London Customs Convention

London Customs Convention
Netherlands–Belgium–Luxembourg Customs Convention
Type	Customs union treaty
Signed	5 September 1944
Location	London, United Kingdom
Effective	1948
Condition	Ratified by all parties
Parties	Belgium; Netherlands; Luxembourg;

Officially titled the Netherlands–Belgium–Luxembourg Customs Convention, the London Customs Convention was the treaty that established the Benelux Customs Union on 5 September 1944.^[1] The word "Benelux" comes from an acronym of the countries' names, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

Background

After World War I, the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union formed in 1921, establishing a fixed parity between the Belgian franc and Luxembourgian franc, which was only revised in 1935 and 1944. The success of this union inspired the governments of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, all in exile from World War II in 1944, to meet in London and create the larger Benelux Customs Union.^[2] Ratified in The Hague in 1947, the London Customs Convention came into force in 1948 and lasted until 1960 when it was superseded by the stronger Benelux Economic Union, signed in The Hague in 1958.^[3] Besides initiating the Benelux Parliament in 1955, the Benelux countries went on to found the European Coal and Steel Community with France, Italy, and West Germany, foreshadowing the modern European Union.^[4]^[5]