The Main Directorate of Deep-Sea Research (Russian: Главное управление глубоководных исследований, transcribed as Glavnoye upravlenie glubokovodnikh issledovanii or GUGI), is a Russian agency belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is one of the most secret parts of the navy.[1][2] Its objective is to operate submarines that are able to dive deep into the sea, in order to gather intelligence or to work with installations on the seabed, including sabotage.[3][4][5] Its original target was the Western surveillance systems of submarines from the Soviet Union[6] and it is able to eavesdrop and sever the fiber optic cables crossing the seas.[7][8]
It also tests emergency equipment and does medical research on the physiology of diving.
The year of creation of the directorate is uncertain. 1963 (as military unit 90802), 1965,[9] and 1976 have been mentioned.[3]
The directorate is directly subordinate to the Ministry of Defense.[10][6] It is located separated from the normal navy bases, with its headquarters in Saint Petersburg and a naval base in Olenya Bay on the Kola Peninsula.[3]
Military unit No 45707
Created in Leningrad in October 1976 as the 10th detachment of hydronauts (Russian: 10-й отряд гидронавтов), Military unit No 45707 was in the special center of the Ministry of Defense in Moscow (Russian: Специальный центр Министерства обороны в Москве) but, since the early 2000s, military unit 45707 is subordinate to GUGI. Allegedly, Military unit No 45707 is headquartered at Petergof and is responsible for the testing and operation of deep-sea nuclear power plants by employing aquanauts, who are also known as hydronauts, in reconnaissance activities including maintaining Russian underwater communication cables, eavesdropping on submarine communication cables, installing underwater motion sensors, and collecting wreckage from ships, aircraft, and satellites off the seabed especially the remains of secret Russian equipment left over from tests or accidents. The bathyscaphes "Rus" and nuclear deep-water stations (AGS) "Losharik", "Nelma", "Kashalot", which work on the seabed at depths from 500 to 6000 meters, are in the 10th detachment of hydronauts (military unit 45707). According to Dmitry Kornev who is the editor of the MilitaryRussia.Ru website, hydronauts often conduct special missions in the Sea of Japan, the North Atlantic Ocean, and in the Arctic Ocean. The 15th Central Research Laboratory of the Ministry of Defense of Russia (Russian: 15-я центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория Минобороны России (15 ЦНИЛ ВМФ)) supported military unit 45707 efforts.[11][12]
GUGI has submarines that can reach depths of 6000 meters. They are equipped with tools, cameras and lighting in order to carry out operations there.[6] It has more than 50 ships, submarines and floating dry docks, which hide submarines from satellites.[5]
^Bendelin, Simon (12 Sep 2016). "Ryska styrkor kan kapa Gotlands kablar". Gotlands Tidningar: 2. den ryska havsforskningsorganisationen Gugi i själva verket ägnar sig åt spioneri och sabotage. Deras huvudsyfte ska vara att kunna slå ut infrastruktur genom att klippa av viktiga överföringskablar på havsbottnarna.
^ abcdHolmström, Mikael (25 Aug 2016). "Ryska ubåtar kan slå mot internet". Dagens Nyheter: 16.
^ abcvon Braun, Joakim (1 Oct 2022). "Säkerhetsexpert: Nordsjöns och Atlantens ledningar är mycket sårbara". Blekinge läns tidning.
^Töpffer, Michael (25 Aug 2016). "RYSK MILITÄR KAN SLÅ UT INTERNET". Expressen: 12.
^Stenlund, Peter (6 Jan 2020). "Ur en bekymrad europés perspektiv". Hufvudstadsbladet: 21.
^"Некролог" [Obituary] (PDF). «Красная звезда» (redstar.ru) (in Russian). 27 November 2020. Archived from the original(PDF) on 23 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024. See page 12.
^ ab"На ВСЗ заложили исследовательское судно "Вице-адмирал Буриличев"" [Research vessel Vice-Admiral Burilichev laid down at Vyborg Shipyard]. МОРСКАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯ: при Правительстве Российской Федерации. Cекретариат Морской коллегии (marine.gov.ru) (in Russian). 8 February 2021. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
