Rani hails from Rithal Phogat village in the Rohtak district of Haryana. Her father was a Border Security Force officer who died of cancer in 2010.[4] The Rani had initially started playing kabaddi, but her coach advised her to switch to boxing. Inspired by Indian boxer MC Mary Kom's bronze-winning performance at the 2012 London Summer Olympics, Rani made a shift to boxing.[6][4]
In 2019 Rani signed up with sports management firm Infinity Optimal Solutions (IOS) which will handle her endorsements and commercial interests.[9] In November 2020, Rani served a notice of termination of contract on IOS Sports and Entertainment for not fulfilling the sponsorship deal.[10]