List of state leaders in the 15th-century Holy Roman Empire
This is a list of state leaders in the 15th century (1401–1500) AD, of the Holy Roman Empire.
Main
Holy Roman Empire in Germany
Austrian
- Henry VII, Count (1408–1441)
- Gregor Schenk of Osterwitz, Prince-archbishop (1396–1403)
- Eberhard III of Neuhaus, Prince-archbishop (1403–1427)
- Eberhard IV of Starhemberg, Prince-archbishop (1427–1429)
- John II of Reichensperg, Prince-archbishop (1429–1441)
- Frederick IV Truchseß of Emmerberg, Prince-archbishop (1441–1452)
- Sigismund I of Volkersdorf, Prince-archbishop (1452–1461)
- Burchard of Weissbruch, Prince-archbishop (1461–1466)
- Bernhard II of Rohr, Prince-archbishop (1466–1482)
- John III Peckenschlager, Prince-archbishop (1482–1489)
- Friedrich V of Schallenburg, Prince-archbishop (1489–1494)
- Sigismund II of Hollenegg, Prince-archbishop (1494–1495)
- Leonhard von Keutschach, Prince-archbishop (1495–1519)
- George I von Liechtenstein, Prince-bishop (1390–1419)
- Armand de Cilli, Prince-bishop (1421)
- Ernst Auer, Prince-bishop (1422)
- Henry IV Flechtel, Prince-bishop (1422–1423)
- Alexander of Masovia, Prince-bishop (1424–1444)
- Benedikt, Prince-bishop (1444–1446)
- Theobald von Wolkenstein, Prince-bishop (1444–1446)
- George II Haak von Themeswald, Prince-bishop (1446–1465)
- Johannes Hinderbach, Prince-bishop (1465–1486)
- Ulrich III von Frundsberg, Prince-bishop (1486–1493)
- Ulrich IV von Liechtenstein, Prince-bishop (1493–1505)
Bavarian
- Albert I, co-Duke of Bavaria (1347–1349), of Lower Bavaria (1349–1353), of Bavaria-Straubing (1353–1404)
- William II, co-Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (1404–1417)
- Stephen III the Magnificent, co-Duke of Bavaria except Straubing (1375–1392), Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1392–1413)
- Louis VII the Bearded, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1413–1443)
- Jacqueline, contested Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing (1417–1429)
- John III the Pitiless, contested Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (1417–1425)
- William III, co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1397–1435), of Bavaria-Straubing (1429–1435)
- Ernest, co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1397–1438), of Bavaria-Straubing (1429–1438)
- Louis VIII the Hunchback, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1443–1445)
- Henry XVI the Rich, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (1393–1450), of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1447–1450)
- Albert III, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1438–1460)
- John IV, co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1463)
- Sigismund, co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1467), Duke of Bavaria-Dachau (1467–1501)
- Louis IX the Rich, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (1450–1479)
- George I the Rich, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (1479–1503)
- Albert IV the Wise, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1465–1505), of Bavaria (1505–1508)
- William IV the Steadfast, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1508), of Bavaria-Landshut (1503–1508), of Bavaria (1508–1550)
- Gregorius Schenk von Osterwitz, Provost (1396–1403)
- Berthold von Wehingen, Provost (1404)
- Peter II Pienzenauer, Provost (1404–1432)
- Johann II Praun, Provost (1432–1446)
- Bernhard III Leuprechtinger, Provost (1446–1473)
- Erasmus Pretschlaiffer, Provost (1473–1486)
- Ulrich II Pernauer, Provost (1486–1496)
- Balthasar Hirschauer, Provost (1496–1508)
- Berthold of Wehingen, Prince-bishop (1381–1410)
- Conrad V of Hebenstreit, Prince-bishop (1411–1412)
- Hermann of Cilli, Prince-bishop (1412–1421)
- Nicodemus of Scala, Prince-bishop (1421/1422–1443)
- Henry II of Schlick, Prince-bishop (1443–1448)
- John III Grünwald, Prince-bishop (1448–1452)
- John IV Tulbeck, Prince-bishop (1453–1473)
- Sixtus of Tannberg, Prince-bishop (1473–1495)
- Ruprecht of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1495–1498)
- Philip of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1498–1541)
- Sophia von Daching, Abbess (1391–1410)
- Katharina I von Egloffstein, Abbess (1410–1413)
- Barbara I Höfferin, Abbess (1413–1417)
- Herzenleid von Wildenwarth, Abbess (1417–1422)
- Anna I von Streitberg, Abbess (1422–1427)
- Beatrix von Rotheneck, Abbess (1427)
- Osanna von Streitberg, Abbess (1427–1444)
- Ursula von Tauffkirchen-Hohenrain und Höchlenbach, Abbess (1444–1448)
- Ottilia von Abensberg, Abbess (1448–1475 mit)
- Margarethe III von Paulstorff, Abbess (1469–1475)
- Agnes von Rothafft, Abbess (1475–1520)
- Elisabeth II von Murach, Abbess (1400–1402)
- Margarethe I Sattelbogerin, Abbess (?–1435)
- Barbara von Absberg, Abbess (1435–1456)
- Kunigunde von Egloffstein, Abbess (1456–1479)
- Sibylla von Paulsdorff, Abbess (1479–1500)
- Agnes II von Paulsdorff, Abbess (1500–?)
- George I, Count (1395–1422), Imperial Count (1395–1422)
- Henry V, Count (1422–1449)
- Etzel I, Count (1395–1444), Imperial Count (1422–1444)
- Alram I, Count (1395–1411)
- Alram II, Count (1411–1460), Imperial Count (1444–1460)
- George II, Count (1449–1488), Imperial Count (1461–1488)
- Sebastian I, Imperial Count (1488–1490)
- Wolfgang, Count (1490–1519)
- Haupt I, Lord (1387–1409)
- Haupt II, co-Lord (1409–1439)
- Sigismund, co-Lord (1409–1436)
- Henry, Lord (1439–1482)
- William, Lord (1482–1508)
- Johann von Moosburg, Prince-bishop (1384–1409)
- Albert III von Stauf, Prince-bishop (1409–1421)
- Johann II von Streitberg, Prince-bishop (1421–1428)
- Konrad VII von Soest, Prince-bishop (1428–1437)
- Friedrich II von Parsberg, Prince-bishop (1437–1450)
- Friedrich III von Plankenfels, Prince-bishop (1450–1457)
- Rupert I, Prince-bishop (1457–1465)
- Heinrich IV von Absberg, Prince-bishop (1465–1492)
- Rupert II, Prince-bishop (1492–1507)
Bohemian
- Wenceslaus IV, King (1378–1419)
- Jobst of Moravia, Margrave (1375–1411)
- Sigismund, King (1419–1437), Margrave (1419–1423)
- Albert, King (1437–1439), Margrave (1423–1439)
- Ladislaus the Posthumous, King (1453–1457), Margrave (1440–1457)
- George of Poděbrady, King (1458–1471), Margrave (1458–1468)
- Matthias Corvinus, disputed King (1469–1490), Margrave (1468–1490)
- Vladislaus II, King (1471–1516), Margrave (1490–1516)
Burgundian-Low Countries
- For the preceding rulers, see the County of Artois under the List of state leaders in the 15th century
- Joanna, Duchess (1355–1406)
- Anthony, Duke of Brabant, Duke (1406–1415)
- John IV, Duke of Brabant, Duke (1415–1427)
- Philip I of Saint-Pol, Duke (1427–1430)
- Philip II the Good, Duke (1430–1467)
- Charles I the Bold, Duke (1467–1477)
- Mary, Duchess (1477–1482)
- Maximilian, Regent (1482–1494)
- Philip III, Duke (1494–1506)
-
- Albert I, Count (1388–1404)
- William VI, Count (1404–1417)
- Jacqueline, Countess (1417–1432)
- John III the Pitiless, Count (1417–1425)
- John IV, Count (1418–1427)
- Humphrey, Count (1422–1425)
- Francis, Lord of Borselen, Count (1432)
- Philip I the Good, Count (1432–1467)
- Charles I the Bold, Count (1467–1477)
- Mary I the Rich, Count (1477–1482)
- Maximilian, Regent (1482–1494)
- Philip II the Handsome, Count (1494–1506)
Franconian
- John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1398–1420)
- Frederick I, Elector (1415–1440), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1398–1440), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1420–1440)
- John VI the Alchemist, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1440–1457)
- Albrecht III Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1440–1486), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1457–1486), Elector (1471–1486)
- Siegmund, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486–1495)
- Frederick the Elder, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486–1536), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1495–1515)
- Albrecht von Wertheim, Prince-bishop (1399–1421)
- Friedrich III von Aufsess, Prince-bishop (1421–1431)
- Anton von Rotenhan, Prince-bishop (1431–1459)
- Georg I von Schaumberg, Prince-bishop (1459–1475)
- Philipp von Henneberg, Prince-bishop (1475–1487)
- Heinrich Groß von Trockau, Prince-bishop (1487–1501)
- Leonard, Count (1399–1426)
- William II, Count (1426–1479)
- Frederick IX, Count (1479–1498)
- John III, Count (1498–1500)
- George I, Count (1498–1528)
- Wolfgang I, Count (1498–1546)
- Kraft V, Count (1429–1472)
- Kraft VI, Count (1472–1503)
- Johann I von Egloffstein, Prince-bishop (1400–1411)
- Johann II von Brunn, Prince-bishop (1411–1440)
- Sigmund of Saxony, Prince-bishop (1440–1443)
- Gottfried I von Limpurg, Prince-bishop (1443–1455)
- Johann III von Grumbach, Prince-bishop (1455–1466)
- Rudolf II von Scherenberg, Prince-bishop (1466–1495)
- Lorenz von Bibra, Prince-bishop (1495–1519)
Electoral Rhenish
- Palatinate-Mosbach
- Palatinate-Neumarkt
- Palatinate-Simmern
- Palatinate-Zweibrücken
- Robert III the Righteous, Elector (1398–1410)
- Louis III the Bearded, Elector (1410–1436)
- Stephen I, Count Palatine of Simmern (1410–1459)
- John I, Count Palatine of Neumarkt (1410–1443)
- Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach (1410–1461)
- Louis IV the Meek, Elector (1436–1449)
- Christopher I, Count Palatine of Neumarkt (1443–1448)
- Frederick I the Victorious, Elector (1449–1476)
- Frederick I the Pious, Count Palatine of Simmern (1459–1480)
- Louis I the Black, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1459–1489)
- Otto II the Mathematician, Count Palatine of Mosbach (1461–1490)
- Philip I the Upright, Elector (1476–1508)
- John I, Count Palatine of Simmern (1480–1509)
- Kaspar, co-Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1489–1490)
- Alexander I the Lame, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1489–1514)
- Salentin IV, Count (1370–1420)
- Salentin V, Count (1420–1458)
- Gerlach I, Count (1458–1490)
- James, Count (1486–1503)
- Gerlach II, Count (1488–1502)
Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
- Bernard I, Count (1364–1421)
- Eberwin I, Count (1421–1454)
- Bernard II, Count (1454–1473)
- Eberwin II, Count (1473–1530)
- Otto, Count (1450–1508)
- Nicholas III, Count (1493–1508)
- Arnold I, Count (1454–1466)
- Eberwin II, Count (1466–1498)
- Arnold II, Count (1498–1544)
- Nicholas II, Count (1388–1426)
- Otto VII, Count (1426–1450)
- Nicholas III of Bentheim-Lingen, Count (1450–1493)
- Otto VIII, Count (1493–1526)
- Adolph I, Duke of Cleves (1394–1448), Count of Mark (1398–1448)
- Gerhard, Regent (1437–1461)
- John I, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1448–1481)
- John II the Pious, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1481–1521)
- Wilbrand von Hallermund [de], Prince-abbot (1398–1408)
- Dietrich III von Runst, Prince-abbot (1408–1417)
- Moritz von Spiegelberg [de], Prince-abbot (1417–1435)
- Arnold III von der Malsburg, Prince-abbot (1435–1463)
- Hermann II.von Stockhausen, Prince-abbot (1463–1479)
- Hermann III von Bömelberg, Prince-abbot (1479–1504)
- Margarete I, Princess-Abbess (1413–1426)
- Elisabeth IV Stecke von Beeck, Princess-Abbess (1426–1445)
- Sophia I von Daun-Oberstein, Princess-Abbess (1445–1447)
- Elisabeth V von Saffenberg, Princess-Abbess (1447–1459)
- Sophia II von Gleichen, Princess-Abbess (1459–1489)
- Meina von Daun-Oberstein, Princess-Abbess (1489–1521)
-
- William I, Duke (1379–1402)
- William II, Duke (1371–1377)
- Reginald IV, Duke (1402–1423)
- John II, Regent (1423–1436)
- Arnold, Duke (1423–1465, 1471–1473)
- Adolf, Duke (1465–1471)
- Charles I, Duke (1473–1477)
- Mary, Duchess (1477–1482)
- Maximillian I, Duke (1477–1482)
- Philip I, Duke (1482–1492)
- Charles II, Duke (1492–1538)
- Hillegund of Oetgenbach, Abbess (1374–1409)
- Mechthild III of Waldeck, Abbess (1409–1442)
- Margaret of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, rival abbess 1442–1443
- Margaret I of Gleichen, Abbess (1443–1475)
- Jakobe of Neuenahr, rival abbess 1476–1479
- Anna I of Hunolstein, Abbess (1476–1494)
- Bonizet of Limburg-Stirum, Abbess (1494–1524)
-
- Dietrich of Horne, Prince-bishop (1376–1402)
- Henry I of Schauenburg-Holstein, Prince-bishop (1402–1410)
- Otto von Hoya [de], Prince-bishop (1410–1424)
- Johann III von Diepholz [de], Prince-bishop (1424–1437)
- Erich von Hoya [de], Prince-bishop (1437–1442)
- Heinrich von Moers [de], Prince-bishop (1442–1450)
- Albrecht von Hoya [de], Prince-bishop (1450–1454)
- Rudolf von Diepholz, Prince-bishop (1454–1455)
- Konrad III von Diepholz [de], Prince-bishop (1455–1482)
- Konrad IV. von Rietberg [de], Prince-bishop (1482–1508)
- Frederick, co-Count (1403–1440)
- Theodoric IV, Count (1403–1460)
- John, Count (1460–1521)
- Frederick I, Count (1462–1487)
- William III, Count (1487–1526)
- John I, Count (1487–1533)
Upper Rhenish
- Humbrecht von Neuenburg, Prince-bishop (1399–1418)
- Hartmann II von Munchenstein, Prince-bishop (1418–1423)
- Johann IV von Fleckenstein, Prince-bishop (1423–1436)
- Friedrich von der Pfalz, Prince-bishop (1437–1451)
- Arnold von Rothburg, Prince-bishop (1451–1458)
- Johann V von Venningen, Prince-bishop (1458–1478)
- Caspar von Mühlhausen, Prince-bishop (1479–1502)
- Rudolf III. von Praunheim-Sachsenhausen, Stadtschultheißen (1389–1408)
- Wenzel von Cleen [de], Stadtschultheißen (1445–1455)
- Simon III, Count (1367–1420)
- John, Count (1367–1424)
- Emich VI, Count (15th century–1452)
- Emich VII, Count (1452–1495)
- Emich VIII, Count (1495–1535)[3]
- Henry VII, Count (1370–1416)
- Otto, Count (1416–1455)
- John I, Count (1455–1475)
- John II, Count (1475–1479)
- Peter, Count (1479–1505)
- John III, Count (1505–1537)
- John IV, Count (1537–1559)
- Werner, Count (1559–1629)
- Ernst Frederick, Altgrave (1629–1639)
- John IV, Count (1397–1431)
- Simon III, Count (1431–1475)
- John V, Rhinegrave (1475–1495)
- John VI, Rhinegrave (1495–1499)
- John V, Count (1431–1451)
- John VI, Count (1451–1505)
- Henry IV, Count (1396–1441)
- Frederick II, Count (1441–1442)
- Theobald III, Count (1442–1443)
- Louis, Count (1443–1503)
- Philip, Rhinegrave (1499–1521)
- John III, Count (1359–1403)
- Gerard I, Count (1403–1419)
- Theodore, Count (1419–1452)
- Gerard II, Count (1452–1493)
- Gerhard III, Count (1493–1506)
- loyal to Avignon
- Aymon Séchala, Prince-Bishop, loyal to Avignon (1398–1404)
- Jacques de Challant, Prince-Bishop, loyal to Avignon (1404–1417)
- loyal to Rome
- Guillaume IV, Prince-Bishop, loyal to Rome(1394–1402)
- Guillaume V of Rarogne, Prince-Bishop, loyal to Rome (1402–1418)
- after schism
- André dei Benzi of Gualdo, Prince-Bishop (1418–1437)
- Guillaume VI of Rarogne, Prince-Bishop (1437–1451)
- Henri Asperlin, Prince-Bishop (1451–1457)
- Walter Supersaxo, Prince-Bishop (1457–1482)
- Jost of Silenen, Prince-Bishop (1482–1496)
- Nicolas Schiner, Prince-Bishop (1496–1499)
- Mathieu Schiner, Prince-Bishop (1499–1522)
- Otto I, Count (1349–1410)
- Bernhard II, Count (1409–1459)
- Otto II, Count (1459–1504)
- Philip II, Regent (1475–1486), Count (1486–1524)
- Henry VIII, Count of Waldeck-Waldeck (1475–1486), of Waldeck-Widlungen (1486–1512)
- Echard von Dersch, Prince-bishop (1370–1405)
- Matthew of Kraków, Prince-bishop (1405–1410)
- Johann II von Fleckenstein, Prince-bishop (1410–1426)
- Eberhard III von Sternberg, Prince-bishop (1426–1427)
- Friedrich II von Domneck, Prince-bishop (1427–1445)
- Ludwig von Ast, Prince-bishop (1445)
- Reinhard I von Sickingen, Prince-bishop (1445–1482)
- Johann von Dalberg, Prince-bishop (1482–1503)
Lower Saxon
-
- inherited by Saxe-Ratzeburg to unite Saxe-Lauenburg
- Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg (1368–1401), co-Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1401–1411/12)
- Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg (1368–1401), co-Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1401–1411/12)
- John IV, co-Duke (1401–1412)
- Eric V, co-Duke (1401–1435)
- Bernard II, co-Duke (1426–1463)
- John V, co-Duke (1439–1507)
- Henry I the Mild, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1388–1416), co-Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1400–1409)
- Bernard I, co-Prince of Lunenburg (1388–1409, 1428–1434), Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1400–1428)
- Henry the Peaceful, co-Prince of Lunenburg (1416–1428), Prince of Wolfenbüttel (1428–1473)
- William the Victorious, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1416–1428), of Wolfenbüttel (1428–1432, 1473–1482), of Calenberg (1432–1473), of Göttingen (1450–1473)
- William IV the Younger, Prince of Calenberg (1473–1483, 1484–1491), of Göttingen (1473–1483, 1484–1495), of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1482–1491)
- Henry the Elder, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1514), co-Prince of Calenberg (1491–1494)
- Lutgard III, Princess-Abbess (1359–1402)
- Sophia III, Princess-Abbess (1402–1412)
- Agnes II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Princess-Abbess (1412–1439)
- Elisabeth of Dorstadt, Princess-Abbess (1439)
- Elisabeth, Princess-Abbess (1439–1452)
- Sophia IV, Princess-Abbess (1452, 1467–1485)
- Walburg, rival abbess (1452–67)
- Agnes III, Princess-Abbess (1485–1504)
- Otto II the One-eyed, Prince (1394–1463)
- William the Victorious, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1416–1428), of Wolfenbüttel (1428–1432, 1473–1482), of Calenberg (1432–1473), of Göttingen (1450–1473)
- William IV the Younger, Prince of Calenberg (1473–1483, 1484–1491), of Göttingen (1473–1483, 1484–1495), of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1482–1491)
- Frederick III the Restless, Prince (1482–1484)
- inherited by Calenberg.
- William the Victorious, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1416–1428), of Wolfenbüttel (1428–1432, 1473–1482), of Calenberg (1432–1473), of Göttingen (1450–1473)
- William IV the Younger, Prince of Calenberg (1473–1483, 1484–1491), of Göttingen (1473–1483, 1484–1495), of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1482–1491)
- Henry the Elder, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1514), co-Prince of Calenberg (1491–1494)
- Eric I, co-Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1494), Prince of Calenberg (1491–1540)
- Christian I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1460–1474), Duke of Holstein (1474–1481)
- John, Duke (1481–1513)
- Jordan Pleskow [de], Mayor (1400–1425)
- Marquard von Dame [de], Mayor (1406–1408, 1416-?)
- Henning von Rentelen [de], Mayor (1402)
- Konrad Brekewoldt (Bürgermeister) [de], Mayor (1407–1436)
- Hinrich Rapesulver [de], Mayor (?–1440)
- Hermann von Alen [de], Mayor (1408–1411)
- Johann Lange (Bürgermeister) [de], Mayor (1408–1409)
- Simon Oldesloe [de], Mayor (1409)
- Elert Stange [de], Mayor (1408–1416)
- Johann Growe [de], Mayor (1411–1412)
- Tidemann Steen [de], Mayor (1427)
- Hinrich Schönenberg [de], Mayor (1412–1416)
- Hermann Poling [de], Mayor (1413)
- Johann Bere [de], Mayor (1436–1451)
- Johann Klingenberg († 1454) [de], Mayor (1432–1454)
- Johann Lüneburg († 1461) [de], Mayor (1442–1461)
- Johann Kollmann (Bürgermeister) [de], Mayor (1443–1454)
- Bruno Warendorp († 1457) [de], Mayor (1432–1434)
- Wilhelm von Calven [de], Mayor (1441–1465)
- Gerhard von Minden [de], Mayor (1454–1462)
- Bertold Witig [de], Mayor (1457–1474)
- Heinrich von Stiten († 1484) [de], Mayor (1466–1484)
- Johann Westphal [de], Mayor (1461–1474)
- Andreas Geverdes [de], Mayor (1475–1477)
- Hinrich Castorp [de], Mayor (1462–1488)
- Johann Wickinghof [de], Mayor (1484–1493)
- Ludeke von Thünen [de], Mayor (1475–1501)
- Bruno Bruskow [de], Mayor (1479–1487)
- Diedrich Hupe [de], Mayor (1494–1498)
- Heinrich Brömse (Bürgermeister) [de], Mayor (1487–1502)
- Hermann von Wickede II [de], Mayor (1489–1501)
- Johann Hertze († 1510) [de], Mayor (1498–1510)
- Bernard I, co-Prince of Lunenburg (1388–1409, 1428–1434), Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1400–1428)
- Henry I the Mild, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1388–1416), co-Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1400–1409)
- Henry the Peaceful, co-Prince of Lunenburg (1416–1428), Prince of Wolfenbüttel (1428–1473)
- William the Victorious, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1416–1428), of Wolfenbüttel (1428–1432, 1473–1482), of Calenberg (1432–1473), of Göttingen (1450–1473)
- Otto IV the Lame, Prince (1434–1446)
- Frederick II the Pious, Prince (1434–1457, 1471–1478)
- Bernard II, co-Prince (1457–1464)
- Otto V the Magnanimous, co-Prince (1457–1471)
- Henry the Middle, Prince (1486–1520)
- Albert III of Querfurt, Prince-archbishop (1382–1403)
- Günther II of Schwarzburg, Prince-archbishop (1403–1445)
- Frederick III of Beichlingen, Prince-archbishop (1445–1464)
- John II of Palatinate-Simmern, Prince-archbishop (1464–1475)
- Ernest II of Saxony, Prince-archbishop (1475–1513)
- Albert III, Duke (1384–1412)
- John IV, Duke (1384–1422)
- Albert V, Duke (1412–1423)
- John V, Duke (1423–1442/43)
- Henry IV the Fat, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1422–1471), of Mecklenburg (1471–1477)
- John VI, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1451–1471), of Mecklenburg (1471–1472)
- Magnus II, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1477–1479), of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1503)
- Balthasar, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1507)
-
- inherited by Mecklenburg-Schwerin to unite Mecklenburg
- John VI, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1451–1471), of Mecklenburg (1471–1472)
- Henry IV the Fat, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1422–1471), of Mecklenburg (1471–1477)
- Albert VI, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1477–1479), of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1479–1483)
- Magnus II, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1477–1479), of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1503)
- Balthasar, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1507)
- Albert VI, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1477–1479), of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1479–1483)
- John VII, co-Lord (1393/94–1414)
- Balthasar, co-Lord (1393/94–1421)
- William, co-Lord of Werle-Güstrow (1401–1425), Lord of Werle (1425–1436)
-
- inherited by Hohenlohe-Güstrow to unite Werle
- William, co-Lord of Werle-Güstrow (1401–1425), Lord of Werle (1425–1436)
- inherited by Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Upper Saxon
- House of Ascania
- House of Wettin
- House of Wettin, Ernestine branch
-
- merged to Anhalt-Dessau
- Sigismund I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1382–1396), Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1396–1405)
- Albert IV, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1382–1396), Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1396–1423)
- partitioned into Anhalt-Dessau and Anhalt-Köthen
- Sigismund I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1382–1396), Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1396–1405)
- Valdemar IV, co-Prince (1405–1417)
- Sigismund II, co-Prince (1405–1452)
- Albert V, co-Prince (1405–1469)
- George I the Elder, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1405–1474), of Anhalt-Bernburg (1468–1474)
- Sigismund III, co-Prince (1474–1487)
- George II the Strong, co-Prince (1474–1509)
- Rudolph I the Valiant, co-Prince (1474–1510)
- Ernest I, co-Prince (1474–1516)
- Albert IV, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1382–1396), Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1396–1423)
- Waldemar V, co-Prince (1423–1436)
- Adolph I, co-Prince (1423–1473)
- Albert VI, co-Prince (1473–1475)
- Philip, co-Prince (1475–1500)
- Waldemar VI, co-Prince (1471–1508)
- Adolph II, co-Prince (1475–1508)
- Magnus, co-Prince (1475–1508), Prince (1475–1508)
- House of Luxemburg
- House of Hohenzollern
- Barnim V, co-Duke of Pomerania-Stargard (1377–1394/5), of Pomerania-Stolp (1394/5–1403)
- Bogislaw VIII Magnus, co-Duke of Pomerania-Stargard (1377–1394/95), of Pomerania-Stolp (1394/95–1418)
- Bogislav IX, Duke (1418–1446)
- Maria of Masovia, Regent (1446–1449)
- Eric I, Duke (1446–1459)
- Eric II, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1457–1474), of Pomerania-Stolp (1459–1474), of Pomerania-Stettin (1464–1474)
-
- then inherited by Bogislaw X the Great to unite Pomerania
- Bogislaw VII the Older, co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1372–1404)
- Swantibor I, co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1372–1413)
- Otto II, co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1413–1428)
- Casimir V, co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1413–1435)
- council of regency, Pomerania-Stettin (1435–1443)
- Joachim the Younger, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1443–1451)
- Otto III, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1460–1464)
- Eric II, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1457–1474), of Pomerania-Stolp (1459–1474), of Pomerania-Stettin (1464–1474)
- Bogislaw X the Great, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin (1474–1478), of Pomerania (1478–1523)
- Barnim VI, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1394–1405)
- Wartislaw VIII, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1393–1415)
- Agnes of Saxe-Lauenburg, Regent of Pomerania-Wolgast (1415–1425)
- Swantibor II the Calm, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1415–1425), of Pomerania-Barth (1425–1432)
- Barnim VIII the Younger, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1415–1425), of Pomerania-Barth (1425–1451)
- Barnim VII the Older, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1405–1450)
- Wartislaw IX, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1405–1457)
- Eric II, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1457–1474), of Pomerania-Stolp (1459–1474), of Pomerania-Stettin (1464–1474)
- Bogislaw X the Great, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin (1474–1478), of Pomerania (1478–1523)
Swabian
- John I, co-Margrave (1386–1409)
- Hesso II, co-Margrave (1386–1410)
- Otto II, Margrave (1410–1415)
- Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim (1372–1431), of Baden-Baden (1391–1431), of Baden-Hachberg (1415–1431)
- Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim (1372–1431), of Baden-Baden (1391–1431), of Baden-Hachberg (1415–1431)
- James I, Margrave (1431–1453)
- Bernard II, co-Margrave (1453–1458)
- Charles I, Margrave (1453–1475)
- Christopher I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1475–1503), of Baden (1503–1515)
- Marquard von Randegg [de], Prince-bishop (1398–1406)
- Otto III of Hachberg, Prince-bishop (1410–1434)
- Friedrich III von Zollern [de], Prince-bishop (1434–1436)
- Heinrich von Hewen [de], Prince-bishop (1436–1462)
- Burkhard von Randegg [de], Prince-bishop (1463–1466)
- Hermann von Breitenladenburg [de], Prince-bishop (1466–1474)
- Ludwig von Freiberg [de], Prince-bishop (1474–1479)
- Otto von Sonnenberg [de], Prince-bishop (1480–1491)
- Thomas Berlower [de], Prince-bishop (1491–1496)
- Hugo von Hohenlandenberg, Prince-bishop (1496–1529; 1531/2)
- Siegfried Gerlacher, Prince-abbot (1401–1427)
- Johann of Holzingen, Prince-abbot (1427–1452)
- Johann of Hürnheim, Prince-abbot (1452–1460), Prince-provost (1460–1461)
- Albrecht V of Rechberg, Prince-provost (1461–1502)
- Conrad V, Count (1441–1484)
- Henry IX, Count (1484–1499)
- Wolfgang, Count (1499–1509)
- Agnes, Princess-abbess (fl.1437)
- Dorothea Neth, Princess-abbess (fl.1437–1444)
- Ottilia Durlacher, Princess-abbess (fl.1449–1450)
- Ursula Egloffer, Princess-abbess (fl.1478)
- Walburga Gräter, Princess-abbess (c.1478–1503)
- Frederick VI of Hirschdorf, Prince-abbot (1382–1405)
- de:Friedrich VII von Laubenberg, Prince-abbot (1405–1434)
- Pilgrim II of Wernau, Prince-abbot (1434–1451)
- Gerwig II of Sulmentingen, Prince-abbot (1451–1460)
- Johann I of Wernau, Prince-abbot (1460–1481)
- de:Johann von Riedheim 1481–1507)
- Marquard, Baron (1470–1500)
- John IV, Baron (1500–1544)
- Ursula I von Sigberg, Princess-abbess (1466–1467)
- Ursula II von Prassberg, Princess-abbess (1467–1491)
- Amalia von Reischach [de], Princess-abbess (1491–1531)
- John I the Solemn, Count (1423–1449)
- Ludwig XIII, Count (1449–1486)
- Johann I von Essendorf, Prince-abbot (1393–1418)
- Johann II Blaarer von Guttingen und Wartensee, Prince-abbot (1418–1437)
- Erhard von Freybank, Prince-abbot (1437–1455)
- Jobst Penthelin von Ravensburg, Prince-abbot (1455–1477)
- Kaspar Schieck, Prince-abbot (1477–1491)
- Hartmann von Knorringen-Burgau, Prince-abbot (1491–1520)
- Reinhard II of Westerburg (1354–1421)
- Reinhard III of Westerburg, Baron (?–1449)
- Cuno I of Westerburg, Baron (1425–1459)
- Reinhard IV, Baron (1453–1522)
- Eberhard III, Count (1392–1417)
- Eberhard IV, Count (1417–1419)
- Ludwig I, Count (1419–1450)
- Ulrich V, Count (1419–1480)
- Ludwig II, Count (1450–1457)
- Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg, Count (1459–1495), Duke (1495–1496)
- Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg, Count of Württemberg-Stuttgart (1480–1482), Duke (1496–1498)
- Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1498–1519, 1534–1550)
Swiss Confederacy
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Italy
- Giorgio Adorno, Doge (1413–1415)
- Barnaba Guano, Doge (1415–1415)
- Tomaso di Campofregoso, Doge (1415–1421, first reign)
- Isnardo Guarco, Doge (1436)
- Tomaso di Campofregoso, Doge (1436–1437, second reign)
- Battista Fregoso, Doge (1437)
- Tomaso di Campofregoso, Doge (1437–1442, third reign)
- Raffaele Adorno, Doge (1443–1447)
- Barnaba Adorno, Doge (1447)
- Giano I di Campofregoso, Doge (1447–1448)
- Lodovico di Campofregoso, Doge (1448–1450, first reign)
- Pietro di Campofregoso, Doge (1450–1458)
- Prospero Adorno, Doge (1461)
- Spinetta Fregoso, Doge (1461)
- Lodovico di Campofregoso, Doge (1461–1462, second reign)
- Paolo Fregoso, Doge (1462)
- Lodovico di Campofregoso, Doge (1462, third reign)
- Paolo Fregoso, Doge (1462–1463, second reign)
- Francesco Sforza, ruler (1463–1477)
- Prospero Adorno, Doge (1477, second reign)
- Battista Fregoso, Doge (1478–1483)
- Paolo Fregoso, Doge (1483–1488, third reign)
- Paolo Guinigi, Lord (1400–1430)
-
- Boniface IX, Pope (1389–1404)
- Innocent VII, Pope (1404–1406)
- Gregory XII, Pope (1406–1415)
- Martin V, Pope (1417–1431)
- Eugene IV, Pope (1431–1447)
- Nicholas V, Pope (1447–1455)
- Callixtus III, Pope (1455–1458)
- Pius II, Pope (1458–1464)
- Paul II, Pope (1464–1471)
- Sixtus IV, Pope (1471–1484)
- Innocent VIII, Pope (1484–1492)
- Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503)
References
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2nd millennium | |
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1st millennium | |
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1st millennium BC | |
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2nd millennium BC | |
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4th–3rd millennia BC | |
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