List of mammals of Taiwan

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Taiwan. There are 122 mammal species in Taiwan, of which five are endangered, eight are vulnerable and two are near threatened.^[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Suborder: Haplorhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
  - Parvorder: Catarrhini
    - Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
      - Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
        Genus: Macaca
        Formosan rock macaque, M. cyclopis VU

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
  - Subfamily: Sciurinae
    - Tribe: Pteromyini
      - Genus: Belomys
        Hairy-footed flying squirrel, Belomys pearsonii NT
      - Genus: Petaurista
        Red and white giant flying squirrel, Petaurista alborufus LC
        
        Indian giant flying squirrel, Petaurista philippensis LC
  - Subfamily: Callosciurinae
    - Genus: Callosciurus
      - Pallas's squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus LC
    - Genus: Dremomys
      - Perny's long-nosed squirrel, Dremomys pernyi LC
    - Genus: Tamiops
      - Maritime striped squirrel, Tamiops maritimus LC
- Family: Cricetidae
  - Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    - Genus: Eothenomys
      - Père David's vole, Eothenomys melanogaster LC
    - Genus: Volemys
      - Taiwan vole, Volemys kikuchii VU
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
  - Subfamily: Murinae
    - Genus: Apodemus
      - Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
      - Taiwan field mouse, Apodemus semotus NT
    - Genus: Bandicota
      - Greater bandicoot rat, Bandicota indica LC
    - Genus: Micromys
      - Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus NT
    - Genus: Mus
      - Ryukyu mouse, Mus caroli LC
    - Genus: Niviventer
      - Coxing's white-bellied rat, Niviventer coxingi NT
      - Oldfield white-bellied rat, Niviventer culturatus NT
    - Genus: Rattus
      - Lesser ricefield rat, Rattus losea LC
      - Tanezumi rat, Rattus tanezumi LC
      - Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus LC

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
  - Chinese hare, Lepus sinensis LC

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The soricomorphs are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
  - Genus: Crocidura
    - Asian gray shrew, Crocidura attenuata LC
    - Taiwanese gray shrew, Crocidura tanakae LC
    - Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii LC
    - Horsfield's shrew, Crocidura horsfieldii LC
    - Asian lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura shantungensis LC
  - Genus: Suncus
    - Asian house shrew, Suncus murinus LC
- Subfamily: Soricinae
  - Tribe: Anourosoricini
    - Genus: Anourosorex
      - Taiwanese mole shrew, Anourosorex yamashinai LC
  - Tribe: Nectogalini
    - Genus: Chimarrogale
      - Himalayan water shrew, Chimarrogale himalayica LC
    - Genus: Soriculus
      - Taiwanese brown-toothed shrew, Soriculus fumidus LC
Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
  - Tribe: Talpini
    - Genus: Mogera
      - Insular mole, Mogera insularis LC
      - Kano's mole, Mogera kanoana NE
      - Senkaku mole, Mogera uchidai VU

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
  - Genus: Pteropus
    - Ryukyu flying fox, Pteropus dasymallus EN
Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
  - Genus: Myotis
    - Large-footed bat, Myotis adversus LC
    - Fringed long-footed myotis, Myotis fimbriatus LC
    - Hodgson's bat, Myotis formosus LC
    - Fraternal myotis, Myotis frater
    - Long-toed myotis, Myotis secundus LC
    - Reddish myotis, Myotis soror DD
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
  - Genus: Eptesicus
    - Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC
    - Oriental serotine, Eptesicus pachyomus LC
  - Genus: Nyctalus
    - Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula LC
  - Genus: Plecotus
    - Taiwan big-eared bat, Plecotus taivanus VU
  - Genus: Scotophilus
    - Lesser Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus kuhlii LC
  - Genus: Thainycteris
    - Necklace pipistrelle, Thainycteris torquatus DD
  - Genus: Vespertilio
    - Asian parti-colored bat, Vespertilio superans LC
- Subfamily: Murininae
  - Genus: Harpiocephalus
    - Hairy-winged bat, Harpiocephalus harpia LC
  - Genus: Murina
    - Bicolored tube-nosed bat, Murina bicolor LC
    - Slender tube-nosed bat, Murina gracilis LC
    - Taiwan tube-nosed bat, Murina puta VU
    - Faint-colored tube-nosed bat, Murina recondita LC
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
  - Genus: Miniopterus
    - Schreibers' long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii LC
Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
  - European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis LC
Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
  - Genus: Rhinolophus
    - Formosan lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus monoceros NT
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
  - Genus: Coelops
    - East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, Coelops frithii LC
  - Genus: Hipposideros
    - Great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger LC

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Family: Manidae
- Genus: Manis
  - Chinese pangolin, M. pentadactyla CR

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
  - Genus: Eubalaena
    - North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica CR
- Family: Balaenopteridae
  - Subfamily: Megapterinae
    - Genus: Megaptera
      - Northern humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
  - Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    - Genus: Balaenoptera
      - Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Coastal Asia) EN
    - Northern sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis (Coastal Asia) CR
      - Eden's whale, Balaenoptera edeni (East China Sea) LC
      - Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
        Northern blue whale, B. m. musculus (Coastal Asia) CR
      - Omura's whale, Balaenoptera omurai DD
      - Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
        Northern fin whale, B. p. physalus (Coastal Asia) CR
Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
  - Family: Phocoenidae
    - Genus: Neophocaena (finless porpoise)
      - Finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides VU
  - Family: Ziphidae
    - Genus: Ziphius
      - Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
    - Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
      - Genus: Indopacetus
        Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus DD
      - Genus: Mesoplodon
        Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
        
        Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
  - Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
    - Genus: Sousa
      - Chinese white dolphin, Sousa chinensis DD
    - Genus: Tursiops
      - Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD
      - Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
    - Genus: Stenella
      - Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata DD
      - Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
      - Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD
    - Genus: Delphinus
      - Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD
      - Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
    - Genus: Lagenodelphis
      - Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei DD
    - Genus: Lagenorhynchus
      - Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens LC
    - Genus: Grampus
      - Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD ^[2]
    - Genus: Feresa
      - Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
    - Genus: Peponocephala
      - Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra LC
    - Genus: Pseudorca
      - False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LC
    - Genus: Globicephala
      - Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
    - Genus: Orcinus
      - Orca, Orcinus orca DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
  - Subfamily: Felinae
    - Genus: Prionailurus
      - Leopard cat, P. bengalensis LC
- Family: Viverridae (civets, genets etc.)
  - Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
    - Genus: Paguma
      - Masked palm civet, P. larvata LC
  - Subfamily: Viverrinae
    - Genus: Viverricula
      - Small Indian civet, V. indica LC
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
  - Genus: Urva
    - Crab-eating mongoose, U. urva LC
Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
  - Genus: Ursus
    - Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus VU
      - Formosan black bear, U. t. formosanus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
  - Genus: Aonyx
    - Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus VU
  - Genus: Lutra
    - European otter, L. lutra NT
  - Genus: Martes
    - Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula LC
  - Genus: Melogale
    - Formosan ferret-badger, M. subaurantiaca NE
  - Genus: Mustela
    - Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
    - Siberian weasel, M. sibirica LC

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
  - Genus: Sus
    - Wild boar, S. scrofa LC
Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
  - Genus: Cervus
    - Sika deer, C. nippon LC
      - Formosan sika deer, C. n. taiouanus
  - Genus: Rusa
    - Sambar deer, R. unicolor VU
- Subfamily: Muntiacinae
  - Genus: Muntiacus
    - Reeves's muntjac, M. reevesi LC
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Caprinae
  - Genus: Nemorhaedus
    - Taiwan serow, N. swinhoei LC

Extirpated

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

Dugong, Dugong dugon^[3]
Water deer, Hydropotes inermis^[4]
Formosan clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa^[5]

Notes

^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
^ "Taiwan's Treasure - Things to do - Whale Watching". Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
^ Marsh, H. & Sobtzick, S. (2019) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Dugong dugon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6909A160756767.
^ Yen-Jean Chen, Ke-Hung Liu, Whei-Lee Chu, 2017, New Record of Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis) from Iron Age Archeological Sites in Central Taiwan (pdf), Collection and Research (2017) 30, pp.23-31
^ Grassman, L.; Lynam, A.; Mohamad, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Borah, J.; Willcox, D.; Ghimirey, Y.; Reza, A. & Rahman, H. (2016). "Neofelis nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14519A97215090.

References

"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Taiwan". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007. ^{[dead link]}
"Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
"Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.