
C. R. Devadhar
1957
Bhāsa
Madhyamavyayoga
1
Madhyamavyāyoga
C. R. Devadhar
1957
Bhāsa
Duta-Ghatotkacam
1
Dūtaghaṭotkacam
C. R. Devadhar
1957
Bhāsa
Dutuvakyam
1
Dūtavākyam
C. R. Devadhar
1957
Bhāsa
Pancaratram
3
Pañcharātram
C. R. Devadhar
1957
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
C. R. Devadhar
1958
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvaśiyam
C. R. Devadhar
1958
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mālavikāgnimitram
C. R. Devadhar
1958
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Abhijn̄āna-Sakuntala
M. B. Emeneau
1962
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Shakuntala
P. Lal
1964
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Toy Cart
P. Lal
1964
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
The Signet Ring of Rakshasa
P. Lal
1964
Bhāsa
Svapnavasavadattam
6
The Dream of Vasavadatta
P. Lal
1964
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
The Later Story of Rama
P. Lal
1964
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
Ratnavali
P. Lal
1964
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Little Clay Cart
J. A. B. van Buitenen
1968
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
The Minister's Seal
J. A. B. van Buitenen
1968
Baudhāyana
Bhagavadajjukam
1
The Hermit and the Harlot
J. A. B. van Buitenen
1971
Śyāmilaka
Pādatāḍitaka
1
Pādatāḍitaka
Schokker & Worseley
1976
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Śakuntalā
Michael Coulson
1981
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Rākshasa's Ring
Michael Coulson
1981
Bhavabhūti
Malatimadhava
10
Mālati and Mādhava
Michael Coulson
1981
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
Śakuntalā and the Ring of Recollection
Barbara Stoler Miller
1984
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Urvasī Won By Valor
David Gitomer
1984
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mālavikā and Agnimitra
Edwin Gerow
1984
Bhāsa
Madhyamavyayoga
1
The Middle One
A. N. D. Haksar
1993
Bhāsa
Pancaratram
3
Five Nights
A. N. D. Haksar
1993
Bhāsa
Dutuvakyam
1
The Envoy
A. N. D. Haksar
1993
Bhāsa
Duta-Ghatotkacam
1
The Message
A. N. D. Haksar
1993
Bhāsa
Karnabharam
1
Karna's Burden
A. N. D. Haksar
1993
Bhāsa
Urubhanga
1
The Shattered Thigh
A. N. D. Haksar
1993
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mâlavikâgnimitram
Chandra Rajan
2002
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Vikramorvasíyam
Chandra Rajan
2002
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
The Recognition of Śakuntalā
Chandra Rajan
2002
Jayanta Bhatta
Āgamaḍambara
4
Much Ado About Religion
Csaba Dezső
2005
Vishakhadatta
Mudrarakshasa
7
Rākṣasa's Ring
Michael Coulson
2005
Harsha
Ratnavali
4
The Lady of the Jewel Necklace
Wendy Doniger
2006
Harsha
Priyadarśikā
4
The Lady who Shows her Love
Wendy Doniger
2006
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
The Recognition of Shakúntala
Somadeva Vasudeva
2006
Murāri
Anargharāghava
?
Rāma Beyond Price
Judit Törzsök
2006
Bhavabhūti
Uttararamacarita
7
Rama's Last Act
Sheldon I. Pollock
2007
Kālidāsa
Abhijñāna Śākuntalam
7
The Recognition of Śakuntalā
W. J. Johnson
2008
Harsha
Nagananda
5
How the Nāgas were Pleased
Andrew Skilton
2009
Bhāsa
Urubhanga
1
The Shattered Thighs
Andrew Skilton
2009
Kālidāsa
Mālavikāgnimitram
5
Mālavikā and Agnimitra
Balogh & Somogyi
2009
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
How Úrvashi was Won
Rao & Shulman
2009
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Little Clay Cart
Diwakar Acharya
2009
Krsna Misra
Prabodhacandrodaya
6
The Rise of Wisdom Moon
Matthew Kapstein
2009
Śyāmilaka
Pādatāḍitaka
1
The Kick
Dezső & Vasudeva
2009
Vararuchi
Ubhayābhisārika
1
The Mutual Elopement
Dezső & Vasudeva
2009
Shudraka
Padmaprabhritaka
1
The Lotus Gift
Dezső & Vasudeva
2009
Īśvaradatta
Dhūrtavitasaṃvāda
1
Rogue and Pimp Confer
Dezső & Vasudeva
2009
Shudraka
Mṛcchakatika
10
The Clay Toy-Cart
Padmini Rajappa
2018
Kālidāsa
Vikramōrvaśīyam
5
Quest for Urvashi
A. N. D. Haksar
2021
Notes and references
Notes
^ Schuyler listed 142 extant Sanskrit dramas; adding the 13 dramas discovered shortly thereafter and attributed to Bhāsa would bring the total to 155.
References
Bibliography
Translations
Anonymous
Bāṇabhaṭṭa
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Bhāsa (1940a). Ūrubhaṅgam (Breaking of Thighs): a Sanskrit one-act play . Poona Oriental Series. Vol. 72. Translated by Devadhar, C[hintamani] R[amachandra]. Pune: Oriental Book Agency. OCLC 214677185 .
Bhāsa (1940b). Yaugandharayana's Vows (a play in four acts) . Translated by Simha, S. N. Bangalore City: Sanskrit Literature Society. OCLC 69395822 .
Bhāsa (1941a). Two Plays Of Bhasa . Translated by Ayyar, A. S. P. Madras: Madras Law Journal Office.
Bhāsa (1941b). "Karna's Burden". In Narayanaswamy Naidu, B. V. (ed.). Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar Commemoration Volume . Translated by Hariyappa, H. L. Madras: Annamalai University. pp. 210– 225.
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Bhāsa (1946) [1925?]. Svapnavāsavadattam: a Sanskrit drama in six acts . Poona Oriental Series. Vol. 27. Translated by Devadhar, C[hintamani] R[amachandra] (4th ed.). Pune: Oriental Book Agency. OCLC 28794638 .
Bhāsa (1950). Bhasa's Pratima-Nataka: The Statues Play . Bangalore City: Samskrita Sahitya Sadana. OCLC 40886055 .
Bhāsa (1955) [1937]. Bhasa's Swapna-vasavadattam . Translated by Sen, Satyendra Nath (4th ed.). Calcutta: Chattopadhyaya Brothers.
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Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa
Bhavabhūti
Bhavabhūti (1871). Maha-vira-charita: The Adventures of the Great Hero Rama . Translated by Pickford, John. London: Trübner.
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Bhavabhūti (1891). An English Translation of Uttararama Charita . Translated by Bhattacharya, Krishna Kamal. Calcutta: Kedar Nath Bose. OCLC 4538216 .
Bhavabhūti (1911). Uttararamacharita . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra). Bombay: Gopal Narayan & Co.
Bhavabhūti (1915). Rama's Later History; or, Uttara-Drama Charita; An Ancient Hindu Drama . Harvard Oriental Series . Vol. 21. Translated by Belvalkar, Shripad Krishna . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bhavabhūti (1935). Mālatīmādhavam . Translated by Devadhar, C[hintamani] R[amachandra]; Suru, N.G. Pune: C.R. Devadhar and N.G. Suru. OCLC 21790895 .
Bhavabhūti (1954). Uttararāmacarita of Bhavabhūti . Translated by Karmarkar, R. D. Pune: K.G. Sharangpani. OCLC 976504997 .
Bhavabhūti (1962) [1929]. Kane, P. V. (ed.). Uttaramcharitam Of Bhavabhuti . Translated by Joshi, C. N. (4th revised ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Bhavabhūti (1966) [1924]. Bhavabhuti's Uttaracharitam . Translated by Ray, Saradaranjan ; Ray, Kumudranjan (7th revised and enlarged ed.). Calcutta: S. Ray. OCLC 213442 .
Bhavabhūti (1967) [1908]. Bhavabhūti's Mālatīmādhava . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra) (3rd ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. OCLC 60189807 .
Bhavabhūti (2003) [1935]. Mālatīmādhava of Bhavabhūti . Translated by Karmarkar, R. D. (Reprint ed.). Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan. ISBN 9788170841807 . OCLC 55108066 .
Bhavabhūti (2007). Rama's Last Act . Translated by Pollock, Sheldon I. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-6733-7 .
Diṇnāga
Diṇnāga (1935). The Jasmine Garland . Translated by Woolner, A. C. London: Oxford University Press.
Diṇnāga (1937) [1932]. Shastri, Jagdish (ed.). Kundamālā Of Diṇnāga . Translated by Bhanot, Saran Dass; Vyas, Ved (2nd revised and enlarged ed.). Lahore: Oriental Booksellers.
Harihara
Harihara (1904). "The Bhartrharinirveda of Harihara, Now First Translated from the Sanskrit and Prākrit". Journal of the American Oriental Society . 25 . Translated by Gray, Louis H. : 197– 230. doi :10.2307/592562 . JSTOR 592562 .
Harsha
Harsha (1872). Nágánanda; or The Joy of the Snake-world . Translated by Boyd, Palmer. London: Trübner.
Harsha (1887). Nagananda . Translated by Anonymous. Calcutta: Nundo Lall Chatterjee. OCLC 771415301 .
Harsha (1902a). The Ratnavali of Sriharsha Deva . Translated by Goswami?, Bidhubhusan. Calcutta: Kedarnath Bose. OCLC 43285209 .
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Harsha (1908). Priyadarsika . Translated by Srinivasachariar, T. V. Madras: Oriental Press.
Harsha ; Somadeva (1911). The Buddhist Legend of Jîmûtavâhana [...] dramatized in the Nâgânanda (the Joy of the World of Serpents) . Translated by Wortham, B. Hale. London: Routledge.
Harsha (1919a). The Nagananda . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra). Bombay: Standard Publishing Co.
Harsha (1919b). Nāgānanda of Shri Harsha . Translated by Nerurkar, V. R.; Joshi, G. M. Bombay: Keshav Bhikaji Dhavale. OCLC 80577242 .
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Harsha (1935). Ratnāvalī: A Sanskrit Play by Śrī Harṣa Deva . Translated by Śāstrī, Śaṅkararāma. Madras: Sri Balamanorama Press. OCLC 249013628 .
Harsha (1939). Ratnavali of Emperor Shri Harsha . Translated by Bhattacharya, Ashokanath; Das, Maheshwar. Calcutta: Modern Book Agency.
Harsha (1947) [1932]. Nāgānanda of Harṣa Deva . Translated by Sastri, C. Sankarama. Mylapore: Sri Balamanorama. OCLC 41293314 .
Harsha (1948a). Priyadarsika . Translated by Ramanujaswami, P(aravastu) V(enkata). Madras: Ramaswamy Sastrul. OCLC 1016423874 .
Harsha (1948b). The Dramas of Shrí Harsha . Translated by Bose, Bela. Allahabad: Ketabistan. OCLC 458650526 .
Harsha (1950) [1934]. Sri Harsha's Nâgânanda . Translated by Ramanujaswami, P. V. Madras: Sastrulu. OCLC 642973977 .
Harsha (1953a). Ratnavali: A Sanskrit Drama . Translated by Joshi, V. K.; Watwe, G. M. Belgaum: Vasant Vihar. OCLC 1016423756 .
Harsha (1953b). The Nāgānanda Of Srīharṣa . Translated by Karandikar, M. A.; Karandikar, S. Bombay: New and Second Hand Book Stall.
Harsha (1953c). Nāgānand of Harshadev . Translated by Toraskar, Asha V.; Deshpande, N. A. Bombay: Bookseller's Publishing Co. OCLC 642986145 .
Harsha (1954) [1925]. Ratnavali of Sri Harsa . Translated by Devadhar, C(hintaman) R(amachandra); Suru, N. G. Pune: Poona Oriental Book House. OCLC 45694377 .
Harsha (1955). The Ratnavali of Sri Harsa-Deva . Translated by Gaidhani, R. N. Pune: A.A. Kulkarni. OCLC 613005226 .
Harsha (2006). The Lady of the Jewel Necklace; and, The Lady who Shows her Love . Translated by Doniger, Wendy . New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-1996-1 .
Jayanta Bhatta
Kālidāsa
Kālidāsa (1792) [1790]. Sacontalá; or, The Fatal Ring . Translated by Jones, William . London: Edwards.
Kālidāsa (1822). Kalidasa's Abhijnana Sakuntalam . Translated by Vidyaratna, Nabin Chandra. Calcutta: S. C. Bhattacharjya.
Kālidāsa (1851). Vikramorvaśí . Translated by Cowell, Edward Byles . Hertford: Stephen Austin.
Kālidāsa (1855). Śakoontalá; or, The Lost Ring: An Indian Drama . Translated by Williams, Monier . Hertford: Stephen Austin.
Kālidāsa (1879). Mālavikāgnimitra, a Sanskrit Drama . Translated by Nandargikar, Gopal Raghunatha. Pune: Shivaji Press. OCLC 48270466 .
Kālidāsa (1891) [1875]. The Malavikágnimitra . Translated by Tawney, C. H. (Second ed.). Calcutta: Thacker, Spink.
Kālidāsa (1894). Shakuntala; or, The Recovered Ring; a Hindoo Drama . Translated by Edgren, A Hjalmar . New York: Henry Holt.
Kālidāsa (1896). The Malavikagnimitra Of Kalidasa . Translated by Ayyar, S. Seshadri. Pune: Dyan Prakash Press.
Kālidāsa (1897). The Mâlavikâgnimitram . Translated by Apte, V. S. Pune: Vrttaprasaraka Press. OCLC 560413242 .
Kālidāsa (1898). Vikramorvasíyam . Translated by Paranjpe, Kesava Balakrishna. Bombay: Native Opinion Press. OCLC 560418375 .
Kālidāsa (1902a). Sakuntala: A Play in Five Acts . Translated by Jennings, J. G. Allahabad: Indian Press.
Kālidāsa (1902b). The Abhijnânaŝakuntala, the Purer Devanagari Text . Translated by Patankar, Paraṣurāma Nārāyana. Pune: Shiralkar.
Kālidāsa (1903). Sakuntala . Translated by Row, R. Vasudeva. Madras. OCLC 43321460 .{{cite book }}
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Kālidāsa (1911). Vikramorvasie; or, The Hero and the Nymph . Translated by Ghosh, Aurobindo . Calcutta: R. Chatterjee. OCLC 560418487 .
Kālidāsa (1912). Translations of Shakuntala and Other Works . Translated by Ryder, Arthur W. London: J. M. Dent & Sons.
Kālidāsa (1914). Vikramorvaśî: an Indian drama . Translated by Āchārya, Śrî Ānanda. London: Francis Griffiths. OCLC 560418513 .
Kālidāsa (1915a) [1898]. The Vikramorvasiya . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra) (5th revised ed.). Bombay: The Oriental Publishing Company.
Kālidāsa (1915b). Malavika: A Five-Act Comedy of Kalidasa . Translated by Ryder, Arthur W. Berkeley: California University Press.
Kālidāsa (1915c). Sakuntala and her Keepsake . Translated by Datta, Roby . Calcutta: Das Gupta.
Kālidāsa (1920a). Sakuntala . Translated by Binyon, Laurence ; Das Gupta, Kedar Nath. London: Macmillan.
Kālidāsa (1920b). Vikramorvaśîya . Translated by Karmarkar, R. D. Pune: Chitra Shala Press. OCLC 49487553 .
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Kālidāsa (1948). The Vikramorvaśīyam . Translated by Athalye, S.B.; Bhawe, S.S. (2nd ed.). Bombay: Dhawale. OCLC 238833769 .
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Kālidāsa (1958). Works Of Kalidasa Vol. 1: Dramas . Translated by Devadhar, C. R. Delhi: Motilal Banardisass.
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Kālidāsa (1962). Abhijn̄āna-Sakuntala . Translated by Emeneau, M. B. Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 1068722 .
Kālidāsa (1969) [1898]. Abhijnānaśākuntalam . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra) (10th ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Kālidāsa (1984). Miller, Barbara Stoler (ed.). Theater of Memory: the plays of Kālidāsa . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231058384 .
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Kālidāsa (2006a). The Loom of Time: A selection of his plays and poems . Translated by Rajan, Chandra. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0140455212 .
Kālidāsa (2006b). The Recognition of Shakúntala . Translated by Vasudeva, Somadeva. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8815-8 .
Kālidāsa (2008). The Recognition of Śakuntalā: a play in seven acts . Translated by Johnson, W. J. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199540600 .
Kālidāsa (2009a). How Úrvashi was Won . Translated by Rao, Velcheru Narayana ; Shulman, David . New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-4111-5 .
Kālidāsa (2009b). Mālavikā and Agnimitra . Translated by Balogh, Dániel; Somogyi, Eszter. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-8702-1 .
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Krsna Misra
Mahendravarman
Murāri
Murāri (2006). Rāma Beyond Price . Translated by Törzsök, Judit. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814782958 .
Rajashekhara
Sakthibhadran
Sakthibhadran (1927). The Wonderful Crest-jewel . Translated by Sastri, C. Sankarama. Madras: Sri Balamanorama Press. OCLC 5717201 .
Subhata
Shudraka
Shudraka (1905). The Little Clay Cart (Mṛcchakaṭika) . Harvard Oriental Series . Vol. 9. Translated by Ryder, Arthur William . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
Shudraka (1937a). The Toy-cart of Clay . Translated by Paranjpe, Vasudeva Gopala. Pune: V.G. Paranjpe. OCLC 41294563 .
Shudraka (1937b). Mrcchakatika Of Śūdraka . Translated by Karmarkar, R. D. Pune: Aryabhushan Press.
Shudraka (1938). Mrcchakatikā: The Little Clay Cart: a drama in ten acts . Translated by Oliver, Revilo Pendelton . Urbana: University of Illinois Press. OCLC 6271087 .
Shudraka (1939). The Little Clay Cart: a play in ten acts by King Shudraka . University of Calcutta Publication. Vol. 79. Translated by Basu, Satyendra Kumar. Calcutta. OCLC 752790753 .{{cite book }}
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Shudraka (1956). The Padmaprābhṛtakam: an ancient bhāna assigned to Śūdraka . Translated by Loman, Johannes Reinoud Abraham. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij de Driehoek. OCLC 24889243 .
Shudraka (1962) [1924]. The Mrichchhakatika of Sudraka . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra) (New ed.). Bombay: Booksellers Publishing Co.
Shudraka (2009). The Little Clay Cart . Translated by Acharya, Diwakar . New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-0729-6 .
Shudraka (2018). The Clay Toy-Cart: Mrchchakatikam . Translated by Rajappa, Padmini. Haryana: India Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0143428473 . OCLC 1022945795 .
Śyāmilaka
Śyāmilaka (1976). Pādatāḍitaka of Śyāmilaka . Vol. 2: Translation. Translated by Schokker, G.H.; Worseley, P.J. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-9027704252 .
Umāpati Upādhyāya
Vararuchi
Vedanta Desika
Vishakhadatta
Vishakhadatta (1916a) [1900]. The Mudrarakshasa . Translated by Kāle, M(oreshvar) R(amchandra) (3rd revised ed.). Bombay: The Oriental Publishing Company.
Vishakhadatta (1916b). Mudrarakshasa . Translated by Shastri, Vasudeva Abhyankar; Abhyanker, Kashinath Vasudeva. Ahmedabad: Nandlal C. Bodiwala.
Vishakhadatta (1919). The Mudra-rakshasa: a Sanskrit drama . Translated by Chakravarti, Srish Chandra (2nd ed.). Mymensingh: Bhattacharyya & Son. OCLC 66019742 .
Vishakhadatta (1930) [1900]. Mudrarakshasa; or The Signet Ring . Translated by Dhruva, K(eśavalāla) H(arshadarāya) (3rd ed.). Pune: Oriental Book Agency.
Vishakhadatta (1940). Mudrārāksasa of Viśākhadatta . Translated by Karmarkar, R. D. Pune.{{cite book }}
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Vishakhadatta (1944). Mudrā-rākshasa; or, The Signet Ring, a play in seven acts . Translated by Pandit, Ranjit Sitaram . Bombay: New Book Co. OCLC 2782686 .
Vishakhadatta (1948). Mudrārākṣasam of Viśākha-Datta . Translated by Devadhar, C[hintamani] R[amachandra]; Bedekar, V. M. Bombay: Keshav Bhikaji Dhawale. OCLC 31173636 .
Vishakhadatta (1956) [1918]. Visakhadatta's Mudra-Rakshasam . Translated by Ray, Saradaranjan ; Ray, Kumudranjan (3rd revised and enlarged ed.). Calcutta: Nalanda Press. OCLC 642949557 .
Vishakhadatta (2005). Rākṣasa's Ring . Translated by Coulson, Michael. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-1661-8 .
Multiple authors
Buitenen, J. A. B. van (1968). Two Plays of Ancient India . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231030465 . OCLC 654476 .
Coulson, Michael (1981). Three Sanskrit Plays: Śakuntalā by Kālidása; Rākshasa's Ring by Viśākhadatta; Mālati and Mādhava by Bhavabhūti . Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0140443745 .
Dezső, Csaba; Vasudeva, Somadeva (2009). The Quartet of Causeries . New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-1978-7 .
Lal, P. (1964). Great Sanskrit Plays . New York: New Directions. ISBN 978-0811200790 .
Skilton, Andrew (2009). How the Nāgas were Pleased by Harsha; & The Shattered Thighs by Bhāsa . New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-4066-8 .
Wilson, Horace Hayman (1835a) [1827]. Select Specimens of the Theatre of the Hindus . Vol. I (Second ed.). London: Parbury, Allen.
Wilson, Horace Hayman (1835b) [1827]. Select Specimens of the Theatre of the Hindus . Vol. II (Second ed.). London: Parbury, Allen.
Other references